一种磁流变阻尼器的分数阶微分模型

对磁流变阻尼器系统建立分数阶微分方程表征其非线性特征,将系统输出位移信号拟合磁流变阻尼器系统分数阶微分方程,以4个参数拟合这一黏弹性系统,其拟合精度明显高于整数阶微分方程.实验和分析表明,微分方程的阶数与磁流变阻尼器加载的电流有关,加电流时分数阶项阶数较不加电流时明显升高;加电流后分数阶项的阶数随电流强度的增加而增大;同时电流强度越大,系统惯性力的影响越小,黏、弹性力的影响程度也发生变化,控制电流强度越大,黏性力的影响越占优势;当磁流变液达到磁饱和时,模型不再随电流强度的变化发生改变.系统的黏弹特性和系统模型参数也受磁流变液性能和工作条件的影响.     

基于Bingham模型的磁流变阻尼器的优化设计

利用磁流变液这种智能材料设计制作阻尼耗能器件在近些年得到了广泛重视,但多数采用经验公式决定结构尺寸的方法具有片面性。本文利用Bingham轴对称模型并根据具体使用要求优化设计了阻尼器的结构参数,并编程进行了计算。根据计算结果制作的磁流变阻尼器经测试其性能达到了预期的要求,表明优化设计方法是正确可行的。     

磁流变阻尼器的分数阶模型及其减振系统分析

研制了一种复合式磁流变阻尼器,它主要由橡胶弹簧、磁流变阻尼两部分组成,其性能兼具橡胶弹簧减振和磁流变阻尼减振的优点。引入了分数阶微积分理论,建立了复合阻尼器的分数阶Zener理论模型,并探讨了在该模型下的粘弹性。为验证该模型的有效性,将分数阶微积分应用到磁流变振动台系统建模上,建立了分数阶系统模型,并给出了分数阶系统传递函数描述,求出了位移函数。实验表明,减振系统的分数阶模型与实验数据能够较好的吻合,从而证明了分数阶模型在磁流变阻尼器的减振模型研究上的有效性。     

磁流变阻尼器减振系统的分数阶微分方程研究

针对磁流变阻尼器系统的强非线性特征,建立非线性分数阶微分方程,用输出的位移信号拟合方程参数。研究分数阶微分方程各项系数及阶数与控制电流的关系,分析其系统动力学特性。实验和分析表明,分数阶微分方程精度高于传动的整数阶微分方程,且具有简单而明确的物理意义;随加载的控制电流增强磁流变阻尼器振动控制系统的惯性力的影响逐渐减弱,而黏弹性力的影响增强,且黏性力影响增强的程度大于弹性力;要使磁流变阻尼器更好的发挥减振功能,需要在控制电流、阻尼、刚度、响应时间之间寻求最佳组合。     

磁流变阻尼器Bingham力学模型改进及参数辨识

磁流变阻尼器不仅具有阻尼快速响应、良好的温度稳定性、内部结构简单等优势,而且可以通过调节控制电流使阻尼器的出力值连续变化,实现阻尼力可控。由于磁流变阻尼器阻尼特性与内部磁流变液的磁流变效应有关,具体表现非常复杂,现有力学模型目精度不足,无法精确描述磁流变阻尼器的阻尼特性。在磁流变阻尼器力学性能测试基础上,应用分段拟合函数方法同时结合反正切函数模型改进模型,并辨识改进后力学模型中各参数。将改进后的Bingham模型与实际测试出力值进行对比,结果表明改进后的Bingham模型能够很好地解决Bingham力学模型在非线性滞回阶段出力值曲线与实际测试数据不符的问题,改进后模型总体出力值曲线与阻尼器实际出力值基本相同,模型精度大幅提升。此种改进方法为磁流变阻尼器建立高精度力学模型提供参考。     

基于分数阶的磁流变液粘弹性研究

针对磁流变液粘弹性力学建模参数多、难度大的问题,引入分数阶微积分理论对磁流变液测试装置建立分数阶模型,通过对系统"黑箱"模型的参数识别间接研究磁流变液体的粘弹特性。在自研发的流变仪上针对不同的磁流变液体进行正弦波电流加载实验,发现分数阶模型下的理论数据能够较好地拟合实验数据,且磁流变液的粘弹性可由模型参数获得。结果表明:分数阶系统模型可以从系统角度观察磁流变液体的阻尼特性,且分数阶算子与磁流变液物质参数有关。     

