气辅注射冷却时间的确定

由于气液固三态的参与,气辅成型的冷却过程较为复杂。本文参照气辅成型的数学模型对该冷却过程工艺参数进行理想化假设,并对该模型进行简化及求解,得到了塑料制品在冷却过程中的温度场分布和冷却时间。     

气辅注射冷却时间的确定

由于气液固三态的参与,气辅成型的冷却过程较为复杂,本文参照气辅成型的数学模型对该冷却过程工艺参数进行理想化假设,并对该模型进行简化及求解,得到了塑料制品在冷却过程中的温度场分布和冷却时间。     

我国气辅注塑技术研发获得突破

气体辅助注塑成型技术研究及气辅注塑成型机研制项目，在南昌通过江西省科技厅主持的验收。该项目的研制成功，为推动我国注塑成型技术进步，为塑料制品企业改进气辅注塑工艺，奠定了扎实的理论和实验基础。     

基于不同材料特性的水辅注塑模拟

基于广义非牛顿流体本构方程,采用有限体积法,对不同类型材料(结晶型材料PE和非结晶型材料HIPS、ABS)的短射法水辅注塑成型进行了数值模拟研究。研究发现,结晶型材料PE因结晶导致的体积收缩性,使其水辅注塑制件的水穿透长度比其它两种非结晶材料更长。当冷却时间过长时,结晶型材料PE因结晶导致的内应力增加,使其水辅注塑制件的水穿透长度比其他两种非结晶材料更短。这3种材料在注水延迟时间或注射量增加的情况下,均不利于水穿透长度的增加。另外,结晶型材料PE比非结晶型材料HIPS和ABS更容易发生二次穿透现象,且当熔体经过一定时间冷却,黏度提高时,更容易发生该现象。     

华夏信息

我国气辅注塑技术研发获得突破气体辅助注塑成型技术研究及气辅注塑成型机研制项目,在南昌通过江西省科技厅主持的验收。该项目的研制成功,为推动我国注塑成型技术进步,为塑料制品企业改进气辅注塑工艺,奠定了扎实的理论和实验基础。     

气辅注塑技术研发实现突破

南昌大学柳和生教授承担的第二批江西省主要学科跨世纪学术和技术带头人培养计划项目——气体辅助注塑成型技术研究及气辅注塑成型机研制项目，日前在南昌通过江西省科技厅主持的验收。该项目的研制成功，为推动我国注塑成型技术进步，为塑料制品企业改进气辅注塑工艺，奠定了扎实的理论和实验基础。     

考虑变比热的平板注塑件非对称冷却瞬态温度场数值模拟

对注塑平板制件非对称冷却过程进行了分析,通过近似假设,建立一维非稳态传热模型。考虑无定形聚合物和结晶型聚合物的比热对温度的依赖性,利用分段线性函数拟合聚合物的比热-温度曲线,通过对空间域和时间域的离散化,运用有限差分数值方法,模拟了无定形聚合物和结晶型聚合物注塑平板制件在模具中非对称冷却的一维瞬态温度场。     

结晶型塑料注塑平板冷却模型的研究

从注塑的实际出发，针对注塑结晶型塑料平板的冷却本质，利用有限厚度区域内注塑平板的冷却模型，运用数值分析的常用算法和多项式拟合的方法进行计算机精确分析求解。进行了详细的理论推导，求得了固液两相内的温度分布，凝固系数的函数以及平板中心层温度冷却至熔点所需的时间。     

聚保物熔体流变性能在气辅注塑工艺的影响

应用Ｈｅｌｅ－Ｓｈａｗ物理模型和改进的Ｃｒｏｓｓ流变模型及有限元算法对５种聚丙烯的气辅注塑过程进行了模拟，研究了不同聚丙烯材料在充填速度相同的条件下的压力及锁模力变化规律。结果表明，气辅注塑在气体注射后与传统注塑有较大差异，所需压力，锁模力均比传统注塑有显著降低，且聚合物的熔体流动速率减小，气体注射后产生的压力降越大，表明在生产中应尽可能选用高熔体流动速率树脂以利于气辅注塑工艺。     

