一种新型钴基高温合金在900℃熔融NaCl中的热腐蚀行为

采用浸盐法研究一种新型钴基高温合金在900℃熔融NaCl中的热腐蚀行为。结果表明:腐蚀初期合金发生选择性氧化,在表面生成Al_2O_3,Cr_2O_3和少量的TiO_2。随着腐蚀时间的延长,熔融NaCl开始侵蚀表面保护性Cr_2O_3和Al_2O_3,使腐蚀性介质与基体逐渐接触,加速合金腐蚀。随着腐蚀的进行,合金内腐蚀层生成棒状Al_2O_3。由于基体中Al的消耗,棒状Al_2O_3周围易生成Co3W。Co3W与棒状Al_2O_3的相界面形成氧扩散的快速通道,导致80h后合金热腐蚀加剧。     

2205 双相不锈钢在熔融氯化物盐膜下的腐蚀

利用热重分析考察了表面涂有ZnCl2-KCl混合盐膜的2205双相不锈钢在450℃氧化性气氛中的耐蚀性，结果表明，材料发生加速腐蚀，形成厚且疏松的表面腐蚀层。并在基体内发生晶间腐蚀及沿富Cr相的择优侵蚀，在该环境下，材料中较高的Cr含量没有提供充分的保护性，甚至恶化材料的耐蚀性能。用热力学讨论其作用机理。     

高温熔融玻璃介质中耐热不锈钢腐蚀行为EI北大核心CSCD

核工业发展及核能的不断开发促使人们开始大力研究绿色环保且安全的核废料处理技术。利用金属容器填装玻璃固化核废料并进行填埋是目前国际上主流的核废料处理技术之一。然而,高温熔融玻璃对金属容器表面产生的高温腐蚀成为加速容器失效的重要原因。因此,深入理解金属在高温熔融玻璃介质中的腐蚀行为是保障核废料安全处理的关键之一。本研究选用S30815耐热不锈钢作为研究对象,深入分析S30815耐热不锈钢在1100℃熔融玻璃中保温不同时间后材料表面腐蚀形态、成分及物相结构。研究结果表明,熔融玻璃首先沿晶界向内腐蚀,然后逐步替代金属材料占据晶界位置并进一步向晶内扩渗,形成腐蚀坑。耐热不锈钢中的Cr,Si元素在腐蚀过程中向熔融玻璃扩渗并导致金属表层元素含量下降,最终促使金属表面由奥氏体转变为马氏体。熔融玻璃对耐热不锈钢的腐蚀属于碱性溶解,金属表面无法形成连续稳定的氧化膜,因此,随着保温时间延长腐蚀将会不断进行。     

奥氏体不锈钢304、316L和321在熔融硝酸盐中的耐腐蚀性

太阳能热发电系统中,储热系统是其中重要的一环。熔盐作为储热和传热介质,其研究与应用越来越广泛,但熔融硝酸盐的腐蚀现象依然是不能忽视的问题。针对不锈钢在熔融硝酸盐中的腐蚀问题,利用静态浸泡法,研究了530℃、氮气气氛下,3类奥氏体不锈钢在2种硝酸盐体系中的腐蚀行为,并探讨了不锈钢在熔融硝酸盐中的腐蚀机理,为今后太阳能热发电关键部件选材提供参考依据。     

316L不锈钢在不同电导率海水和NaCl溶液中的电化学腐蚀行为

采用线性极化电阻、塔菲尔曲线法和电化学阻抗谱(EIS)技术研究了316L不锈钢(316LSS)在不同电导率海水和NaCl溶液中的电化学腐蚀行为。结果表明,316LSS在两种腐蚀介质中的极化电阻(Rp)、自腐蚀电位(Ecorr)和点蚀电位(Eb100)均随电导率的升高而降低。同时EIS显示电导率对电荷转移电阻(R1)影响不大,而对膜电阻(R2)影响较大,说明随电导率的变化,腐蚀介质中侵蚀离子主要影响316LSS的钝化膜的稳定性。316LSS在NaCl溶液中的R2、Ecorr、Eb100值比在相同电导率海水中分别最大减少了6.5×105Ω.cm2、54mV和143mV,说明在电导率相同时,316LSS更易在NaCl溶液中发生腐蚀。因此,在海水源热泵系统应用研究中,应该尽量采用实际海水作为腐蚀介质。     

盐对SUS321和SUS309不锈钢高温耐腐蚀性的影响

通过试验研究了盐对SUS321和SUS309不锈钢高温耐腐蚀性的影响.试验结果表明,盐的作用使SUS321和SUS309不锈钢的高温耐腐蚀性大大下降,使其可以承受的温度分别从原来的830℃和880℃都降低到了750℃以下.     

