YBCO覆膜导体低成本制备研究

报道新近发展的离子束结构改性(ISM)技术以及同步织构(STEX)技术在YBCO覆膜导体制备中的最新进展。采用TFA-MOD工艺成功的在LaAlO_3(100)衬底上制备出了临界电流密度高达6.5 MA/cm~2 (77K,0T)的YBCO超导薄膜,其超导转变温度接近91K;同时还在LaAlO_3(100)衬底上成功地采用溶胶-凝胶工艺制备出了具有高度外延双轴织构取向的SrTiO_3缓冲层材料;在YSZ(100)衬底上采用溶胶-凝胶工艺制备出了具有高度双轴织构取向的CeO_2缓冲层材料。随后在这两种衬底上采用TFA-MOD工艺沉积的YBCO超导薄膜也获得了超过1MA/cm~2(77K,0T)的临界电流密度。作为制备实用化YBCO超导带材的新路线,在数厘米长的IBAD-YSZ/Hastelloy金属基带模板上,采用低成本化学溶液方法依次制备出了高质量的CeO_2缓冲层和YBCO超导薄膜,获得了高达1.2MA/cm~2(77K,0T)的临界电流密度。为长超导带材的制备打下了很好的基础。提出了在金属基带上制备YBCO覆膜导体的新方法一同步织构(STEX)法。用该方法可以有效解决RABiTS方法中的金属基带热处理变软...     

Ag基底织构和表面状况对YBCO薄膜性能的影响

采用MOD方法在三种不同织构和表面状态的Ag基底上制备了YBCO薄膜,研究了Ag基底的织构和表面状态对YBCO超导薄膜的影响.在真空中退火的Ag基底上沉积的YBCO薄膜仅有c轴取向,且薄膜表面有很多平行条纹,薄膜的连接性不好,J_c不高;在氩气气氛中退火的Ag基底上沉积的YBCO薄膜,具有很强的c轴取向和良好的面内织构,J_c相对较高为1.2×10⁴A/cm²;冷轧Ag基底沉积的YBCO薄膜织构没有氩气退火的Ag基底上的强,但薄膜的表面平整,连接性好,临界电流密度最高为1.5×10⁴A/cm².     

脉冲激光法制备涂层导体YBCO超导层的研究

报道了用脉冲激光沉积技术(PLD)在CeO2/YSZ/Y2O3/NiW衬底上连续制备YBCO超导层的研究结果。分析了衬底温度、薄膜厚度和退火时间分别对YBCO的织构、表面形貌及c轴晶格常数的影响。实验发现温度较低将导致a轴晶粒的生长,薄膜太厚将引起表面形貌变差,而YBCO薄膜c轴晶格常数随退火时间的增长而减小。最终得到了高质量的YBCO涂层导体,超导转变宽度(ΔTc)为1.6K,临界电流密度(Jc)达1.3MA/cm2(77K,SF)。     

前驱液中添加聚乙烯吡咯烷酮对YBa2Cu3O7-δ膜形貌和性能的影响

用三氟乙酸金属有机物沉积(TFA-MOD)方法在LaAlO3(100)基底上生长YBa2Cu3O7-δ(YBCO)超导薄膜,研究了向前驱液中添加聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)对YBCO薄膜微结构和超导性能的影响.涂膜在氧气环境中进行200～250℃热解,再经775℃氩气环境下结晶后获得YBCO超导薄膜.在相同热处理条件下,未添加PVP的前驱液制得的YBCO薄膜临界电流密度为4050A/cm2,添加PVP的前驱液制得的YBCO薄膜临界电流密度为5800A/cm2.后者表现出较少的孔洞,较强的c轴取向,较纯的双轴织构和较高的临界电流密度.因此,向前驱液中添加PVP的化学方法可以改进YBCO涂层导体的MOD制备过程.总压,氧分压和热处理温度等工艺条件将进一步优化,以提高临界电流密度.     

超声雾化方法中两步沉积对YBCO薄膜性能的影响

用自行研制的超声雾化装置在{110}<011>织构的Ag基带上直接沉积了YBCO涂层超导薄膜, 结果发现一步沉积所得YBCO薄膜的表面有许多白色小颗粒, 而且薄膜的织构和临界电流密度都较低, 这是在900℃高温沉积过程中大量的Ag蒸发和扩散到YBCO膜层中所致. 于是本文提出分高低温两步沉积的实验方案, 即700℃先沉积15min, 再升温到900℃沉积30min, 通过SEM对薄膜表面和EDS能谱对薄膜的断面进行分析可知, 两步沉积的YBCO薄膜中Ag的含量大大降低, 而且薄膜的织构和临界电流密度得到明显改善和提高, 最后通过两步沉积制备了15cm长、临界电流密度高于10⁴A/cm²的YBCO超导薄膜.     

