Generation and Simulation of Robot Trajectories in a Virtual CAD-Based Off-Line Programming Environment

This paper presents a new approach to the generation and optimisation of the position and orientation trajectories in Cartesian task space, and simulation in a virtual CAD-based off-line programming environment. A novel concept of the robot pose ruled surface is proposed, and defined as a motion locus of the robot orientation vector, i.e. the vector of equivalent angular displacement. The planning for trajectories of robot end-effectors can be accomplished by generating the robot pose ruled surface and optimising its area under the constraints with good kinematics and dynamics performances. The established optimisation model is based on functional analysis and dynamics planning, and is simplified by using high-order polynomial space curves as the robotic position and orientation trajectories. The developed system, RoboSim, is a virtual integrated environment which can be used as a testbed for automatic motion planning and simulation for robots. Two examples are given to verify the feasibility of the proposed approach and models, and to demonstrate the capabilities of generation, optimisation, and simulation modules and libraries in the RoboSim package. The simulation results show that the approach and system are feasible and useful for motion planning, performance analysis and evaluation, and CAD-based prototyping and off-line programming in both the virtual and the real design and planning environment.     

Development of a Robotic System which Assists Unmanned Production Based on Cooperation between Off-Line Robots and On-Line Robots: Concept, Analysis and Related Technology

In order to deal with labour shortages due to the predicted low birth rate in the 21st century, and create a more friendly production system, we propose a robotic system which assists production in flexible manufacturing environments. In this robotic system off-line robots are proposed to replace or reduce the need for human workers at the shop-floor. The off-line robots carry out assisting or service tasks for the on-line robots which perform manufacturing tasks at the production line or site. In this paper, first, an analysis of a conventional automatic production system using robots is described. Secondly, the concept of a robotic production system using two types of robots is proposed. Thirdly, a methodology for the realisation of the proposed concept and some technical results are presented. Finally, fault recovery using off-line robots and peripheral technology are discussed.     

Development of a new 5 dof mobile robot arm and its motion control system

In this paper, a new revolute mobile robot arm with five degree of freedom (d.o.f) was developed for autonomous moving robots. As a control system for the robot arm, a distributed control system composed of the main controller and five motor controllers for arm joints was developed. The main controller and the motor controllers were developed using the ARM microprocessor and the TMS320c2407 microprocessor, respectively. A new trajectory tracking algorithm for the motor controllers was devised employing pre-generated off-line trajectory data. Also, a 3-D simulator based on the OpenGL software to simulate the motion of the robot arm was developed. To validate the performance of the robot system, experiments to track a specified trajectory were performed.     

Development of a motion simulator for testing a mobile surveillance robot

A 6-axis motion simulator has been developed, in order to regenerate UGV (unmanned ground vehicle) motion and to test the stabilization system of the mobile surveillance robot that is mounted on the UGV. For developing the 6-axis motion simulator, a simulation-based design procedure was introduced. The 3D geometric model of the motion simulator was created by using 3D CAD modeler ProE. The multibody dynamics model of the motion simulator has also been created by using the general purpose dynamic analysis program ADAMS to validate the design of the motion simulator. Dynamics and control co-simulation model for the motion simulator has been also established for control performance analyses. Actual hardware of the motion simulator has been fabricated based on the proposed simulation based design. Hardware test of the motion simulator has been tried to validate the design. This paper was presented at the 4th Asian Conference on Multibody Dynamics(ACMD2008), Jeju, Korea, August 20–23, 2008. Oskar Wallrapp was awarded a Ph.D. degree in Mechanical Engineering at the Technical University of Berlin, Germany in 1989. Dr. Wallrapp is currently a Professor in the Department of Precision and Micro Engineering, Muenchen University of Applied Science, Munich, Germany. His research interests are mechanism analysis and design, robotics, and bio-mechanics. Sung-Soo Kim received a Ph.D. degree in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Iowa in 1988. Dr. Kim is currently a Professor in the Department of Mechatronics Engineering at Chungnam National University in Daejeon, Korea. His research interests are real-time multibody formulation and its application to the automotive systems and military robot systems.     

