三维网络SiC多孔陶瓷增强铝基复合材料的制备

以中间相沥青添加质量分数为50%的Si粉制备的炭泡沫预制体为坯体,在高温感应烧结炉中结合反应烧结工艺制备了SiC多孔陶瓷预制体.利用挤压铸造工艺制备了SiC多孔陶瓷增强铝基复合材料.采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察了SiC多孔陶瓷骨架及复合材料的微观形貌和界面结构,通过X射线衍射分析仪(XRD)对多孔陶瓷预制体物相组成进行了分析.利用阿基米德排水法,测试了多孔陶瓷的孔隙率和复合材料的密度.结果表明:添加Si的质量分数为50%的炭泡沫预制体反应烧结后获得的SiC多孔陶瓷具有三维连续通孔结构,孔筋致密并且具有较高的开口孔隙率.通过挤压铸造工艺制备的SiC多孔陶瓷增强铝基复合材料界面结合良好,无明显缺陷.     

SiCP增强泡沫铝基复合材料的制备工艺研究

将SiC颗粒增强铝基复合材料的制备技术与泡沫铝熔体发泡技术相结合,探索了制备SiC颗粒增强泡沫铝基复合材料的工艺方法。讨论了SiC颗粒与铝基体之间存在的润湿性,界面反应以及SiC颗粒在熔体中沉降等问题,通过选择合适的合金成分,对SiC颗粒进行预处理,采用特定的搅拌和发泡等一系列工艺方案成功地予以解决。在熔体发泡过程中,通过严格控制发泡温度、搅拌速度和搅拌时间等工艺参数,制得了孔隙率基本可调,SiC颗粒和孔洞分布均匀的泡沫铝样品。     

SiC泡沫陶瓷/SiCp混杂增强Al基复合材料的性能

以SiC泡沫陶瓷和SiC颗粒(7、15、20 μm)为混合增强体,用挤压铸造法制备出SiC泡沫陶瓷/SiCp混杂增强Al基复合材料,研究了SiCp颗粒尺寸对复合材料压缩强度和弯曲性能的影响,以及金属基体的韧性对复合材料压缩行为的影响.结果表明,随着SiC颗粒尺寸的增大,复合材料的压缩强度和弯曲强度降低,最大挠度减小,这是因为随着SiC颗粒尺寸的增大,颗粒间距随之增大,SiC颗粒的强度降低,使SiC颗粒的增强效果减弱.随着基体韧性的提高,复合材料的塑性变形明显增大,但压缩强度和模量降低.     

Si对无压自浸渗法制备SiCP/Al复合材料的影响

采用无压自浸渗法制备SiC颗粒增强Al基复合材料,研究了Si对SiC颗粒与Al液之间浸润性的影响。结果表明,在熔融铝液中添加Si可以降低金属溶液的粘度,改善其流动性,促进SiC颗粒与金属溶液之间的浸润性;Si的添加还可以抑制复合材料中AL4C3脆性相的产生,从而改善了SiC颗粒增强铝基复合材料的组织与性能。     

搅拌铸造法制备SiCp／A356铝基复合材料的研究

利用搅拌铸造技术制备SiCp/A356铝基复合材料.通过金相观察(OM),扫描电镜(SEM)及力学性能测试对所制备的颗粒增强铝基复合材料的显微组织和力学性能进行了研究.结果表明,SiC增强颗粒较均匀地分布于基体中,SiC/Al界面处存在明显的Si溶质偏聚,复合材料的孔隙率为4.2%;与基体合金相比,SiC颗粒的加入提高了复合材料的硬度和屈服强度,抗拉强度及延伸率略有下降;断口分析表明,搅拌铸造SiCp/A356铝基复合材料主要的断裂机制为SiC/Al界面脱粘及基体合金的脆性断裂.     

