白光LED对直下式TV背光色域的影响

白光LED背光源具有光学特性好、功耗低、寿命长、对比度高、驱动系统简便等优势,但并不是所有的LED产品都适合做背光光源。研究了液晶面板和不同的白光LED产品对色域的影响,指出只有通过选择适当波长的LED和与之相匹配的彩膜,才能得到较高的色彩还原性。一般照明用二波段LED产品由于形成混合峰,相互之间的制约使得其最高只能达到75.2%的NTSC色域;而对三波段LED产品,三波峰相对独立,故能实现较高的84.2%色域。     

双通道PWM的冷暖白光LED混色模型研究

LED光色度的动态调节是实现智能照明的基础, 采用冷暖白光LED和双通道脉冲宽度调制(PWM)法,基于1931CIE标准建立混合光源模型,推导出混合光源色坐标、相关色温 、最大亮度、显色指数与双通道调制脉冲 占空比比值的关系式。采用暖白光(色温3282 K)和冷白光(色温12930K)两种白光LED进行 混色实验, 通过微控制器输出PWM信号控制LED驱动电源,改变冷色光和暖色光的比重,得到的混合 光源色坐 标、最大亮度、相关色温及显色指数值与理论计算值吻合很好,证明了理论模型的正确性。 理论和实验结 果还表明,混合光源在双通道调制脉冲占空比比值为1的附近可得到低色温、高显色性和大 光通量的混合白光。     

用于TFT-LCD的大功率LED侧式背光系统

用蓝光激发黄色荧光粉发出的1W大功率白光LED作为TFT-LCD背光光源,LED左右两侧各12个以13.2mm等间距排列;采用由反射率为95%的反射镜构成的光学腔代替传统复杂的导光系统进行导光,仅仅用反射镜将LED发出的光导入液晶面板底部,减少了背光结构的复杂程度;利用光学模拟软件Tracepro对设计的侧式背光系统的LED阵列位置及反射镜位置等参数进行模拟优化,设计了可应用于26.4cm(10.4in)TFT-LCD的大功率白光LED侧式背光源系统。经过优化的背光系统,其亮度均匀性和光利用率分别达到87%和74%,背光系统的几何尺寸为292mm×164mm×20mm。     

改善显示品质的直下式LED背光技术

通过理论分析,在窄色域液晶屏的背光中选择合适谱线的RGB三基色LED背光,可以将显示器的色域从40%提升至70%。试验结果与理论相符合,但是三基色直下式背光的混光比为1.3∶1,比全白灯背光的1∶1大。在三基色LED背光中加入LED白灯,能够降低混光比。白光灯的亮度逐步增加时,色域会降低。当色域从70.2%下降到63.7%时,白灯发出的亮度占总亮度的30%,混光比也降低为1.1∶1。     

两基色、三基色和荧光粉转换白光LED配色研究

根据色度学基本原理,对荧光粉转换白光发光二极管(LED)和两基色、三基色白光LED进行了配色计算,得到了距离理想白光点色度坐标(1/3,1/3)小于0.5%范围内的众多基色组合,同时对光视效能、显色指数和荧光粉转换效率等参数进行了分析,提出了荧光粉转换白光LED和两基色、三基色白光LED的最佳基色组合,并在实验上对荧光粉转换白光LED进行了验证。     

LED背光对LCD色彩的影响

通过试验研究了不同驱动电流下LED背光透过液晶器件时TFT-LCD白色色度坐标在驱动电流影响下的变化规律、LCD的红绿蓝3色辉度以及LCD色域与驱动电流变化的关系。实验结果表明液晶屏平均亮度和液晶屏中心RGB亮度随驱动电流呈线性变化,而液晶屏中心色域值几乎与驱动电流变化无关。     

发光二极管的色度分析

主要对蓝光、绿光、白光LED的色度特性进行分析,首先通过单色仪,分别测得蓝光、绿光、白光LED的相对光谱功率分布并以色度学理论为基础,计算出光源主波长、色纯度、色温和显色指数.计算结果表明:蓝光LED和绿光LED主波长随标准光源的不同变化不大,色纯度比较高,分别在0.64和0.87左右,一般显色指数为-29和-14,显色性很差,不适合用来做照明光源.白光LED主波长随标准光源的不同变化较大,色纯度相当低,接近0,一般显色指数为82,显色性很好,完全符合照明光源的要求.     

LED背光对LCD色彩的影响

研究LED背光对液晶器件色彩的影响和CSTN及TFT—LCD白色色度坐标的变化规律，以及LCD的红、绿、蓝三色受LED背光的影响规律及色彩还原性的变化，并对背光发光光谱和液晶屏的透过光谱进行了测量比较。     

荧光粉发光层对白光LED平面光源发光特性的影响

以COB形式封装的白光LED平面光源为研究对象,系统研究了平面封装结构中荧光层对白光LED平面光源发光特性的影响.采用丝网印刷法制备了不同浓度与印刷层数的荧光层,并采用平面封装的LED蓝光光源作为激发光源,以类比法研究分析了不同发光层膜厚对白光平面光源平均照度、色坐标和光通量等参数的影响,系统地阐述了发光层对平面光源发光性能的决定因素及工艺优化条件.结果表明,当荧光粉浆料浓度为46％～53.6％,厚度为20～38 μm时,结合平面蓝光LED激发可以获得照度大、颜色纯正的白光LED光源,且白光LED平面光源具有较高的光通量值,表现出优良的光学特性.     

LED显示屏的色域校正

LED发光在亮度和色度上有一定的离散性,会明显降低LED显示屏的图像质量。文章给出了一种色域校正方法,能在改善LED显示屏的亮度、色度均匀性的同时,确定LED显示屏的显示色域。建立了LED显示屏显示颜色的线性数学模型,对LED显示屏色域校正的目标色域进行了分析,给出了将LED屏幕所有显示像素的显示色域范围校正到目标色域的方法,并通过"白平衡"来实现对颜色色坐标的精确控制。实验结果显示,该方法可以将LED显示屏显示色域精确校正到目标色域。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.