基于可接受区域风险的化工园区安全容量评估模型研究(英文)

The paper defines the Safety Capacity of Chemical Industrial Park (SCCIP) from the perspective of acceptable regional risk. For the purpose of exploring the evaluation model for the SCCIP, a method based on quantitative risk assessment was adopted for evaluating transport risk and to confirm reasonable safety transport capacity of chemical industrial park, and then by combining with the safety storage capacity, a SCCIP evaluation model was put forward. The SCCIP was decided by the smaller one between the largest safety storage capacity and the maximum safety transport capacity, or else, the regional risk of the park will exceed the acceptable level. The developed method was applied to a chemical industrial park in Guangdong province to obtain the maximum safety transport capacity and the SCCIP. The results can be realized in the regional risk control of the park effectively.     

Evaluation of chemical laboratory safety based on student comprehension of chemicals labelling

A questionnaire regarding the hazard labelling of a series of chemicals found in several laboratories in the Department of Food Technology, at The Technological Educational Institution of Thessaloniki, Greece, was answered by students and laboratory staff. On an average, only one out of four students matched all the chemicals in the questionnaire with the respective hazard labels; the percentage of wrong answers for chemicals included in the curriculum was comparable to the percentage of wrong answers for chemicals not-taught. The analysis of the answers indicates that the traditional teaching of safe-handling and hazard-labelling is inadequate, and there is a need for more effective teaching methods to improve the awareness of labelling and the safe handling of chemical substances.     

化工园区Na-Tech风险定量评价方法

自然灾害引发的技术灾害（Na-Tech）对工业设施及生产设备带来了风险,加上化工园区聚集着大量危险化学品,这种耦合风险的扩大效应极易造成园区及周围区域的巨大经济损失和人员伤亡,因此化工园区Na-Tech事故逐渐受到广泛关注。本文通过对化工园区多灾种耦合风险影响因素进行辨识,分析耦合风险系统结构及作用机理,建立耦合风险系统结构模型与耦合风险演化模型,提出地震灾害引发的Na-Tech事故中设备泄漏概率模型;以某化工园区为例,应用耦合风险模型及设备泄漏概率模型,利用QRA软件对多灾种耦合下化工园区风险进行定量评价,对比传统工业灾害和地震灾害下个人风险和社会风险,得出地震灾害对化工园区风险影响,为化工园区多灾种耦合风险研究提供理论与方法支撑。     

面向化工园区的知识产权建设研究

随着中国经济进入新常态,创新驱动成为未来中国经济的唯一出路。化工园区所承载的产业是中国经济产业的重要组成部分,如何利用知识产权推动化工园区的创新与产业升级是本文的研究目的。本文以国家创新推动产业升级的大战略为重要背景面向化工园区的知识产权建设进行了研究,指出我国石油化工企业不仅在专利申请量上落后于国外,在专利质量和运用方面也远不如。提出在化工园区专利布局方面,作为园区的政府部门,应具有全局观,建立一套符合化工园区的知识产权管理制度;作为化工园区的管理者,应根据园区的产业链制订专利布局策略;作为化工园区的企业,更要重视将专利技术和产业连接。最后在化工园区专利转化方面,提出通过解决专利本身价值问题以及专利供需双方信息对接问题,有效对专利进行转化,真正推动化工园区的产业升级。     

Robustness analysis of chemical process systems based on complex network non-linear load capacity model

In the complex network of chemical process systems, if a node fails, it may trigger cascading failures and affect normal operation. To enhance the ability of chemical process systems to maintain normal operation after the cascading failure, this paper presents cascading failure modelling and robustness analysis of chemical process systems based on the complex network non-linear load capacity model. First, based on complex network theory, a complex network model of the chemical process is constructed; then, three cascading failure models are constructed using a combination of linear and non-linear load capacity models and initial load and initial residual capacity redistribution strategies; and finally, the nodes with the maximum node degree are deliberately attacked to analyze the robustness of the chemical process system in response to cascading failure. The case study shows that the proposed models are valid and feasible, and the robustness of the chemical process system is enhanced as the load and capacity parameters are increased. By reasonably setting the initial load and adjusting the model parameters, the robustness can be effectively improved, providing a theoretical reference for improving the robustness of the actual chemical process system in response to cascading failure.     

基于多米诺效应的化工园区储罐区池火灾风险分析

对化工园区储罐区中因池火灾而引发的多米诺效应及其后果进行了相应阐述,利用VB6.0编写了多米诺效应分析程序,对不同距离、不同化学品储量和不同作用时间下池火灾多米诺效应的发生概率进行了计算和分析,为化工园区储罐区的合理布局、灾害预警以及化工园区的风险评估提供了一定的依据。     

工业园区建设项目安全评价初探

介绍了工业园区的特点以及存在的安全隐患,探讨建立工业园区安全评价体系的必要性和可行性。通过工业园区安全评价体系的分析和研究,将为工业园区的选址、实现布局的合理性、工业园区的项目准入制建立可靠的保障,对促进工业园区可持续发展有着十分重要的意义。     