镁合金在NaCl溶液中的腐蚀电化学行为

为了提高镁合金材料的耐蚀性能,用电化学方法对比研究了AZ31,AZ61和AZ91镁合金在3.5%NaCl溶液中的电化学行为及缓蚀剂亚硝酸钠(NaNO2)对AZ61腐蚀电化学行为的影响。结果表明:3种镁合金的腐蚀速度大小依次为AZ31>AZ61>AZ91,其中AZ31的活化性能最高;NaNO2能抑制AZ61的析氢腐蚀速度,腐蚀表面较均匀,腐蚀电流密度J corr降低,腐蚀电位E corr发生正移;NaNO2属于阳极型缓蚀剂,其含量为2.0%时,对AZ61的缓蚀率高达85.1%。     

FeAl金属间化合物在熔融LiCl和LiCl-Li2O中的腐蚀行为

采用还原处理技术处理乏燃料,形成的LiO2质量分数高达3%以上,这易使反应容器及传送熔盐的装置腐蚀加快.以浸没法研究了FeAl金属间化合物在750℃熔融LiCl和LiCl-Li2O中的腐蚀行为.FeAl在熔融LiCl-Li2O中的腐蚀比熔融LiCl中的腐蚀快.FeAl合金在750℃熔融LiCl和LiCl-Li2O中表现出相同的腐蚀趋势:腐蚀初期出现快速腐蚀现象,后期由于受扩散机制的控制,腐蚀速度变得很慢,因而腐蚀动力学曲线呈抛物线形状.     

17-4PH不锈钢在不同浓度HCl环境中的电化学腐蚀行为

为了探明17-4PH不锈钢在HCl溶液中的腐蚀行为,采用动电位极化和电化学阻抗测量了其在不同浓度HCl溶液中腐蚀性能,通过扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱(EDX)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等技术研究了锈层对腐蚀行为的作用机制.结果 表明:17-4PH不锈钢在HCl溶液中随着HCl浓度的增大,腐蚀电流密度(Jcorr)增大,锈层电阻和电荷转移电阻减小;当HCl浓度超过10％,腐蚀电流密度快速增加,15％ HCl溶液中的Jcorr比10％的增加1倍多.基于此,提出了2种不同的等效电路对17-4PH不锈钢的电化学阻抗谱进行了拟合.HCl溶液浓度小于等于10％时,17-4PH试样表面具有双锈层结构,其中,Cu元素富集在外层结构中;而浓度大于10％时为单一锈层结构.锈层的不同结构是腐蚀机制和性能产生差异的原因.     

充氢时间对S32750超级双相不锈钢在NaCl溶液中腐蚀行为的影响

为了考察氢对S32750超级双相不锈钢(SDSS)腐蚀行为的影响,将S32750 SDSS在25℃的1.26mmol/L Na_4P_2O_7+0.5 mol/L H_2SO_4溶液中进行不同时间的电化学充氢。通过开路电位、动电位极化曲线、电化学阻抗曲线和Mott-Schottky曲线表征了充氢后S32750 SDSS在3.5%NaCl溶液中的电化学行为。结果表明:随着充氢时间的延长,S32750 SDSS的自腐蚀电位逐渐负移,自腐蚀电流密度和维钝电流密度区间逐渐增大,击穿电位逐渐降低,Mott-Schottky曲线斜率逐渐减小。这主要是因为材料中增加的氢延缓了钝化膜生成,增加了钝化膜的缺陷浓度,降低了钝化膜的稳定性和完整性,使钝化膜更容易发生破裂和溶解,电极反应速度加快,腐蚀趋势因而增大。     

Stress corrosion cracking of AISI 321 stainless steel in acidic chloride solution

The stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of AISI 321 stainless steel in acidic chloride solution was studied by slow strain rate (SSR) technique and fracture mechanics method. The fractured surface was characterized by cleavage fracture. In order to clarify the SCC mechanism, the effects of inhibitor KI on SCC behaviour were also included in this paper. A study showed that the inhibition effects of KI on SCC were mainly attributed to the anodic reaction of the corrosion process. The results of strain distribution in front of the crack tip of the fatigue pre-cracked plate specimens in air, in the blank solution (acidic chloride solution without inhibitor KI) and in the solution added with KI measured by speckle interferometry (SPI) support the unified mechanism of SCC and corrosion fatigue cracking (CFC).     

Effect of annealing temperature on the pitting corrosion resistance of super duplex stainless steel UNS S32750

The pitting corrosion resistance of commercial super duplex stainless steels SAF2507 (UNS S32750) annealed at seven different temperatures ranging from 1030 °C to 1200 °C for 2 h has been investigated by means of potentiostatic critical pitting temperature. The microstructural evolution and pit morphologies of the specimens were studied through optical/scanning electron microscope.Increasing annealing temperature from 1030 °C to 1080 °C elevates the critical pitting temperature, whereas continuing to increase the annealing temperature to 1200 °C decreases the critical pitting temperature. The specimens annealed at 1080 °C for 2 h exhibit the best pitting corrosion resistance with the highest critical pitting temperature. The pit morphologies show that the pit initiation sites transfer from austenite phase to ferrite phase as the annealing temperature increases. The aforementioned results can be explained by the variation of pitting resistance equivalent number of ferrite and austenite phase as the annealing temperature changes.     