添加Mg对SiCp/Al复合材料显微组织及磨损性能影响

采用半固态机械搅拌法制备了不同Mg添加量的SiCp增强铝基复合材料,并对其微观组织、硬度及耐磨特性进行研究.结果袁明,合金元素Mg的添加,改善了SiC颗粒与铝基体的润湿性,并形成良好的冶金结合,提高了SiCp/Al复合材料的硬度;Mg加入量为2%时,SiC颗粒分布较为弥散,SiCp/Al复合材料的相对磨损率小,耐磨性能好.     

SiC泡沫陶瓷增强ZL205A铝合金复合材料的制备与性能研究

本实验通过挤压浸渗工艺成功制备了SiC泡沫陶瓷增强ZL205A铝合金复合材料,并研究了不同孔隙率的泡沫陶瓷增强相对复合材料性能的影响。通过微观结构分析,制备的复合材料两相间结合紧密,没有裂纹及其他缺陷产生。多孔陶瓷作为增强相可以有效地细化ZL205A合金的晶粒,多孔陶瓷孔隙率的降低,孔结构越小,合金晶粒越细小。对制备的复合材料进行力学性能测试,复合材料的硬度和抗弯强度最高能够达到127.6HV和415MPa。对制备的复合材料进行摩擦磨损测试,结果表明,连续陶瓷相的存在将铝基体严重的粘着磨损和剥落磨损转变为较轻的磨粒磨损,极大提升了复合材料的摩擦磨损性能,为其用于耐磨领域提供了理论依据。     

搅拌铸造SiC_p/2024铝基复合材料的显微组织与力学性能

利用搅拌铸造?热挤压工艺制备SiCp/2024铝基复合材料板材,研究该复合材料铸态、热挤压态和热处理态的显微组织及力学性能。结果表明:SiC颗粒较均匀地分布于铸锭中,大部分SiC颗粒沿晶界分布,少数颗粒分布于晶内,晶界粗大的第二相呈非连续状分布;复合材料经热挤压变形后,显微孔洞等铸造缺陷明显消除,破碎的晶界第二相及SiC颗粒沿热挤压方向呈流线分布,复合材料的强度和塑性显著提高;对热挤压板材进行(495℃,1h)固溶处理+(177℃,8h)时效处理后,其抗拉强度达430MPa,此时的主要析出强化相为S′(Al2CuMg);热挤压变形有利于改善SiC颗粒与基体合金的界面结合,热处理SiCp/2024铝基复合材料的主要断裂方式为基体合金的延性断裂、SiC颗粒断裂和SiC/Al的界面脱粘。     

增强相含量对SiC_P/2024复合材料显微组织和力学性能的影响

采用热等静压的方法制备了不同比例SiC颗粒增强相增强铝基复合材料,研究了SiC质量分数在15wt%～20wt%条件下,增强相含量对SiC_P/2024复合材料微观组织、拉伸性能及硬度的影响。结果表明:SiC颗粒在铝基体中呈骨架连续分布,经固溶热处理和自然时效后,晶粒尺寸增大,整体均匀化,界面结合状态良好,SiC_P/2024复合材料的拉伸强度有明显的提高;当SiC质量分数在15wt%～20wt%时,随着增强相含量的增加,SiC_P/2024复合材料抗拉强度和硬度变化不大,但会提高材料的屈服强度。相比未添加SiC颗粒的铝基体,SiC颗粒作为硬质相加入到铝基体后,在界面结合状态良好的状态下,对材料的力学性能具有良好的改善作用。     

陶瓷颗粒与熔体合金增粘制备泡沫铝的研究

在熔体发泡法制备泡沫铝的过程中,研究了陶瓷颗粒与熔体合金元素共同增粘对泡沫铝孔结构、孔隙率和力学性能的影响。运用SEM、EDS等技术,对不同增粘制备的泡沫铝的胞壁微观组织进行检测。分析了新相对泡沫铝孔结构和孔隙率的影响。在相同加载速度下,对泡沫铝样品做了准静态压缩试验,分析了不同增粘泡沫铝的力学性能。结果表明:氧化钙与单质钙共同增粘可制备出气孔分布均匀、孔隙率较高的泡沫铝。泡沫铝胞壁中的金属间化合物在气孔合并、长大过程中,对气孔保持规则的泡孔结构、增加孔隙率具有重要作用。采用共同增粘制备的泡沫铝不仅具有单质钙增粘的高能量吸收性能,还具有氧化钙增粘的较高屈服强度。     