斑马鱼模型评价BCG-CpG-DNA的安全性

目的用斑马鱼模型对BCG-CpG-DNA进行安全性评价。方法以斑马鱼胚胎为实验材料,将BCG-CpG-DNA设置4个浓度组(0.15、1.5、15、75 mg/L),暴露斑马鱼,以胚胎培养液暴露为空白对照组,以三甲基氯化锡(TMT)和全氟辛烷磺酸盐(PFOS)暴露为阳性对照组,胚胎期6 hp(f受精后6 h)脱膜,8 hpf进行暴露毒性实验,研究其对斑马鱼发育、遗传、免疫以及行为的毒性影响。每组做3个重复,试验重复3次。结果未观察到BCG-CpG-DNA各浓度组的斑马鱼胚胎明显的畸形和孵化死亡情况,其自主运动、触摸运动、行为检测、免疫强度检测与空白对照组相比,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。TMT对照组暴露对斑马鱼生长、发育、免疫及其神经等均有不同程度的影响,导致心胞肿大,对光暗刺激反应敏感,相对荧光强度明显增强,嗜中性粒细胞数量增多,对炎症的敏感性增强,与空白对照组相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 BCG-CpG-DNA暴露对斑马鱼生长、发育、免疫及其神经均无明显的急性毒性作用,在斑马鱼的胚胎暴露中具有较好的安全性。     

加强水泥工厂劳动安全卫生的设计和管理

水泥工厂劳动安全和职业卫生的设计和管理是水泥企业必须引起重视的一个问题。在水泥生产过程中，影响从业人员劳动安全和职业卫生的因素较多，造成了对从业人员的伤害。只有重视和加强管理，贯彻落实“以预防为主”的方针才能保障安全生产和保护职工的身体健康。     

化工园区混合化工废水集中处理技术探讨

分析了镇江市某化工园区废水集中处理中存在的问题并对废水处理技术改造进行了探讨,化工废水处理技术改造中的设计思路主要包括两方面:一是加强对园区内企业的监管,二是针对污水厂内现有处理单元存在的问题,通过强化预处理、生物处理和增加深度处理等措施,保证出水达标。技术改造后,出水达到江苏省地方标准DB 32/939—2006《化学工业主要水污染物排放标准》中一级标准的要求。     

基于风险分析的性能化安全设计方法研究

通过借鉴广泛应用于消防领域的性能化设计思想和方法,针对企业建构筑防火间距不足的问题,本文提出了基于风险分析的性能化安全设计的思想、方法和设计流程等内容,后以某石油储备库为例应用该理论进行性能化安全设计。设计过程包括：确定设计范围为不满足规范要求罐组区内的设备、储存物质和相关人员等;辨识出主要危险因素为火灾、爆炸;根据主要危险因素的结构重要度的分析结果确定了性能化设计的功能指标;根据功能指标增加了高自动化措施、水幕喷淋设施等额外的性能化安全设计措施;最后使用定量方法计算性能化安全设计之后的系统风险值,评估得到性能化安全设计后的系统风险值小于规范防火间距要求下系统的风险值,性能化安全设计满足预期目标。     

基于水泥生产企业危险因素分析的安全管理策略研究

采用PHA分析法对水泥生产企业危险有害因素进行了全面分析评价。在此基础上,提出了基于水泥生产企业危害因素分析的安全管理策略。该体系的建立可以进一步提高企业的安全管理水平,对水泥生产企业安全生产管理具有一定指导意义。     

基于大数据的信用风控在化工行业的应用研究

大数据风控是互联网大数据技术和风险管控相结合的一种新型风控管理方法。随着技术的快速发展,大数据已经在各个领域存在广泛的用途。首先介绍了大数据和风控的相关概念和研究现状,然后具体分析了大数据在化工行业风险控制上的应用,继而分析目前化工风控管理中存在的问题。最后本文认为改善大数据在风险控制上的应用,需要首先保证数据的真实性和可靠性,其次在使用数据过程中要统一规范和标准,同时在数据使用过程中要加强监管安全,确保客户的信息安全。     

Towards the comprehension of oxygen storage processes on model three-way catalysts

CeO₂- and Ce_0.63Zr_0.37O₂-supported noble metal catalysts were studied. Samples were fully characterized using TEM, XRD, N₂ adsorption and H₂ chemisorption. The oxygen storage process was investigated focusing on the evolution as a function of temperature of both the oxygen storage capacity (OSC) and the oxygen storage complete capacity (OSCC). Aging effect on OSC was also examined in details in the case of Rh catalysts. Finally, the major role of oxygen diffusion, partly influenced by the metal/support interface quality, was confirmed.     