Redetermination of the viscosity of molten NaCl at elevated temperatures

The viscosity of molten sodium chloride (NaCl) has been measured in the temperature range 1083–1248 K by the oscillating-cup method. Although NaCl was considered as one of the standard salts, there existed a systematic deviation among the available data. The present measurement is the redetermination after checking the effects of the meniscus at the liquid surface and of the temperature field.     

不锈钢低温盐浴表面氮化技术发展与现状

不锈钢具有良好的耐蚀性、韧性和可加工性,但其硬度低、耐磨性差,严重制约了其在有磨损腐蚀要求环境体系中的应用.为了提高不锈钢的抗磨损性能,通过低温活性盐浴表面处理技术提高其耐磨性的同时不降低其耐蚀性,使得其在具有磨损的腐蚀介质环境中能够提高其抗磨损性能而不被腐蚀,可延长其使用寿命.本文系统地介绍了低温活性盐浴表面氮化处理技术的发展、原理及应用和处理后表面氮化层的特点、组织和表面性能.低温活性盐浴表面处理后,表层活性N原子扩散在奥氏体间隙中形成过饱和固溶体的S-相,产生特殊的位错-应力FCC结构,使得奥氏体晶格发生严重变形,不但提高了其腐蚀性,同时大大提高了其硬度,使得不锈钢硬度能够达到1 000 HV0.1,其抗磨损性能亦得到了显著提高.     

一种新型核级奥氏体不锈钢焊接接头的晶间腐蚀研究

利用"不锈钢硫酸-硫酸铜腐蚀实验"、光学显微镜和扫描电镜等测试方法分别对未敏化和经敏化处理(650℃×100 h)的800H和新型Cr18Ni30Mo2Al3Nb合金焊接接头的抗晶间腐蚀性能进行研究,结果表明,800H和Cr18Ni30Mo2Al3Nb接头焊缝组织均为单一的奥氏体基体,800H合金中TiN缺陷处易引起点蚀,而Cr18Ni30Mo2Al3Nb无明显点蚀现象;对比腐蚀失重、腐蚀深度等实验结果,未敏化和敏化态Cr18Ni30Mo2Al3Nb焊接接头的抗晶间腐蚀性能明显优于相同状态的800H。     

Fretting fatigue behaviour of Ni-free high-nitrogen stainless steel in a simulated body fluid

Abstract

Fretting fatigue behaviour of Ni-free high-nitrogen steel (HNS) with a yield strength of about 800 MPa, which was prepared by nitrogen gas pressurized electroslag remelting, was studied in air and in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS(-)). For comparison, fretting fatigue behaviour of cold-rolled SUS316L steel (SUS316L(CR)) with similar yield strength was examined. The plain fatigue limit of HNS was slightly lower than that of SUS316L(CR) although the former had a higher tensile strength than the latter. The fretting fatigue limit of HNS was higher than that of SUS316L(CR) both in air and in PBS(-). A decrease in fatigue limit of HNS by fretting was significantly smaller than that of SUS316L(CR) in both environments, indicating that HNS has better fretting fatigue resistance than SUS316L(CR). The decrease in fatigue limit by fretting is discussed taking into account the effect of friction stress due to fretting and the additional influences of wear, tribocorrosion and plastic deformation in the fretted area.     

新型00Cr23Ni6Mo4Cu3铸造不锈钢的组织及其局部腐蚀行为

采用金相显微镜和ｘ射线衍射仪进行了金相组织观察与分析，并采用快速模拟试验方法研究了新型００Ｃｒ２３Ｎｉ６Ｍｏ４Ｃｕ３铸造不锈钢的局部腐蚀行为。结果表明，该钢经１０５０℃×２ｈ的固溶处理，其组织为铁素体基体上分布有适量的奥氏体。该热处理使组织细化与均匀化。由于铁素体对奥氏体组织有电化学保护作用，因而这种新型双相不锈钢具有优良的耐晶间腐蚀性能和较高的抗点蚀性能，与高合金化的奥氏体Ｃ１５钢相当。     

304L不锈钢在Cl~-作用下腐蚀行为的研究

通过电化学噪声技术(EN)、动电位扫描法、噪声电阻(Rn)等方法研究了304L不锈钢在含Cl-溶液中的腐蚀行为过程,探讨了Cl-对304L不锈钢腐蚀行为的影响,以及腐蚀的形成、特征、机理。结果表明,由于有Cl-的存在,对不锈钢金属的钝化膜的破坏必然导致腐蚀过程中离子扩散速度的加快,因此,Cl-对304L不锈钢腐蚀行为有着明显的钝化作用。     

Pitting corrosion failure of an AISI stainless steel pointer rod

In this study, failure analysis of a thermostatic mixing valve pointer rod made of AISI 304 stainless steel was performed. Visual examination, followed by an in-depth microstructural characterization using optical and scanning electron microscopy, was carried out for understanding the primary cause of failure. Energy dispersive X-ray, X-ray diffraction analysis and transmission electron microscopic analyses were also necessary supplements to this investigation. Finally, the obtained results infer that the combined effect of large amounts of MnS inclusions and the presence of deformation induced martensite adversely affected the pitting corrosion resistance of the pointer rod material. It is concluded that the pointer rod material was not properly investigated for defects prior to and after its fabrication.