Effect of Ce content on mechanical properties of Ce/Cr coated open-cell Ni–Cr–Fe alloy foams

The Ce/Cr coating was homogenously deposited onto the reticulated open-cell Ni–Cr–Fe alloy foam by the pack cementation process. The mechanical properties of the Ce/Cr coated alloy foams were investigated by the quasi-static compression test. Simultaneously, the deformation and failure mechanisms of Ce/Cr coated alloy foams were discussed. The results show that the adding amount of CeO₂ powders influences the mechanical properties of the Ce/Cr coated alloy foams. Despite an increase in density as compared to the uncoated foams, the Ce/Cr coated foams exhibit improvement in both yield strength and energy-absorption performance. Especially, the energy-absorption performance of 2% Ce/Cr (mass fraction) coated alloy foam is averagely 1.9 times as high as that of the bare Ni–Cr–Fe alloy foam. In addition, the mechanical properties of the Ce/Cr coated alloy foams increase with the increase of strain rate. The distortion and cracking are mainly the deformation behavior of the Ce/Cr coated alloy foam, confirmed by SEM images.     

Effects of heat treatment on dynamic compressive properties and energy absorption characteristics of open-cell aluminum alloy foams

1 Introduction In the past few years, there has been a considerable increase in using metal foams for lightmass structural components and energy absorption parts for their wide plateau in the compressive stress-strain curve[1-3]. It has been shown that, e…     

Fabrication and Structure Characterization of Alumina-Aluminum Interpenetrating Phase Composites

Alumina-Aluminum composites with interpenetrating networks structure belong to advanced materials with potentially better properties when compared with composites reinforced by particles or fibers. The paper presents the experimental results of fabrication and structure characterization of Al matrix composites locally reinforced via Al₂O₃ ceramic foam. The composites were obtained using centrifugal infiltration of porous ceramics by liquid aluminum alloy. Both scanning electron microscopy (SEM + EDS) and x-ray tomography were used to determine the structure of foams and composites especially in reinforced areas. The quality of castings, degree of pore filling in ceramic foams by Al alloy, and microstructure in area of interface were assessed.     

添加造孔剂法制备开孔泡沫铝及其性能研究

以球形尿素颗粒为造孔剂,采用传统的粉末冶金工艺制备开孔泡沫铝并研究了其性能.结果表明,添加造孔剂法制备的泡沫铝可以任意控制孔隙率及孔径的大小,且孔结构良好,保持了造孔剂的形状;高的烧结温度使泡沫铝的压缩强度提高,但过高的温度将导致孔壁熔化.本试验制成的泡沫铝其压缩曲线和泡沫金属典型压缩曲线相似,且抗压强度和经典理论计算结果一致.     

Heat Treatment of Closed-Cell A356 + 4 wt.%Cu + 2 wt.%Ca Foam and Its Effect on the Foam Mechanical Behavior

In this investigation, aluminum-silicon alloy foam is developed by adding certain amounts of copper and calcium elements in A356 alloy. Addition of 4 wt.%Cu + 2 wt.%Ca to the melt changed bubbles morphology from ellipsoid to spherical by decreasing Reynolds number and increasing Bond number. Compression behavior and energy absorption of the foams are assessed before and after aging. Solid solution treatment and aging lead to the best mechanical properties with 170% enhancement in yield strength and 185% improvement in energy absorption capacity as compared to non-heat-treated foams. The metallographic observations showed that bubbles geometry and structure in the A356 + 4wt.% Cu + 2 wt.%Ca foam are more homogeneous than the A356 foam.     