Effect of nanoparticles on heat capacity of nanofluids based on molten salts as PCM for thermal energy storage

In this study, different nanofluids with phase change behavior were developed by mixing a molten salt base fluid (selected as phase change material) with nanoparticles using the direct-synthesis method. The thermal properties of the nanofluids obtained were investigated. These nanofluids can be used in concentrating solar plants with a reduction of storage material if an improvement in the specific heat is achieved. The base salt mixture was a NaNO₃-KNO₃ (60:40 ratio) binary salt. The nanoparticles used were silica (SiO₂), alumina (Al₂O₃), titania (TiO₂), and a mix of silica-alumina (SiO₂-Al₂O₃). Three weight fractions were evaluated: 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 wt.%. Each nanofluid was prepared in water solution, sonicated, and evaporated. Measurements on thermophysical properties were performed by differential scanning calorimetry analysis and the dispersion of the nanoparticles was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results obtained show that the addition of 1.0 wt.% of nanoparticles to the base salt increases the specific heat of 15% to 57% in the solid phase and of 1% to 22% in the liquid phase. In particular, this research shows that the addition of silica-alumina nanoparticles has a significant potential for enhancing the thermal storage characteristics of the NaNO₃-KNO₃ binary salt. These results deviated from the predictions of the theoretical model used. SEM suggests a greater interaction between these nanoparticles and the salt.     

化工园区应急响应阶段应急救援与疏散双向路径规划

应急救援与应急疏散是化工园区应急响应过程中的两类关键性决策。在实际的应急响应中,因园区路网简单、通行能力较弱等问题很可能出现道路冲突或拥堵的情况,导致疏散失败或救援车辆无法撤离。为解决上述问题,本文提出了一种考虑智能避障的化工园区应急救援与应急疏散双向路径优化方法。构建了基于动态栅格的环境模型,针对园区内部应急响应与园区内外协同应急响应两个阶段,分别定义了不同应急响应阶段下园区内的应急救援agent、应急疏散agent、园区外进入园区的应急救援agent和园区内离开园区的应急救援agent四类agent的结构与移动规则。针对化工园区应急响应两个阶段的响应特性,提出两种智能避障模型用以避免道路冲突,建立考虑智能避障的化工园区应急响应两阶段应急救援与应急疏散双向路径规划模型。采用动态栅格法对化工园区栅格环境进行实时更新,应用Dijkstra算法对化工园区双向应急救援与应急疏散路径进行仿真优化。仿真实验结果表明,应用所提出的优化方法可分别得到化工园区应急响应两个阶段无冲突的最优双向路径,实现智能避障前提下的双向路径最短,具有较高可行性与实用价值。     

基于多源异构数据融合的化工安全风险动态量化评估方法

针对石化企业过程安全风险分析缺乏多源异构数据融合、难以解析风险动态时变机理的现状。首先基于改进的模糊Petri网建立风险动态传播模型,考虑初始事件失效、保护层失效和修正因子等参数,得到风险的实时变化概率;然后分析不同保护层失效对事故发生概率的影响,得到不同保护层的重要程度;最后,以正己烷缓冲罐溢流发生火灾爆炸事故为例进行动态风险计算,分析对比其在不同保护层失效下的事故发生概率变化,结果表明安全联锁系统对事故发生起关键作用,日常应加大对其检测力度,防止事故发生。     

Current situation and future implementation of safety curricula for chemical engineering education in France

The paper describes an overview of the curricula concerning the safety and loss prevention courses delivered in the three following French departments of chemical engineering: Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Industries Chimiques de Nancy (ENSIC), Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Ingénieurs en Arts Chimiques et Technologiques de Toulouse (ENSIACET) and Ecole Nationale Supérieure en Génie des Technologies Industrielles de Pau (ENSGTI).The arguments to introduce safety in the chemical engineering were first examined. The two main ways to teach safety, health and loss prevention concepts were then discussed. The detailed content of the courses was reported and compared with the recommendations of EFCE Bologna (I), of IChem (UK) and of Dechema GVC (D) guidelines. The proposed core compulsory curricula and the optional or elective courses were formulated according to the first and second cycle degrees European system, with the corresponding European Credit Transfer Unit (ECTU).Finally an evaluation of the safety education experimented in the three chemical engineering departments was commented. Some propositions concerning the amelioration and the future development particularly from the point of view of the ethics and social process of safety were suggested, but the challenge is strong.     

乙酸反应器安全阀泄放量的分析计算及选型

介绍了反应器安全阀可能超压的多种事故工况;结合实际工程经验,以乙酸反应器作为实例,分析计算安全阀最大泄放量,并根据泄放量对安全阀选型。     

装甲抗侵彻技术研究进展及对化工储罐保护层风险防控的借鉴

爆炸碎片对化工储罐的侵彻作用破坏性极强,储罐保护层技术作为侵彻事故风险防控的重要手段却仍处于起步阶段。典型的保护层技术,如军事装甲技术研究已经较为成熟,可为储罐保护层技术发展提供重要的借鉴意义。本文系统分析了国内外有关化工储罐保护层及军事装甲防护侵彻损伤的相关文献,指出化工储罐保护层技术研究亟待解决的问题,并参考装甲技术研究进展提出其进一步研究方向：在材料选取方面应考虑防弹金属、陶瓷以及一些新兴材料的应用及耦合设计;在结构设计方面可以采用实验及数值模拟两种方法,研究储罐保护层层数、各层厚度比、各层排列顺序、层间间隙等诸多关键参数对储罐保护层抗侵彻性能的影响。通过对侵彻事故发生概率及事故后果严重程度两方面的表征,为储罐保护层技术在爆炸碎片多米诺效应事故风险防控中的应用提供参考。