制锰新工艺前景探讨：真空蒸馏锰铁合金制造金属及锰粉

分析了真空蒸馏锰铁合金制造锰及锰粉的技术可行性及潜在的经济优势，说明如果用真空法代替传统的电解法生产锰及锰粉，将会带来巨大的经济效益。     

制锰新工艺前景探讨

分析了真空蒸馏锰铁合金制造锰及锰粉的技术可行性及潜在的经济优势，说明如果用真空法代替传统的电解法生产锰及锰粉，将会带来巨大的经济效益。     

三价锰光度法快速测定铬镍锰高合金中高含量锰

在磷酸介质中，于220℃温度下，用高氯酸将二价锰氧化为三价锰，因三价锰离子的摩尔浓度系数远较七价锰离子的小，借此可做高含量锰的光度法分析。     

氧化型锰银矿锰银分离工艺研究

氧化型锰银矿其锰、银分离是处理这类资源的关键工序。试验分别采用煤焙烧、植物副产湿法还原工艺对锰银精矿进行了锰、银分离工艺性能的对比研究。在相同酸消耗情况下,植物副产湿法浸出的锰浸出率接近煤焙烧浸出,而银在浸锰液中溶出率远低于煤焙烧浸出;以玉米秸杆粉还原分离为代表,其浸锰条件选择在L/D=4、n(酸)/n(Mn)=1.76、秸杆/矿粉质量比=0.275、95℃浸出时间4 h时,锰浸出率达97.30%,浸锰渣量少;玉米秸杆粉浸锰渣在NaCN用量5 kg/t渣、常温浸银6 h时,Ag的浸出率为97.77%;并对其它植物副产还原浸出锰性能进行了验证试验。所研究工艺在锰、银分离综合成本方面具有较好的优势。     

三价锰光度法快速测定铬镍锰高合金中高含量锰

在磷酸介质中,于220℃温度下,用高氯酸将二价锰氧化为三价锰,因三价锰离子的摩尔浓度系数远较七价锰离子的小,借此可做高含量锰的光度法分析.     

锰系合金的发展现状

以近年来大量详实的数据描述了锰系铁合金及锰基合金产业的发展情况,分析了锰系合金产品产能、产量、出口及行业发展动态,综述了锰氮合金和锰铝合金的发展现状。     

锰银矿的化学浸出工艺研究

介绍了采用先锰后银浸出和锰银同时浸出两种工艺处理锰银矿石的结果．采用前一种方案获得了锰浸出率大于９６％、银浸出率大于８５％的好指标；采用后一种方案获得了锰浸出率大于９６％、银浸出率大于７９％的结果。最后对两种浸出工艺进行了对比。     

从锰除尘灰中湿法回收锰

对含有复杂锰物相的锰系铁合金电炉环作作尘灰采用湿法提锰，可回收其中85％以上的锰，可使对环境有一定污染的锰除尘灰得到充分利用。     

锰行业废水中锰排放量核算方法

研究了锰行业废水中锰排放的两种核算方法,即实测法和物料衡算法,确定了废水中锰排放量核算方法的使用原则,并应用两种核算方法对一家电解锰生产企业进行了核算实证。该核算方法适合于锰行业废水中锰排放的核查核算。     

锰矿石开发与深加工述评

从地质、采矿、选矿、造块、锰铁合金和锰盐6个方面评述了国内外的生产技术发展概况,重点介绍了我国近几年来在找富锰矿、矿山开发、矿石加工、锰铁合金及锰盐等方面的生产、科研成果.文章对国内外锰矿石及其加工技术发展和市场需求前景怍了简短的分析,认为解决我国锰矿石的供求矛盾,主要应立足于国内;对锰铁合金和锰盐的生产发展,应根据市场需求,进行战略规划,加强宏观控制.     