基于分数阶微积分的磁流变液粘弹性模拟

建立了磁流变液测试系统的分数阶模型并进行了模拟,在自制的流变仪上针对不同的磁流变液进行了正弦波电流加载验。结果表明:分数阶模型下的计算数据能够较好地拟合试验数据,且磁流变液的粘弹性可由模型参数获得;分数阶系统模型可以从系统角度观察磁流变液的阻尼特性。     

基于Eyring本构模型的磁流变液阻尼器设计原理与试验研究

根据试验得出的Bingham塑性流体模型的模型参数, 建立了磁流变液切应力的误差函数,利用多参数优化理论和数据拟合方法对Eyring本构模型的参数进行辨识。建立了基于Eyring模型的环状混合准稳态流动方程,得出了磁流变液在环形通道中流动的速度分布函数。在给定活塞速度和环形通道的几何尺寸条件下,对混合工作模式的汽车磁流变液阻尼器产生的阻尼力进行理论预测研究。按照长安之星微型汽车前悬架的技术要求,设计和制作了微型汽车磁流变液阻尼器,并对此进行了试验测试,试验结果表明：应用所提出的理论分析方法预测磁流变液阻尼器的特性是可行的。     

磁流变阻尼器阻尼力计算

Bingham模型能准确刻画磁流变阻尼器屈服后区的粘塑特性,基于该模型,阀式磁流变阻尼器阻尼力与速度的关系为与阻尼器结构参数有关的三次代数方程,文中求解了该代数方程,得到了阻尼力的解析表达式,分析了阻尼器结构参数对阻尼器阻尼特性的影响.文中的研究结论可用于指导磁流变阻尼器的设计.     

对含分数阶阻尼器非线性悬架的PID控制研究

对由分数阶磁流变阻尼器(分数阶Bingham模型)和非线性弹簧组成的汽车悬架系统进行PID控制研究,先建立其二自由度非线性悬架数学模型,再根据车辆的舒适性和平顺性要求设计PID控制器,在Matlab/simulink中建立非线性悬架的仿真模型,对PID控制器参数整定,并用Oustaloup逼近算法解算分数阶微积分因子,实现数值仿真。结果表明,该悬架与被动悬架相比,该悬架的平顺性和舒适性有明显的提高,说明在既含有分数阻尼器又含有非线性弹簧时,以PID控制器对悬架进行控制同样有效,对以后研究非线性悬架有一定的指导意义。     

Modeling and testing of a field-controllable magnetorheological fluid damper

In this study, an experimental and a theoretical study were carried out to predict the dynamic performance of a linear magnetorheological (MR) fluid damper. After having designed and fabricated the MR damper, its dynamic testing was performed on a mechanical type shock machine under sinusoidal excitation. A theoretical flow analysis was done based on the Bingham plastic constitutive model to predict the behavior of the prototyped MR damper. The theoretical results were then validated by comparing them against experimental data, and it was shown that the flow model can accurately capture the dynamic force range of the MR damper. In addition to the flow model, a modified parametric algebraic model was proposed to capture the hysteretic behavior of the MR damper. The superiority of the proposed modified model was shown by comparing it with the Alg model as well as with a widely adopted modified Bouc-Wen model through an error analysis. It is observed that although all the three models are comparable at the excitation velocities of 0.05, 0.10, and 0.15 m/s, the mAlg model is remarkably successful at the highest excitation velocity of 0.2 m/s over the other two. The improvements in the predictions were found to be over 50%, relative to unmodified model especially at lower current inputs. Therefore, it was concluded that the present flow model can be successfully adopted to design and predict the dynamic behavior of MR dampers, while the mAlg model can be used to develop more effective control algorithms for such devices.     

Bouc-Wen model parameter identification for a MR fluid damper using computationally efficient GA

A non-symmetrical Bouc-Wen model is proposed in this paper for magnetorheological (MR) fluid dampers. The model considers the effect of non-symmetrical hysteresis which has not been taken into account in the original Bouc-Wen model. The model parameters are identified with a Genetic Algorithm (GA) using its flexibility in identification of complex dynamics. The computational efficiency of the proposed GA is improved with the absorption of the selection stage into the crossover and mutation operations. Crossover and mutation are also made adaptive to the fitness values such that their probabilities need not be user-specified. Instead of using a sufficiently number of generations or a pre-determined fitness value, the algorithm termination criterion is formulated on the basis of a statistical hypothesis test, thus enhancing the performance of the parameter identification. Experimental test data of the damper displacement and force are used to verify the proposed approach with satisfactory parameter identification results.     

