基于TRIZ理论的城市生活垃圾治理系统优化研究

城市垃圾处理是一个世界性难题,"垃圾围城"现象越来越严峻。城市生活垃圾治理系统是一个多目标,复杂不确定性,综合性的系统。利用TRIZ的基本原理和解决问题的思路,针对现有城市生活垃圾治理系统,设计基于TRIZ的城市生活垃圾流程优化模式,根据创新原理,对现有城市生活垃圾治理系统进行整合,建议采用生命周期法,高度资源化的全过程管理。     

我国城市生活垃圾的组成及其处理方法

合理规划和治理城市垃圾是城市环保的一项重要任务，分析了我国城市生活垃圾产生的现状、组成和特点，介绍了我国当前城市生活垃圾的常用处理方法及其发展方向。     

废弃物衍生燃料(RDF-5)技术发展概述

介绍了城市生活垃圾处理RMJ型垃圾衍生燃料(RDF-5)技术工艺,分析了RDF-5燃料的特性。并从能源利用,环境污染等角度,将RDF-5燃料发电与生活垃圾焚烧发电对比,简述了RDF-5技术在各国研究及应用现状。基于对北京市生活垃圾组分、热值的分析,探讨了垃圾衍生燃料(RDF-5)技术在我国城市生活垃圾处理领域的发展前景。     

燃气内燃机发电技术在城市垃圾填埋治理上的应用分析

本文结合我国城市生活垃圾填埋场的主要特点和利用现状,提出并分析了燃气内燃机发电技术在城市垃圾填埋治理利用上的可行性方案。本文主要介绍了内燃机在城市垃圾填埋治理上的垃圾填埋气发电技术系统方案及原理;并介绍了垃圾填埋气发电机组主要特点,以及产生的社会效益、经济效益和应用前景。     

美国城市生活垃圾处理现状与与趋势(中)

阐述了美国城市生活垃圾治理概况,废物治理方针,行业规模,立法与管理,执行情况,管理机构,垃圾产生量与成分,收运、回收、处理现状。     

美国城市生活垃圾处理现状与与趋势(下)

阐述了美国城市生活垃圾治理概况,废物治理方针,行业规模,立法与管理,执行情况,管理机构,垃圾产生量与成分,收运、回收、处理现状。     

美国城市生活垃圾处理现状与趋势(上)

阐述了美国城市生活垃圾治理概况,废物治理方针,行业规模,立法与管理,执行情况,管理机构,垃圾产生量与成分,收运、回收、处理现状.     

美国城市生活垃圾处理现状与趋势(中)

阐述了美国城市生活垃圾治理概况,废物治理方针,行业规模,立法与管理,执行情况,管理机构,垃圾产生量与成分,收运、回收、处理现状.     

美国城市生活垃圾处理现状与趋势(下)

阐述了美国城市生活垃圾治理概况,废物治理方针,行业规模,立法与管理,执行情况,管理机构,垃圾产生量与成分,收运、回收、处理现状.     

法国城市固体废物的管理与处理(上)

法国在城市固体废物管理和综合治理方面坚持依法管理,完善管理政策,健全管理机构,制定治理规划,选择处理工艺,稳步推进了法国垃圾废物治理与循环利用进程.     

中国特色的低碳经济、能源、电力之路初探

中国作为发展中大国,探索一条适合我国国情的低碳经济-能源-电力的发展路径是至关重要的。在过去30年中,我国在节能方面取得了巨大成就,可以概括为具有中国特色的能源使用管理,它是低碳能源的重要组成部分。综合资源战略规划与智能电网构成低碳电力。它们将在中国的低碳经济中发挥重要作用。本文结合中国国情,在低碳经济(低碳能源与低碳电力)的模型基础上,展望了未来20年我国经济发展前景、能源的需求、能源消费结构、非化石能源的比重、能耗-电耗水平、CO2排放强度,以及经济发展对电力的需求、电源的结构、清洁能源的发电比重,能效电厂及其发电量(终端电力用户节约的电量)等,分析了今后发展应关注的问题。     

中国光明工程项目背景与计划

实践证明,用风电、光电以及其他可再生能源发电是解决边远无电地区供电问题的有效手段,与延伸电网、柴油机发电相比更经济可行。中国光明工程计划是国家发展计划委员会牵头制订的,旨在利用可再生能源发电解决２３００万无电人口的用电问题。本文详细介绍了中国光明工程的背景、实施计划等。     

电网企业网格管理系统的设计和场景验证

  目的  结合电网企业网格化管理现状,分析网格化管理需求,开展网格化管理系统的设计,为电网企业开展网格化管理系统建设提供参考。  方法  为确保电网企业网格管理系统的设计合理性、成果可用性,文章首先调研电网企业网格管理现状,其次分析网格管理的需求,最后设计网格管理系统的功能架构、部署架构并挑选典型场景进行验证展示。  结果  经过调研、需求分析、初步设计等工作,网格管理系统设计成果为电网企业提升网格化管理能力提供了条件。  结论  网格管理系统在电网企业日常运营管理方面具有展示直观、管理精益化的优点,设计成果对网格管理系统的落地实现起到一定的参考和指导作用。     