市场

我国气辅注塑技术研发获重大突破南昌大学承担的气体辅助注射成型技术研究及气辅注射成型机研制项目,最近在南昌通过江西省科技厅主持的验收。该项目的研制成功为推动我国注射成型技术的进步,为塑料制品企业改进气辅注塑工艺奠定了扎实的理论和实验基础。专家认为,该项目率先于     

Temperature and shear rate distributions of gas-assisted injection molded (GAIM) polypropylene and the application in forecast of cooling time

An umbrella handle product of polypropylene molded by gas-assisted injection molding (GAIM) was studied from both aspects: theoretical modeling and simulation as well as in situ temperature measurement. The simulation was primarily through the use of the commercial software Moldflow (version 6.1) coupled with enthalpy transformation method (ETM) in an attempt to investigate the shear rate and temperature fields during GAIM process. A four-parameter model (FPM) was used to nonlinearly fit the temperature decays during the GAIM cooling stage on the basis of a three-parameter model (TPM) raised previously in our group. The FPM showed perfect fitting effect as well as presented fairly acceptable cooling time (t_c) prediction in comparison to experimental data, which could better reflect the nature of crystalline polymers during melt crystallization process. The understanding of the shear rate and temperature fields would be of practical importance to the further research on relationship of “processing–structure–property” as well as the optimization of cooling parameters for industrial GAIM operations of crystalline polymers. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136, 47390.     

聚丙烯气体辅助注射成型冷却过程中温度分布的研究

通过对聚合物气体辅助注射成型冷却过程进行合理的假设与简化,对聚丙烯（PP）气体辅助注射成型冷却过程进行了实验与数值模拟研究。结果表明,注射氮气后,PP的冷却速度显著加快,并在气-熔界面处出现小范围的结晶平台。采用MATLAB软件对氮气辅助注射成型PP冷却过程中的温度分布进行了数值模拟,将计算所得模拟值与温度采集的实验值进行比较,发现在熔体降温阶段温度分布的模拟值与实验值吻合程度很高;在固相冷却阶段由于聚合物本身复杂特性以及气体的渗透效应,PP的模拟值略高于实验值,而氮气的模拟值低于实验值。     

Simulation of phase‐change heat transfer during cooling stage of gas‐assisted injection molding of high‐density polyethylene via enthalpy transformation approach

Gas‐assisted injection molding (GAIM) is one of the significant fabricating technologies of plastics in modern industry, mainly owing to the light weight of products, good structural rigidity and dimensional stability, as well as shorter molding cycles. The objective of this article is to explore the temperature profiles during the cooling stage of gas‐assisted injection molded high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) parts using a transient heat transfer model of the enthalpy transformation method, which could always be utilized for the numerical studies of the phase‐change heat transfer issues. The simulated results were validated by the in situ measurement of temperature decay, and good agreement has been observed. The comparison between GAIM and conventional injection molding (CIM) reveals that it is the rapid cooling rate (because of thin wall‐thickness) and the inner gas cooling effects that together lead to the shortening of molding cycles. As cooling rate plays a part in the stabilization of the crystalline structure during the GAIM process according to our previous studies, this work is of significance for the operational designs in GAIM industrial applications and further investigation on the detailed mechanisms of various crystalline structures in GAIM parts. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2009. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers     

不同气体流动模式下的气体辅助注射成型——隐式直接算法在温度场模拟中的应用

对气辅成型冷却过程的温度场进行了数据模拟,通过对持续注射氮气聚合物气体辅助注射成型(GAIM)冷却过程的合理假设,采用结晶温度区间的平均散热代替结晶潜热和第三类对流传热边界条件,使用MATLAB对高密度聚乙烯（PE-HD）GAIM冷却过程进行了数据模拟;通过实验测定了不同注射氮气压力下的流速并验证模拟温度场。结果表明：冷却温度场的模拟和实测值基本吻合,其模拟结果对于制件多层次结构的预测和气辅工艺参数的优化有重要的指导意义。     

Hierarchical crystalline structure of HDPE molded by gas-assisted injection molding

To understand the crystalline morphology of the parts molded by gas-assisted injection molding (GAIM), in this work, the hierarchical structures and the crystalline morphology of gas-assisted injection molded high-density polyethylene (HDPE) were investigated. According to the comparison between the results of the GAIM part and those of the conventional injection molded counterpart, it is found that gas penetration can remarkably enhance the shear rate during GAIM process and oriented lamellar structure, shish-kebab structure and common spherulites arise in the skin, subskin and gas channel region, respectively, owing to the different shear rate in these regions. Meanwhile, cooling rate also plays an important role in the formation of the oriented crystalline structure.     