Study on damping properties of magnetorheological damper

To research the properties of a new kind of smart controllable MR (magnetorheological) fluid, in this paper, the rheological models are discussed. On the basis of analyzing the structural forms of MR dampers, an improved structure of the MR damper is introduced; the properties of the novel MR damper are then tested. The experimental results reveal that the Herschel-Bulkley model predicts the force-velocity well; the damping properties of the ameliorated structure of the MR damper have improved; when the excitation is a trigonal signal, the MR damper reveals a thinning effect at high velocity; and when the excitation is a sinusoidal signal, the MR damper reveals a nonlinear hysteretic property between the damping force and relative velocity. Finally, the main unsolved problems have been put forward. __________ Translated from Ningxia Engineering Technology, 2005, 24 (4) (in Chinese)     

磁流变减振器原理

这里分析了一种磁流变减振器的原理,用粘度模型描述了磁流变液随外加磁场变化的流变特性,得到的阻尼力方程为这种减振器的设计提供了理论基础。研究结果表明:随着外加磁场的增加,磁流变液的表观粘度增加,减振器产生的阻尼力增大。     

基于AR模型-分形维的磁流变减振器性能研究

建立了磁流变减振器的动力学方程,利用与其同阶的时间序列AR模型的对应关系,推导出基于时间序列的动态特性参数计算公式,在不同工况下振动实验检测获得时间序列,计算了动态特性参数、时间序列分形盒维数和系统特征根实部,以及这些参数间的相关系数,拟合了动态特性参数、分形盒维数、工况参数三者相互间的关系曲线,分析了磁流变减振器性能变化。分析结果表明,AR(2)模型对减振器振动信号有较高的模拟精度,基于时间序列AR模型的动态特性参数求解方法便捷有效;时间序列盒维数与动态特性参数间存在高度相关,可作为量化衡量系统振动平稳性和响应快速性综合动态特性的参数,可配合特征根选取磁流变减振器的最佳工况。     

Development of an ankle physiotherapy device using an MR damper

This paper presents design and development of an ankle physiotherapy device using a linear MR (magnetorheological) damper. After exploring many possible configurations of the MR valve, the proposed design makes sure that the damper is test- and research-friendly in that the damper can be easily assembled and disassembled with simple tools and procedure. The structural and functional integrity of the damper was maintained even with the simple layout of the damper. The dimensions of the MR valve are optimally determined using finite element analysis. The damper performance under steady shear is experimentally evaluated with an INSTRON test machine. The test results showed that the prototype had fulfilled the basic requirements of the desired MR ankle physiotherapy.     

磁流变减振器磁场特性分析及试验研究

设计了磁流变减振器磁芯磁路,建立了磁路的仿真模型,仿真研究了磁路的磁场特性,用实验的方法对仿真模型进行了验证和修正;在此基础上,建立了整个磁流变减振器的仿真模型,仿真研究了其磁场分布规律及不同参数下阻尼孔附近的磁通密度.研究结果表明,磁芯直径、工作缸壁厚、阻尼通道长度和线圈电流是影响磁场特性的主要因素,合理选择磁路结构参数可使其性能得到最大发挥.设计并制造出一种车辆单筒充气式磁流变减振器,对其进行了台架试验,得到不同电流下的减振器示功特性图,研究发现,通过调节减振器励磁线圈中的电流获得不同强度的磁场,在磁场作用下,磁流变液粘度发生变化,从而改变减振器的阻尼特性,减振器的饱和工作电流约为2A.试验验证了磁路设计的正确性,并为实现车辆磁流变半主动空气悬架控制研究奠定了基础.     

基于神经网络的磁流变阻尼器逆控制研究

为了解决阻尼器的非线性问题,设计了一种纯剪切型磁流变阻尼器,并针对其非线性特性,提出了利用径向基函数（RBF）神经网络的非线性映射能力,以建立磁流变阻尼器的逆模型。由已训练的磁流变（MR）阻尼器的逆向神经网络模型和MR阻尼器组成的控制单元,在给定所需控制力的情况下,使MR阻尼器产生相应的阻尼力,实现了MR阻尼器提供连续可调输出力的目的,也使得纯剪切型MR阻尼器在一些需要精确控制的场合能够方便使用。仿真结果表明,神经网络逆控制的方法是有效的、可行的。