酸化破乳—Fenton试剂氧化—混凝沉淀处理电子感光废水的研究

用酸化破乳－Ｈ２Ｏ２／ Ｆｅ２＋氧化－混凝沉淀处理印刷线路板感光乳化废水。讨论了 ｐＨ值、Ｈ２Ｏ２的浓度、Ｆｅ２浓度对ＣＯＤ去除的影响。结果表明,酸化破乳、Ｆｅｎｔｏｎ试剂氧化的ｐＨ值控制在３～４,混凝沉淀ｐＨ值控制在９～１０,Ｈ２Ｏ２浓度为０．０６ｍｇ·Ｌ－１,Ｆｅ２＋浓度为０．８ｍｇ·Ｌ－１,反应温度为１４０℃左右时,ＣＯＤ总去除率达９３．６％,具有良好的应用前景。     

Fe^3＋,Fe^2＋的快速连续测定

Ｆｅ~（３＋）、Ｆｅ~（２＋）的快速连续测定郭永，姚素薇，郭鹤桐１前言电解成型铁箔工艺中［１］，电解液含Ｆｅ（２＋）为１００～１８０ｇ／Ｌ稳定剂８０ｇ／Ｌ，润湿剂０．４ｍＬ／Ｌ为使铁箔成型顺利进行，要求电解液中Ｆｅ（３＋）控制在１～５ｇ／Ｌ范围内。以往...     

极谱法测定冷却水中的乙二胺四甲叉膦酸钠

在６．８×１０＾－４ｍｏｌ．Ｌ柠檬酸钠，醋酸－醋酸钠缓冲溶液（ｐＨ＝５．２＋中，Ｃｕ＾２＋可与乙二胺四甲叉膦酸钠（ＥＤＴＭＰＳ）络合，使铜峰降低，峰电位Ｅｐ＝－０．２４Ｖ（银－氯化银电极）。乙二胺四甲叉膦酸钠浓度在３－５０ｍｇ／Ｌ范围内与峰高降低值呈线性关系。采用ＪＰ３－１型示波极谱仪，二次微分，起始电位０．００Ｖ，终止电位－１．２０Ｖ测定，检出银为１ｍｇ／Ｌ，变异系数为３．２％－６．０％，回收率     

动力学分光光度法测定食品中的痕量铁

介绍了一种动力学分光光度测定痕量铁的方法。在ｐＨ＝４．７０的ＨＡｃＮａＡｃ介质中,Ｆｅ（Ⅲ）对Ｈ２Ｏ２氧化番红花Ｔ的反应具有强烈的催化作用,使溶液颜色褪去。该溶液最大吸收波长为５２０ｎｍ,铁含量在３．０８×１０６２．８０×１０５ｇ／Ｌ范围内遵从比尔定律,表观摩尔吸光系数为５．６×１０５Ｌ·ｍｏｌ１·ｃｍ１,回归方程为：ΔＡ＝５．６×１０５ＣＦｅ（Ⅲ）＋０．０２（Ｃ的单位为ｍｏｌ·Ｌ１）,相关系数γ＝０．９９９９,检出限为３．１６×１０６ｇ／Ｌ,同时也研究了多种干扰离子对测定的影响,该方法应用于测定食品如大米、面粉中的痕量铁取得了满意的结果     

用矿渣处理含铜废水的试验研究

对矿渣处理含铜废水进行了试验，探讨了矿渣用量及细度，废水酸度，温度，混合反应时间对除铜效果的影响，结果表明，在废水ｐＨ不小于３，Ｃｕ＾２＋，不大于２００ｍｇ／Ｌ的范围内，按铜／矿渣质量比为１／２００投加矿渣，去除率可达９９％以上，且出水可达排放标准。     