倾斜衬底沉积法在金属衬底上外延生长YBCO薄膜

YBa2Cu3O7-x(YBCO)镀膜导体在电力等能源领域有巨大应用前景.利用倾斜衬底沉积法在无织构的金属衬底上生长了MgO双轴织构的模板层,在这一模板层上实现了双轴织构的YBCO薄膜的外延生长.这些膜的双轴织构用X射线极图分析、φ-扫描作了测定,观测到了MgO[001]方向相对于衬底法线倾斜了31°.研究了不同缓冲层材料对YBCO外延生长的取向和双轴织构的影响,外延生长的高质量的YBCO薄膜的转变温度和临界电流密度分别达到了91K和5.5×105A/cm2的较高的值.     

氧离子束辅助激光制备具有组构的YBCO薄膜

应用氧离子束辅助准分子脉冲激光沉积薄膜技术,先在ＮｉＣｒ合金（Ｈａｓｔｅｌｌｏｙ ｃ－２７５）基底上在室温下淀积具有平面织构的钇稳锆（ＹＳＺ） 缓冲层薄膜,再在 ＹＳＺ／ＮｉＣｒ基底上在 ７５０℃下制备具有平面织构和高临界电流密度的 ＹＢａ２Ｃｕ３Ｏ７－Ｘ（ＹＢＣＯ）薄膜、 ＹＳＺ和 ＹＢＣＯ薄膜都为 ｃ－轴取向和平面织构的, ＹＳＺ（２０２）和 ＹＢＣＯ（１０３）的 Ｘ射线扫描衍射峰的全宽半峰值分别为 １８＇和 １１＇．ＹＢＣＯ薄膜的临界温度和临界电流密度分别为 ９０Ｋ（Ｒ＝０）和 ７．９ｘ１０５Ａ／ｃｍ２（７７Ｋ,零磁场）．     

不锈钢基底上离子源辅助激光制备CeO2薄膜及其结构分析

室温下在不锈钢基底上应用Ar⁺离子源辅助,准分子脉冲激光沉积了CeO₂薄膜．研究结果表明：在合适的工艺条件下,直接在不锈钢基底上可以制备出c轴取向的CeO₂薄膜,但这时的CeO₂薄膜在其a－b平面内没有观察到织构的信息;进一步在相同的条件下,首先在不锈钢基底上制备一层YSZ（Yttria－StabilizedZirconia）,再在YSZ／不锈钢上制备CeO₂薄膜,实验结果显示出这时的CeO₂薄膜不但是c轴取向,同时在其a－b平面内织构．CeO₂（202）射线φ扫描图给出其全宽半峰值为20°     

低氟MOD法制备Zr掺杂YBCO薄膜的研究

在金属有机盐沉积（MOD）法制备YBCO薄膜的工艺中, 采用无F的α甲基丙烯酸铜取代原来的三氟乙酸铜, 可以降低前驱溶液中大约50%的氟含量. 研究表明, 该方法大大缩短了YBCO前驱薄膜受热分解的时间, 仅为原来的1/7. 通过XRD、SEM分析发现, 该方法可以制备成分单一、具有良好立方织构的YBCO薄膜, 且薄膜表面平整致密, 没有裂纹, 临界温度(T_c)达到了90K左右, 77K、自场下的临街电流密度(J_c)达到了2.84MA/cm². 通过在制备的YBCO薄膜中引入6mol% 的 Zr元素掺杂, 有效地提高了YBCO薄膜在外加磁场下的超导性能.     

银基带及YBCO高温超导薄膜的织构研究

通过温轧及退火制备了强立方织构的Ag基带,并通过冷轧及退火制备了强的{110}双轴织构的Ag基带,为高温涂层超导提供了很好的基带材料.在所制备的强立方织构和强{110}〈112〉双轴织构的银带上,用准分子脉冲激光方法直接沉积了YBCO超导薄膜.{110}<211〉双轴织构的银带较立方织构的银带更利于YBCO薄膜的外延生长,在{110},211〉双轴织构的银带上沉积的YBCO薄膜,临界电流值达到2～6×105A/cm2(77K,0T).     