Measuring global effectiveness of integrated electric energy systems

In the energy sector, significant investments were made to improve the characteristics of the existing integrated electrical system favoring the transition to a more sustainable, efficient, flexible, reliable and high quality system. Therefore, it is required to have reliable and robust metrics that try to include these concepts in the form of indicators for the KPI and its subsequent analysis. This paper addresses that problem and in order to tackle it introduces a novel methodology to measure the effectiveness of an integrated electrical system. Such methodology is based on the extension of the OEE concept to the energetic domain considering the multiple uncertain factors affecting OEE, and establishing a relation among them through the Planning Factor (PF), which relate strategic and operational concepts. In the experimental part of the paper, we have used this novel methodology to analyze and measure the effectiveness of the Spanish integrated electrical system without losing generality, and using a confidence interval of 95% an OOEE of 0.96 and SOEE of 0.652 have been obtained, which classifies the Spanish system as an advanced one. In this way, different settings or electrical systems can be compared an assessed.     

Buying and selling power in the age of competition

The American electric power industry is currently in the throes of striving for workable competition. Driven by the converging forces of deregulation, technological revolution, and evolving customer expectations, electric utilities are having to compete as never before at both the wholesale and retail levels. At times, the transition has been particularly wrenching, with some utilities going through painful internal restructuring and others being caught up in external consolidation. Increasingly, the key to success in this more competitive environment is anticipating and actively responding to the forces that are shaping the new markets for electric power. Here, the author describes how such market management is the subject of pioneering research being conducted in EPRI's Utility Resource Planning and Management Program. On the wholesale side, this research centers on the development of powerful analytical methods to support utility decisions regarding new opportunities in the bulk power market. Research on retail market management is concentrated on developing innovative price-differentiated services that can enhance the value of electricity to customers and also foster a utility's long-term financial competitiveness     

抽水蓄能电站施工现场安全文明施工三维策划应用研究

基于电网安全对稳定经济运行的重要作用,国家大力推进抽水蓄能电站的建设,"十三五"期间,将进入抽水蓄能电站建设高峰期,抽水蓄能电站施工现场点多面广,基建安全形势严峻,施工现场的安全是工程管理的核心因素[1].为了提升现场安全文明施工管理水平,其核心在于施工现场安全文明施工策划,策划的水平和可操作性决定了建筑施工过程中的安全管理的成效,而行之有效的策划应用模式成为关键.本文结合山东文登抽水蓄能电站安全文明施工三维策划管理及三维策划系统应用,解决了现有安全文明施工策划、现场安全布置、安全设施标准化等环节的局限性及不足,实现了策划的高效快捷、效果直观真切,探索出了安全文明施工策划应用的新途径.     

A review and analysis of renewable energy curtailment schemes and Principles of Access: Transitioning towards business as usual

In the last decade, the EU has driven forward the development and connection of renewable power sources across Europe. This has changed the way in which distribution networks operate, moving from a passive system, to a more active system where generation and demand are located closer together with system states being more complex and variable. Increased penetration of renewable generation into distribution networks is presenting a number of challenges to Distribution Network Operators (DNOs) including the provision of network access in capacity constrained networks. The introduction of Active Network Management (ANM) is enabling an increase in renewable generation connections through enhanced network access in otherwise ‘full’ networks.This paper presents a way in which DNOs might move towards Business as Usual (BAU) arrangements for ANM schemes. It is necessary to determine the curtailment arrangements, or Principles of Access (PoA), and from this estimate generation access under ANM and the flow of services and money for different scenarios. In this paper, a comprehensive literature review, detailed case study evaluation on early ANM schemes, quantitative curtailment assessment for different PoA and a qualitative analysis of business models for different ANM PoA is presented in turn with conclusions drawn from these three approaches.     

Low energy consumption in Swedish single-family houses

In Sweden, as well as in many other countries, the energy consumption in residential buildings is a burning question.Due to this, the thermal insulation and the tightness of new buildings gradually has been increased.A well defined ventilation is because of this even more important, and the minimum level is given in regulations prescribed by the National Board of Housing, Building and Planning.To fulfil the regulations it is almost necessary to use mechanical ventilation. Since an ordinary ventilation causes a substantial energy loss it is of vital interest to reduce this.The most efficient way of reducing the ventilation loss, is to use an exhaust air heat pump which recovers energy from the exhaust air and supplies it to heating and hot water.In Sweden there have been about 100.000 units installed in single family houses until today.The paper will describe the regulations, the ventilation system, the exhaust air heat pump and the results achieved when installed in single family houses.     

华电淄博热电机组扩建工程输煤系统设计总结

基于电力规划设计总院于2008年7月28对本工程设计的审查,完成了以下设计方案。对输煤系统各个子系统进行了充分优化,对今后的300MW级别的煤粉炉热电机组的输煤设计提供参考。     

节能对标管理

节能对标管理是运用"对标管理"原理进行的、在节能领域的管理实践。本文介绍了节能对标管理的概念和云南省重点用能企业开展节能对标管理活动的情况。2007年6月,云南省政府以云政办发[2007]145号文件下发了《云南省重点用能企业节能对标管理实施意见》,在全省年综合能耗为5000tce及以上的重点用能企业开展节能对标管理活动。