硫酸镍结晶母液的渗析净化

本文应用Ｓ２０３膜对含Ｈ２ＳＯ４〉５５０ｇ／Ｌ的硫酸镍结晶母液进行渗析净化的工业性试验。结果表明：渗析工艺能满足现行铜电解生产工艺流程对净化效果的要求，回收酸与Ｃｕ＾２＋、Ｆｅ＾３＋Ｎｉ＾２＋、Ｂｉ＾３＋等离子能有效分离，当水／酸值取０．９－１．１，单位处理能力≯５０Ｌ／ｍ＾２．ｄ时，回收酸浓度〉２７４ｇ／Ｌ；残液酸浓度〈２８０ｇ／Ｌ，阳离子截留率〉９０％。     

磷酸三丁酯为载体的乳状液膜体系迁移钇(Ⅲ)的研究

用磷酸三丁酯（ＴＢＰ）－ＬＭＳ－２－磺化煤油乳状液膜体系研究了Ｙ（Ⅲ）的迁移行为。当膜相体积分数为５．０％ＴＢＰ和２．０％ＬＭＳ－２,内相为０．０１ｍｏｌ／ＬＮａＨＣＯ３,外相含６ｍｏｌ／ＬＮＨ４ＮＯ３,酸度为ｐＨ＝３时,Ｙ（Ⅲ）能快速并完全迁移。常见过渡元素离子如Ｆｅ２＋,Ｃｏ２＋,Ｎｉ２＋,Ｍｎ２＋,Ｚｎ２＋等均不迁移,故可以从这些离子的混合液中分离Ｙ（Ⅲ）,回收率可达９８％以上。     

废雷尼镍催化剂的综合利用

以废雷尼镍催化剂为原料,制备出合格的硫酸镍、硝酸镍和氧化镍。利用化学分析方法测定这种废催化剂含Ｎｉ２＋为６６．０６％,Ｆｅ２＋为０．７７９％,Ｃｒ３＋为１．４５６％,选用ＮａＣｌＯ作氧化剂将Ｆｅ２＋氧化成Ｆｅ３＋,再调节溶液的ｐＨ值为５．０～５．６,将Ｆｅ３＋和Ｃｒ３＋以氢氧化物的沉淀形式过滤除去。滤液加入浓硫酸,调节ｐＨ值处于３．５～４．０之间,然后冷却、结晶,离心即得ＮｉＳＯ４·７Ｈ２Ｏ;滤液加入碳酸钠,经一系列操作,制得碳酸镍粉末,再将碳酸镍粉末缓慢加热至４５０℃以上,则制得氧化镍;将碳酸镍粉末加入硝酸溶解,再浓缩、结晶、分离制得硝酸镍［Ｎｉ（ＮＯ３）２·６Ｈ２Ｏ］成品,本法工艺简单,成本低廉,镍的回收率达９５％     

石灰法处理含F^—,Ni^2＋酸性废水

针对铝型材加工业产生的含Ｆ＾－，Ｎｉ＾２＋酸性废水，用石灰作沉淀剂，通过化学沉淀法，控制溶液ｐＨ值，投加８０ｍｇ／Ｌ的聚合氯化铝作为混凝剂，８０ｍｇ／Ｌ的聚丙烯酰胺作为絮凝剂，通过沉淀分离出有害物。出水ｐＨ值６￣９，ＳＳ去除率９８％以上，ＣＯＤ去除率８０％以上，Ｆ＾－去除率３３％以上，Ｎｉ＾２＋去除率９９％以上。     

改进的甲酚红褪色光度法测定微量二氧化氯

对甲酚红褪色光度法测定微量二氧化氯进行改进，在ｐＨ＝３．０缓冲介质中，加入适量氨磺酸铵（０．０７４ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）作为掩蔽剂，可在Ｃｌ２（〈８５ｍｇ／Ｌ），ＣｌＯ（〈１２．４ｍｇ／Ｌ），ＣｌＯ２（〈２０ｍｇ／Ｌ）共存时选择性测定ＣｌＯ２线性范围０～３ｍｇ／Ｌ，检测限０．００３ｍｇ／Ｌ，方法回收率９７．２％～１０６．０％，该方法简便，快速，准确，适用于水溶液中微量ＣｌＯ２的测定。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。