热致液晶高分子聚酯醚砜及其共混物变行为的研究

利用平板流变仪及熔融指数仪研究了一种新型热致液晶高分子材料酯醚砜（ＰＥＥＳ０的流变行为，测定了该聚合物的熔体粘度－温度，粘度－剪切速率关系。以及聚合物的熔融指数－温度关系。实验结果表明，该聚合物具有热致液晶的流变特性。同时研究了该液晶聚合物与含酚酞基的降芳醚砜（ＰＥＳ－Ｃ）组成的不同组分含量的原位复合材料在３６０℃下的熔融指数变化，表明该液晶聚合物能降低ＰＥＳ－Ｃ的熔体粘度，进一步说明此液晶聚合物     

PES与热致液晶高分子共混物的流变性能

研究了ＰＥＳ与热致液晶聚合物（ＬＣＰ）ＨＢＡ／ＰＥＴ（６０／４０）共混物的转矩流变和剪切流变性能。加入２％～５％ＨＢＡ／ＰＥＴ（６０／４０）可使ＰＥＳ熔体在低剪切速率下的表观粘度下降２～４倍。共混物的粘流活化能也低于纯ＰＥＳ的活化能。加入少量ＬＣＰ（５％以下）可望大大改善ＰＥＳ的加工性能。     

SPES-C与PI共混材料膜的气体除湿性能

以浓硫酸为磺化试剂对聚芳醚砜（ＰＥＳ－Ｃ）进行了磺化改性，得到一系列磺化度不同的产物。采用磺化聚芳醚砜（ＳＰＥＳ－Ｃ）与可溶性聚酰亚胺（ＰＩ）的共混材料制备中空纤维用于空气除湿，研究了磺化度及不同的操作条件对膜除湿性能的影响。结果表明，磺化度适当的ＳＰＥＳ－Ｃ与ＰＩ共混体系不但具有良好的成膜性能，而且膜对水蒸汽具有很高的脱除能力，在操作压力较低（０．２５ＭＰａ）的情况下除湿率可达９５％以上。同时，提高回扫比和操作压力在一定范围内也可以改善这类膜的除湿性能。     

磺化聚芳醚砜与可溶性聚酰亚胺共混材料制备气体除湿膜

在不同反应条件下制备了一系列磺化聚芳醚砜（ＳＰＥＳ－Ｃ）样品，采用磺化程度较高的产物与可溶性聚酰亚胺（ＰＩ）进行共混并纺制成中空纤维膜，研究了磺化条件对材料磺化程度、共混相容性及成膜性能的影响，通过测试膜对空气中水蒸汽的脱除效果得到了一些规律性的结论。     

新型环氧端基聚芳醚砜的合成及表征

以４,４′－二氯二苯砜和４－（４－羟基苯基）－２,３－二氮杂萘-1-酮为原料,经亲核取代逐步聚合反应制分子主链中含二氮杂萘酮结构的聚芳醚砜低聚物（ＰＰＥＳ）,然后与环氧氯丙烷反应制得所需分子量的含环氧端基的聚代醚砜（Ｅ－ＰＰＥＳ）。用ＦＴ－ＩＲ和^1H-NMR表达了分子链结构,考察了不同的反应温度、反应时间和反应单体配比对环氧化效果的影响,并测试了聚合物的溶解性能。     

酚酞型聚芳醚腈砜的合成与性能研究

以酚酞、２，６二卤苯甲腈、４，４’，二氯二苯砜和４，４’，二羟基二苯砜为主要原料进行共缩聚反应，合成了酚酞型聚芳醚腈砜（ＰＰ－ＰＥＮＳ）。采用红外光谱、热分析等方法对共聚物的结构、热氧稳定性和玻璃化转变温度进行了表征，并对酚酞结构单元含量和腈基含量对聚芳醚腈砜性能的影响进行了讨论     

热致液晶性纤维素芳族酯的制备及其对PET结晶成核作用的研究

以棉纤维为原料，制备了一种纤维素芳族酯（ＣＡＥ）。用ＦＴ－ＩＲ表征了ＣＡＥ的化学结构，用ＤＳＣ及热台偏光显微观察证实了ＣＡＥ具有热致液晶性，液晶态温度范围为２１０～２８０℃。结晶速度测试表明，ＣＡＥ对ＰＥＴ有明显的成核和促进结晶作用。     

含二氮杂萘结构聚醚砜酮酮的合成及表征

以１，４－二（４－氯代苯甲酰基）苯及４，４＇－二氯二苯砜单体与４－（４－羟基苯基）－２，３－二 氮杂萘－１－酮单体经来核取代反应，合成了一系列分子主链中含有Ｃ－Ｎ键的杂环聚醚砜酮酮三元共聚物 ＰＰＥＳＫＫ，用 ＦＴ－ＩＲ、１Ｈ－ＮＭＲ、ＤＳＣ、 ＴＧＡ、 Ｘ射线衍射等方法对共聚物进行了表征，结 果表明，ＰＰＥＳＫＫ为具有高热稳定性的可溶性无规共聚物，巨随着砜基比例的增加，共聚物玻璃化温度 逐渐升高     

热致液晶性纤维素芳族酯的制备及其对PET结晶成核作…

以棉纤维为原料，制备了一种纤维素芳族酯（ＣＡＥ）。用ＦＴ－ＩＲ表征了ＣＡＥ的化学结构，用ＤＳＣ及热台偏光显微观察证实了ＣＡＥ具有热致液晶性，液晶态温度范围为２１０￣２８０℃。结晶速度测试表明，ＣＡＥ对ＰＥＴ有明显的成核和促进结晶作用。     

PEK－C、LCP及其共混物的流动性能

研究了含酚酞聚苯醚酮（ＰＥＫ－Ｃ）、液晶聚合物（ＬＣＰ）及其共混物的流动性能，测定了ηａ－γ曲线及流动活化能（△Ｅ）。结果表明，（１）ＰＥＫ－Ｃ、ＬＣＰ及其共混物均属假塑性流体；（２）ＬＣＰ可增加ＰＥＫ－Ｃ的流动性；（３）它们的粘度均随温度的升高而降低；（４）共混物的△Ｅ随ＬＣＰ含量的增加而下降。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.     

新闻(英文)

正China and Greece Sign the Standardization Cooperation Agreement Witnessed by Chinese Premier Li Keqiang and Greek Prime Minister Antonis Samaras,AQSIQ Minister Zhi Shuping and ELOT Chairman and Executive Director Angelos Tolkas signed the SAC-ELOT Standardization Cooperation Agreement.The Agreement is one of the critical cooperation documents signed during Li Keqiang’s visit in Greece,encouraging China and Greece to