机器人虚拟示教编程系统的设计及研究

介绍了一种新型的机器人虚拟示教编程方法，该方法结合了机器人示教编程和离线编程的特点，利用虚拟现实技术，在离线编程的基础上引入示教再现的功能。这将增进机器人编程的可操作性和直观性，从而有利于机器人技术在实际生产中的应用与推广。     

Integrated management of a bishuttle FMS using a discrete/ stochastic simulator

This paper provides a demonstration of the culmination of research which has been undertaken by the authors for a period of nearly 20 years. Specifically, the work presented here has been carried out in collaboration with Mandelli SpA, one of the leaders in FMS production in Italy. The paper ooutlines the complete use of an off-line FMS simulator originally realized in Fortran 77 and implemented on an IBM PS/2-80. The FMS simulation examines the system's efficiency both prior to and following improvements made in scheduling and managing mannedand unmanned working shifts, resulting in great improvements in system utilization.     

基于面向对象的机器人离线编程和图形仿真系统的研究

介绍了机器人离线编程的主要特点；分析了PUMA560机器人的作业和行为特点；针对原系统存在的不足，提出并开发了一个基于面向对象的离线编程和图形仿真系统。该系统提供了友好的图形用户界面，用OpenGL进行了机器人及其工作环境的三维图形仿真。     

基于DXF文件的工业机器人离线编程系统研究

分析当前工业机器人在线编程和离线编程存在的缺点,针对自主研发工业机器人的需求,设计工业机器人离线编程系统,实现了工业机器人通过CAD图纸就能够完成相应的加工,并在自主研发的工业机器人上稳定运行,具有一定的实用价值.     

An off-line robot-programming system with graphics simulation

This paper describes an experimental off-line robot-programming system. This integrated robot-programming system, PC-R, was designed to be independent of the robot as well as to provide off-line graphics simulation of the work situation so that evaluation of the performance could be done rapidly. PC-R comprises several modules, including (a) a robot language compiler; (b) a graphics simulator for modelling the robot and its work environment; (c) a solid-modeller based on the CSG scheme using the technique of ray tracing for solid analysis and visualisation, which interfaces with the simulator and performs interference analysis of the robot programs; and (d) a link to the industrial robot ASEA IRB-6. This ASEA link module is capable of manoeuvring the robot according to the robot programs in real time as well as saving the sequence of robot movements to the robot-controller for later playback execution by the robot.     

座舱盖打磨下料机器人离线编程仿真

尝试通过机器人离线编程技术来解决座舱盖复杂曲面机器人打磨下料轨迹难以获取的难题,重点介绍了利用Tecnomatix PS辅助机器人离线编程的方法。首先运用SolidWorks三维建模技术建立机器人工况模型以模拟打磨机器人的工作环境,同时结合Tecnomatix PS的虚拟仿真技术实现了打磨机器人的离线编程和仿真,最终得到离线程序。基于Tecnomatix PS的编程作为整体离线编程方法的一部分,通过验证,其输出结果能够满足后续编程步骤的需求。     

肉类加工机器人的发展现状和应用展望

肉类加工机器人是一种新型的特种机器人。本文概述了它的发展现状、存在的问题 ,展望了它的发展趋势 ,并介绍了上海大学正在研制的禽类加工机器人系统。肉类加工机器人虽然已经在一些项目上得到了初步应用 ,但是其大规模应用还有待进一步研究     

基于VRML-JAVA的机器人运动仿真研究

随着微机性能的提高 ,虚拟现实仿真已能在微机上进行。本文对运用VRML JAVA技术在微机上进行机器人运动仿真进行了研究 ,提出了运用CAD软件造型来构造虚拟环境 ,然后用JAVA EAI接口控制虚拟机器人运动的方法 ,在此基础上对S70 0工业机器人进行了建模和运动仿真。结果表明在微机上实现一个跨平台、网络化的仿真平台是完全可行的 ,这样的系统将可应用于机器人离线规划和编程及可视化教学等领域。     