A simple method for forecast of cooling time of high‐density polyethylene during gas‐assisted injection molding

Gas‐assisted injection molding (GAIM) is an innovative plastic processing technology, which was developed from the conventional injection molding, and has currently found wide industrial applications. About 70% of the whole gas‐assisted injection molding cycle is actually occupied by the cooling stage. The quality and production efficiency of molded parts are considerably affected by the cooling stage. Hence, it is necessary to study the solidification behaviors during the cooling stage. In this work, a simple experimental method was designed to simulate the solidification behaviors of high‐density polyethylene during cooling stage of GAIM. The enthalpy transformation approach, coupled with the control‐volume/finite difference techniques, was adopted to deal with the transient heat transfer problems with phase change effects. In situ measurements of the temperature decreases in the cavity were also carried out. Reasonable agreements between the experimental values and the simulated results such as cooling time, cooling rates, and temperature curves were obtained, which proved that this simple experimental method was effective. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010     

Extension of the orientation region of high density polyethylene molded by gas‐assisted injection molding: control of the thermal field

Wider zones with close‐knit orientation crystals in high density polyethylene (HDPE) parts prepared via the gas‐assisted injection molding (GAIM) process were obtained under high cooling gas pressure. In this study, compressed nitrogen, as a cooling medium, was introduced to retain a high cooling rate of the polymer melt. The high gas pressure leads to fast cooling of the polymer melt, which contributes to the stability of more oriented and stretched chains during the cooling stage. Then many more oriented structures are formed. SEM shows that many more oriented structures and interlocking shish‐kebab structures are achieved in parts under highest cooling gas pressure (P3). The P3 parts possess a higher degree of orientation than the corresponding regions of parts under lowest cooling gas pressure (P1). Moreover, tensile testing indicates that, compared with P1 parts, although P3 parts have lower crystallinity, the mechanical properties are improved because of the wider orientation zone and many more interlocking shish‐kebab structures. Combining the HDPE molecular parameters with the characteristics of the GAIM flow field and temperature field, the stability of oriented or stretched chains and the formation of orientation structures in various zones of the parts were analyzed. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry     

Simulation of a mold‐cooling process for gas‐assisted injection molded parts designed with a top rib on the gas channel

The same CAE model used for the filling and packing stage in the gas‐assisted injection molding (GAIM) process simulation was also applied to simulate the cooling phase. This was made possible by using the line source method for modeling cooling channels. The cycle‐averaged and cyclic transient mold cavity surface temperature distribution within a steady cycle was calculated using the three‐dimensional modified boundary element technique similar to that used in conventional injection molding. The analysis results for GAIM plates of a semicircular gas channel design attached with a top rib are illustrated and discussed. It was found that the difference in cycle‐averaged mold wall temperatures may be as high as 10°C, and within a steady cycle, part temperatures may also vary by about 15°C. The conversion of the gas channel into equivalent circular pipe and further simplification into two‐node elements using the line source method not only affects the mold wall temperature calculation very slightly but also reduces the computer time by 93%. This indicates that it is feasible to achieve an integrated process simulation for GAIM under one CAE model, resulting in great computational efficiency for industrial application.     

Banded spherulites of HDPE molded by gas-assisted and conventional injection molding

Crystal morphologies of high density polyethylene (HDPE) with low molecular weight obtained by gas-assisted injection molding (GAIM), conventional injection molding (CIM), and spontaneous cooling, respectively, were studied by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM). It is found that banded spherulites are generated in the inner zone of GAIM parts and the outer zone of CIM parts but are absent in quiescent parts. According to the results, the representative morphologies of crystal change with gradual increment of instantaneous flow field in crystallization from non-banded spherulite to banded spherulite and then to oriented lamellae. This morphological evolution indicates that banded spherulites could be induced by flow field with certain intensity, which is confined by both an upper critical value and a lower one.