Observations of infrared bands of asymmetrical ozone isotopologues 16O16O18O and 16O18O18O

Infrared spectra (0.003 cm(-1) resolution) of 16O16O18O and 16O18O18O ozone isotopologues have been recorded and analyzed in the range 600-5000 cm(-1). Several thousand rovibrational lines belonging to 32 absorption bands have been measured and assigned. An accurate determination of band centers through the rovibrational analysis has been done, 12 bands being observed for the first time to our knowledge. In addition to atmospheric retrieval applications, these results are also useful for a validation of potential energy surfaces and for the study of isotope effects in dynamic processes of ozone.     

Some physical properties of V2O5-Fe2O3 and V2O5-Fe2O3-Li2O systems

Various methods have been used to study the physical properties of the V₂O₅-Fe₂O₃ and V₂O₅-Fe₂O₃-Li₂O systems, including X-ray, electron microscope, Mössbauer effect, NMR and thermogravimetric measurements. The iron ions are approximately equally distributed in substitutional and interstitial sites in the V₂O₅ lattice. The maximum number of iron ions dissolved in the V₂O₅ matrix corresponds to 4 mol % Fe₂O₃. In all the samples a quantity of Fe₂O₃ which has not been included in lattice is observed. The V₂O₅-Fe₂O₃ and V₂O₅-Fe₂O₃-Li₂O systems are formed from solid solutions mixed with very small Fe₂O₃ particles. The analysis of the charge compensation of iron ions suggests that V₂O₅ is a quasi-amorphous semiconductor. Irradiation of V₂O₅-based samples with an electron beam induces the V₂O₅ platelets to convert to the VO _x phase.     

Structural studies of some V2O5-P2O5-B2O3-Fe2O3 glass systems

X-ray diffraction and infrared measurements were performed on vanadium borophosphate glass containing different amounts of iron ranging from 0–7.5 mol % and heat treated at 300 °C for various times. The structure and phase separation could be determined for each glass composition. V₂O₅ was the main precipitated phase in all heat-treated samples, and its amount was dependent on the heat-treatment time and Fe₂O₃ content. Also FeP was detected in samples heat treated for 24 h. The infrared measurements showed the presence of both V⁴⁺ and V⁵⁺. The symmetry of V₂O ₇ ⁴⁻ and VO ₄ ³⁻ groups was found to increase with increasing Fe₂O₃ content. It was also found that some PO₄ changed to BO₃, forming a non-bridging oxygen.     

Alteration of amorphous Bi4Ge3O12 by Tl2O and Na2O

Ternary thallium and sodium bismuth germanate glasses were prepared and their densities refractive indices, and infra-red spectra obtained. The effect of univalent cations on the stability of the arrangement of decoupled GeO₄ tetrahedra in amorphous Bi₄Ge₃O₁₂ was compared with the effect of divalent cations. The molar volumes of glasses with the nominal mol% composition 20 M₂O(MO).20 Bi₂O₃.60 GeO₂ are directly related to the size and charge type of M^z+. However, the molar volumes of such glasses are inversely related to the ionic potential (z/r) of M^z+. The infra-red spectra of these ternary glasses exhibitv _Ge?O shifts that reflect the presence of both isolated and small clusters of GeO₄ tetrahedra compared to amorphous Bi₄Ge₃O₁₂. This slight increase in the degree of polymerization appears to be directly related to the ionic potential of M^z+.     

Plasma spraying of Al2O3 and Al2O3Y2O3

A microstructural study has been carried out of plasma-sprayed Al₂O₃ and mixed and sintered Al₂O₃Y₂O₃. In order to ascertain the degree of metastability achieved by plasma spraying, these results are compared with a similar experiment utilizing a CO₂ laser for melting and the hammer-and-anvil technique for quenching of the same materials. X-ray diffraction methods were used to determine the obtained phases and crystal structures. In addition, transmission electron microscopy was used to confirm the phases present and to study their morpology. The porosity was studied with both mercury intrusion porosimetry and small angle neutron scattering. The addition of Y₂O₃ is shown to decrease the porosity from 15% to 7.5%. Adhesion is likewise related to the addition of Y₂O₃ and it is seen that adhesion of the mixture is measurably improved over that of pure Al₂O₃. The implication of these results is discussed.