工业机器人的应用研究

介绍了工业机器人的发展历程、应用现状,并对工业机器人技术的未来发展趋势做出了展望。随着经济和科学技术的不断发展,生产自动化、智能化已经成为了社会发展的必然趋势,由更加智能的生产工具来代替人工进行生产也成为了生产力发展的必然要求,为了满足日益增长的生产力需求,在此前提下工业机器人应运而生。随着工业机器人技术的不断发展,工业机器人已经开始广泛的应用于社会生产的各个领域。     

复杂曲面工件的超声无损检测系统研制

为了实现大型复杂曲面工件的自动化缺陷检测,开发了超声无损检测机器人系统.论述了复杂曲面工件的超声检测原理、检测机器人系统模型、分布式的系统控制模式.工件检测试验表明,该系统具有较好的稳定性、可靠性,检测精度高、效率高,能达到工业生产的要求,在大型复杂曲面工件的超声检测中有良好的应用前景.     

机器人离线编程系统运动误差分析

在ADAMS平台上对HP6机器人进行虚拟环境下的运动仿真,并通过Matlab建立机器人所识别的脉冲数据与各关节转角数据的关系.通过对ADAMS平台下虚拟机器人与真实机器人的运动精度进行误差分析与补偿,开展对转换误差的定性与定量研究,为优化离线编程系统转换精度提供一定的依据.     

A method for off-line compensation of cutting force-induced errors in robotic machining by tool path modification

Industrial robots are promising cost-effective and flexible alternatives for multi-axis milling applications in machining of complex parts of light materials with lower tolerances, having freeform surfaces. As it is well-known, the poor accuracy, stiffness, and the complexity of programming are the most important limiting factors for wider adoption of robotic machining in machine shops. The paper presents the developed method for off-line compensation of machining robot tool tip static displacements as a dominant part of cutting force-induced errors. The developed method is based on modification of programmed trajectory in G-code. Off-line modification of programmed trajectory is performed according to the predicted static tool tip displacements calculated based on developed robot compliance model and cutting forces predicted by mechanistic model. The obtained experimental results show the relevance of developed method since the machining errors could be significantly reduced. This allows the desired accuracy of robot machining to converge towards nominal specifications.     

汽车零部件点焊柔性工作站的仿真应用

论述了Process Simulate仿真技术在汽车零部件点焊工作站开发中的应用,详细介绍了建模流程、仿真运动分析和离线编程。利用Process Simulate仿真平台,进行精确的布局优化、焊枪干涉检查和夹具优化,保证机器人工作站后期实施的可行性。详述了机器人焊接路径优化与离线编程技术。实际应用表明:Process Simulate仿真技术可以保证焊接工作站开发与实施的可行性、高效性和安全性,提高生产效率。     

基于ODE的四足机器人仿真平台研究

将虚拟样机搭建定义为两步运算,提出了利用ODE引擎进行机器人仿真平台设计开发的方法。设计并实现了的四足机器人仿真平台,在仿真平台上进行了四足机器人的步行仿真实验,验证了基于ODE引擎的机器人仿真平台开发方法的有效性和简便性。     

激光焊接机器人离线编程分析与实现

在分析激光焊接工艺要求之后得出激光焊接机器人的位姿要求.重点阐述了激光焊接机器人离线编程过程中位姿的求解原理以及求解过程,利用UG软件二次开发工具UG Open Grip实现了机器人位姿的求解,结合KUKASim软件实现了激光焊接机器人的离线编程和仿真.     

贴片机棘轮送料器械设计

贴片机是现代电子产品生产线中的关键设备,送料器是SMT生产线上将元件由料带送至吸嘴口的设备,一般安装在送料车上,此设备的精度直接影响整条生产线的生产效率。在气动式贴片机送料器的设计过程中,采用杆组设计理论逐一完成各功能部件的机构设计,给出了要完成预定运动轨迹各零件间需满足的尺寸关系,同时对关键机构进行运动精度分析,并运用SolidWorks三维软件进行虚拟装配设计,为送料器的实际生产提供了数学模型。该设计简单,紧凑且精度较高,易于实现系列化生产。