巩固循环经济成绩,完善体制机制建设

循环经济强调物质、能量循环利用在时间——空间配置上的可能性和合理性,要求自然资源在不断循环中持久利用。围绕循环经济系统观、经济观、价值观、生产观和消费观,结合金川集团自有矿产资源现状与特点,突出如何高效利用矿产能源资源,总结"十一五"以来资源综合利用与循环经济产业取得的成就,坚持把资源节约放在首位,建议集团公司按照"减量化、再利用、再循环、替代化、产业共生网络化和修补化"原则开展循环经济体系与产业建设,加强政策研究与运用,完善循环经济基础制度和管理体系建设,突出循环经济技术攻关工作,创造有利于循环经济发展的环境,促进矿产资源高效利用。     

熔炼次数对M17返回料合金成分、组织和性能的影响

实验结果表明,M17铸造高温合金(%:0.16C、8.79Cr、5.79A1、4.93Ti、3.29Mo、15.20Co、0.78V、0.015B、0.073Zr、0.002S、0.001P、0.001 1O、0.001 0N)经25 kg真空感应炉返回重熔后,Si含量随重熔次数的增加而略有增加,合金中主要元素和其它杂质元素S、P、H的含量变化不大,而氧、氮略有增加;合金中初生碳化物由新合金中的草书体逐渐向返回合金块状转变,初生碳化物的遗传性堵塞合金凝固时的补缩通道,使返回料合金的疏松倾向增大,高温塑性下降较大。     

80t低频气保恒熔速电渣炉的技术特点及应用

为满足中国能源(电站、核电)、轴承、模具、航天等领域对高端锻件的需求,提升国产高端锻件的市场竞争力,实现中信重工在高洁净、高品质钢锭制造领域的又一新突破,在经过多年对国内外先进电渣装备调研、考察、论证的基础上,新增一台80t低频单电极气保全同轴恒熔速电渣炉。该电渣炉采用了低频电源、单电极、全同轴、微正压惰性气体保护、高精度称重、恒熔速、同相逆并联大电流短网、双炉头车、电网平衡等多项创新技术,可实现重熔过程计算机自动控制,具有设计独特、技术含量高、节能环保、安全可靠等优点。生产的电渣锭经过质量检测分析,电渣锭偏析程度小、纯净度高,质量达到较高水平。     

Leaching Behavior of Lead, Chromium (III), and Zinc in Cement/Metal Oxides Systems

This paper reports the study of the leaching behavior of cement/metal oxides mixtures containing lead, chromium (III) and zinc oxides. A fractional factorial design of experiments (24?1) was carried out considering four factors, the concentration of ZnO, Cr2O3, PbO, and Fe2O3 in the formulations. Iron oxide was also included in the experimental design as it is usually the main constituent of industrial wastes from thermal processes, where lead, chromium and zinc oxides are also found. After 56 days of curing, samples were subjected to the Acid Neutralization Capacity Test and the concentrations of Cr, Zn, and Pb were determined in the leachate at different pH after filtering. The output variables for the analysis of the experimental data were the concentration of metals at initial pH (in water), at pH 9, 7, and 4, and the acid neutralization capacity of the samples at pH 9. The analysis of the results indicates that the immobilization of Zn and Pb in Portland cement is poor; these metals behave as their amphoteric hydroxides. However, the leaching of Cr (III) is in the range found in the control sample, indicating that the stabilization of Cr (III) is successful.     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定锰铁合金、锰硅合金和金属锰中8种微量元素

锰铁合金、锰硅合金、金属锰中铅、砷、钛、铜、镍、钙、镁、铝的含量决定了产品质量,以往常采用化学法或原子吸收光谱法进行测定,但存在准确度较差或测定速度不能满足要求等问题。为了实现上述元素的准确、快速测定,建立了采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定锰铁合金、锰硅合金和金属锰中微量铅、砷、钛、铜、镍、钙、镁、铝的方法。实验以硝酸、盐酸、氢氟酸、高氯酸分解样品,并使硅与氢氟酸反应生成四氟化硅挥发除去,试液中剩余共存元素主要有铁、锰等。实验结果表明,铁不干扰测定,通过在标准溶液系列中进行锰基体匹配消除锰基体效应的影响。以2mL高氯酸和6mL盐酸混合酸(8%)作为分析介质,可以达到最佳分析效果。在各元素校准曲线线性范围内,线性相关系数在0.9992~0.9999之间;方法中各元素的检出限在0.0001~0.0040μg/mL。实验方法用于测定锰铁合金、锰硅合金、金属锰中铅、砷、钛、铜、镍、钙、镁、铝,结果的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=11)在2.2%~9.4%;回收率在95%~105%;选择7个实验室进行了验证试验,各实验室间结果基本一致;按照实验方法测定了4个标准样品(材字-32、YSB C 28618、YSB C 26605)中铅、砷、钛、铜、镍、钙、镁、铝,结果与认定值相吻合。     