Compressive properties of open-cell ceramic foams

The compressive experiments of two kinds of ceramic foams were completed. The results show that the behavior of ceramic foams made by organic filling method is anisotropic. The stress-strain responses of ceramic foams made by sponge-replication show isotropy and strain rate dependence. The struts brittle breaking of net structure of this ceramic foam arises at the weakest defects of framework or at the part of framework, which causes the initiation and expanding of cracks. The compressive strength of ceramic foam is dependent on the strut size and relative density of foams.     

Mechanical behaviors and energy absorption properties of Y/Cr and Ce/Cr coated open-cell nickel-based alloy foams

In this study,Y-and Ce-modified Cr coatings applied by pack cementation method were prepared on the surface of open-cell nickel-based alloy foam.The morphologies and microstructures of Y-and Ce-modified Cr coatings with various Y and Ce contents were investigated in detail.Then,the effects of Y and Ce addition on the mechanical properties of open-cell nickel-based alloy foams were analyzed and compared.Simultaneously,the energy absorption capacity and energy absorption efficiency of the Y-and Ce-modified Cr coated alloy foams were discussed and compared at the room and high temperatures.The results show that Cr coatings containing minor amounts of rare earth element(Y and Ce) are well adhered to the nickel-based foam struts.Especially,the microstructure of the 2 wt% Ce-modified Cr coating is denser and uniform.In addition,the compressive strength and plateau stress of Y-and Ce-modified Cr coated alloy foams firstly increase and then decrease by increasing the Y and Ce contents at room and high temperatures.The energy absorption capacity of Y/Cr and Ce/Cr coated alloy foams increases linearly with the strains increasing.The Ce/Cr coated alloy foams can absorb more energy than Y/Cr coated alloy foams in the plateau and densification regions at room temperature.Compared to those at room temperature,the Y-and Ce-modified Cr coated alloy foams show higher energy absorption efficiency when deformation within 10%-30% at high temperature.     

Finite element analysis of reticulated ceramics under compression

This paper shows how finite element analysis can be used to study the effect of the morphological features of reticulated ceramics on their mechanical properties under compression. Quantitative morphological data, obtained by X-ray computed tomography (XCT) for a commercially available Si–SiC foam produced by the replica method, have been linked to a set of computer generated cells in which one morphological parameter was varied at a time. The findings indicate how the modification of some morphological features, which depend on the careful selection of appropriate and specific processing parameters, would enable the production of ceramic foams possessing higher strength for a given total porosity value.     

Modeling the mechanical properties of optimally processed cordierite–mullite–alumina ceramic foams by X-ray computed tomography and finite element analysis

Bulk and cellular cordierite ceramics were prepared from a non-stoichiometric powder consisting of corundum, talc (triclinic), α-quartz, K-feldspar, kaolinite, mullite and a small amount of a glass phase. The optimal sintering processing route was evaluated to obtain good mechanical properties. A high flexural strength of 120 MPa and a Young’s modulus of 99 GPa were achieved. The ceramic foams were fabricated by impregnation of polymer preforms with the optimized stock suspension. The mechanical properties of ceramic foams were studied by impulse excitation and compression tests. The Gibson–Ashby model predicted the ceramic foam’s effective modulus and its elastic limit strength well, as measured experimentally. In addition, the actual three-dimensional (3-D) structure obtained from X-ray computed tomography (CT) coupled with the finite element method (FEM) was used to calculate the Young’s modulus and the elasticity limit of the ceramic foam; however, this did not produce aby better agreement between the calculated values and the experimental results. The discrepancy between the Gibson–Ashby model and FEM could probably be attributed to the accuracy and small volume of representative reconstructed 3-D cellular structure. Taking account of the effect of the internal hollow structure on the stress localization in the ceramic struts, the CT–FE modeling provides a good measure of the adaptability and predictability of actual ceramic foam structures for realistic damage modeling.     

Effects of cell size on compressive properties of aluminum foam

1 Introduction Metal foams are a relatively new class of structural materials and offer a variety of applications in fields such as lightmass construction or crash energy management. In view of potential applications, the mechanical properties of foamed m…