Development Model for Competitive Construction Industry in the People’s Republic of China

This paper identifies and analyzes the open-policy trend of the Chinese construction industry, which is characterized by trade liberalization, the underlying principle of the World Trade Organization (WTO). Compared to the construction industries in the United States, Japan, and the U.K., the construction industry in China is less developed in its legal framework, industrial structure, technological level, and international market share. To develop a competitive construction industry, the Chinese construction industry needs not only to accommodate appropriate international practice, but also to adapt and adopt it according to the market environment in China. A model to enhance the performance of the Chinese construction industry is proposed. The model consists of six modules: defining government’s role, opening up the construction market and establishing a competitive mechanism, promoting design institutes’ services and empowering professional bodies, encouraging technological innovations, upgrading employees’ educational level, and adopting multiprocurement routes. Recognizing China’s recent accession to the WTO and the attendant boost to its economy and industry development, the paper gives a timely evaluation of the post-WTO Chinese construction industry and proposes a model for its development. The model may serve the needs of academics, Chinese construction policymakers, construction enterprises, design institutes, and foreign contractors.     

Closed-Form Model and Parametric Study on Connection of Concrete-Filled FRP Tubes to Concrete Footings by Direct Embedment

Concrete-filled fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) tubes (CFFTs) have been introduced as a new system for piles, columns, and poles. A simple moment connection based on direct embedment of the CFFT into concrete footings or pile caps, without using dowel-bar reinforcement, has been proposed by the authors. Robust analytical models to predict the critical embedment length (Xcr) were also developed and experimentally validated. In this paper, a comprehensive parametric study is carried out using the models developed earlier along with a newly developed closed-form model for the general case of axial loading, bending, and shear applied to the CFFT member. The parameters studied are the diameter (D), thickness (t), length outside the footing (L), and laminate structure of the FRP tube, as well as the tube-concrete interface bond strength (τmax?), concrete compressive strength in the CFFT (fct′) and footing (fc′), and the magnitude and eccentricity of axial compressive or tensile loads. It was shown that increasing D, L/D, τmax?, and fc′ of the footing, or the axial compression load, reduces (X/D)cr, whereas increasing t and fct′ of the CFFT, the fraction of longitudinal fibers in the tube, or the axial tension load, increases Xcr. As the axial load eccentricity increases, Xcr reduces for tension loads and increases for compression loads until both cases converge asymptotically to the same Xcr value, essentially that of pure bending.     

矿热炉自动配料控制系统设计

针对矿热炉配料系统工艺流程复杂、可靠性及性价比要求高的特点,系统利用Modbus通信和工业以太网技术构建了由上位监控层、下位控制层和现场设备层组成的总体网络架构,设计出以S7-1200PLC为核心的稳定、高效和经济实用的分布式控制系统。通过合理的硬件、软件和监控界面设计,有效解决了生产效率与配料精度之间的矛盾,实现了称量、配料自动化。该系统自投入使用以来,性能稳定,工作可靠,具有较高的性价比,能够满足实际生产需求,达到了预期设计的目标。     

Fall Cone Test to Characterize Shear Strength of Organic Sediments

In this paper, the results of the standard percussion cup test, the penetration cone test, and the laboratory vane test performed on organic sediments and kaolin are discussed. First, the relationship between the water content and the cone penetration depth is explored. Second, the relationship between the shear strength, using the laboratory vane apparatus, and the water content is investigated. Finally, the relationship between the shear strength and the penetration depth of the cone, at different levels of water content, is explored.     

Measuring students' connectedness to school, teachers, and family: Validation of three scales.

Connectedness to school, teachers, and family are all significant protective factors in adolescents' lives, yet the measurement of each varies considerably. This article describes the measurement properties of three composite scales of adolescent connectedness, adapted from the Add Health study and the California Healthy Kids Survey. These composite scales are created by either summing or taking the mean of all individual items, measured on an ordinal scale. This approach fails to account for the ordinal, non-normal nature of the data. Using a covariance approach, this article describes the measurement properties of the latent constructs of connectedness to school, teachers, and family and the contribution of each of the items used to compile the relevant composite score. The outcomes of this study will provide researchers and practitioners with information about the validity, reliability, and overall usefulness of each of the measures of adolescents' perception of their connectedness to school, teachers, and family. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)