机制盘香粘合剂研发

为配合专用盘香加工机的普及使用,研发了机制盘香粘合剂.对盘香加工设备进行了简要说明,对影响盘香性能的主要因素包括粘合剂配方、木粉和粘合剂比例、干粉和水的比例等进行了分析,得到了理想的配比和工艺参数.该粘合剂已经实现工业化生产.     

粘合剂XS-100在纤维编织胶管中的应用

试验研究粘合剂XS-100在纤维编织胶管中的应用.结果表明,粘合剂XS-100用量对胶管胶料的物理性能影响不大,当粘合剂XS-100用量为5份时硫化胶的粘合性能最好;以粘合剂XS-100等量替代粘合剂RS/A,胶管胶料的物理性能和粘合性能变化不大,耐热空气老化性能略有提高,成品胶管符合企业标准要求.     

粘合层厚度均匀的压敏胶带的制造

压敏胶带在横向上粘合剂层厚度均一并具有良好的风干性性能是质量上乘的要求之一.日本积水化学公司制造PVC压敏胶带时,在PVC薄膜上涂上丙烯酸树脂类粘合剂.用置于粘合剂贮槽上的热交换器热匀.要使贮槽中粘合剂与涂布辊的温度差控制在±5℃之内,即可制得粘合剂层厚度均匀的压敏胶带.     

磺化三元乙丙橡胶粘合剂的合成

合成了磺化三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM)粘合剂,研究了溶剂、增粘剂、固含量、磺化度对其粘合剂粘接性能的影响.结果表明:磺化EPDM粘合剂的剥离强度远大于未磺化的EPDM粘合剂的剥离强度.选用甲苯和甲醇为混合溶剂,古马隆树脂和氯化石蜡为增粘剂,胶液固含量为20％时,磺化EPDM的剥离强度最大.     

美国化学文摘 Vol.12(1990)粘合剂题录(Ⅱ)

<正> 聚氨酯 8274 医药应用的液体分离物的非发泡聚氨酯粘合剂。日本公开特许 6402,653 8388 聚氨酯分散体-水基高性能粘合剂原材料。Polym.Mater.Sci.Eng.1989,61,601-6(英) 8475 聚氨酯粘合剂。日本公开特许 01,103,678 8557 汽车外部塑料嵌板用聚氨酯粘合剂.日本公开特许 01,172,481 8814 贮存稳定和湿气固化粘合剂,密封胶.涂料和它们交联的催化剂.EP312,012(1989) 8819 水溶胀聚氨酯密封材料.日本公开特许01,170,682     

陶氏无溶剂型粘合剂助力中国食品包装行业可持续发展

最近,全球领先的软包装粘合剂解决方案供应商陶氏化学公司,在上海召开了其在中国首个关于无溶剂粘合剂专题的行业研讨会.与传统的溶剂型粘合剂相比,无溶剂型粘合剂完全不含溶剂,因此消除了食品包装中溶剂残留的隐患,同时在生产过程中没有VOC排放.这契合了我国发展低碳经济的趋势,助力食品包装和生产企业的可持续发展,满足了消费者对于食品行业日益提高的安全和环保需求.     

粘合剂大王德国汉高完成大宗收购

美国<橡胶和塑料新闻>(www.rubbernews.com)2008年5月5日报道: 世界最大的粘合剂生产商德国汉高公司于2008年4月初成功收购了阿克苏诺贝尔公司旗下的粘合剂和电子材料业务,使其成为全球粘合剂业的巨无霸.     

烟草薄片粘合剂的研制

通过对烟草薄片粘合剂的研究,确定了烟草薄片粘合剂的原料、原料配方及生产工艺,提高了烟草薄片的耐水性,改善了薄片色泽及吃味,生产出性能优良的烟草薄片粘合剂.     

淀粉型彩喷纸专用粘合剂的应用

介绍了彩喷纸粘合剂的应用情况,通过合成的不同类型的淀粉作为粘合剂在彩喷纸中的应用,比较不同类型的淀粉应用效果,发现粉体醚化型淀粉在作为彩喷纸的粘合剂方面效果较好.     

核壳型无甲醛涂料印花粘合剂乳液的合成与应用性能

选择新型的交联单体代替N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺,采用半连续种子乳液聚合法制备核壳型环保粘合剂.TEM观察到粘合剂乳液粒子具有明显的核壳结构.分析结果表明:粘合剂乳液固含量约30%,粒子粒径分布均一,粒径150 nm左右,且粒径随交联单体的用量增加而逐渐变大.采用丙烯酸羟丙酯交联单体的反应活性较高,容易形成凝胶物.其用于棉织物涂料印花时摩擦牢度、刷洗牢度、皂洗牢度和手感都良好,与所对照的商品粘合剂差别较小.     

Mechanisms Governing Anaphylaxis: Inflammatory Cells,Mediators, Endothelial Gap Junctions and Beyond

Anaphylaxis is a severe, acute, life-threatening multisystem allergic reaction resulting from the release of a plethora of mediators from mast cells culminating in serious respiratory, cardiovascular and mucocutaneous manifestations that can be fatal. Medications, foods, latex, exercise, hormones (progesterone), and clonal mast cell disorders may be responsible. More recently, novel syndromes such as delayed reactions to red meat and hereditary alpha tryptasemia have been described. Anaphylaxis manifests as sudden onset urticaria, pruritus, flushing, erythema, angioedema (lips, tongue, airways, periphery), myocardial dysfunction (hypovolemia, distributive or mixed shock and arrhythmias), rhinitis, wheezing and stridor. Vomiting, diarrhea, scrotal edema, uterine cramps, vaginal bleeding, urinary incontinence, dizziness, seizures, confusion, and syncope may occur. The traditional (or classical) pathway is mediated via T cells, Th2 cytokines (such as IL-4 and 5), B cell production of IgE and subsequent crosslinking of the high affinity IgE receptor (FcεRI) on mast cells and basophils by IgE-antigen complexes, culminating in mast cell and basophil degranulation. Degranulation results in the release of preformed mediators (histamine, heparin, tryptase, chymase, carboxypeptidase, cathepsin G and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and of de novo synthesized ones such as lipid mediators (cysteinyl leukotrienes), platelet activating factor (PAF), cytokines and growth factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Of these, histamine, tryptase, cathepsin G, TNF-α, LTC₄, PAF and VEGF can increase vascular permeability. Recent data suggest that mast cell-derived histamine and PAF can activate nitric oxide production from endothelium and set into motion a signaling cascade that leads to dilatation of blood vessels and dysfunction of the endothelial barrier. The latter, characterized by the opening of adherens junctions, leads to increased capillary permeability and fluid extravasation. These changes contribute to airway edema, hypovolemia, and distributive shock, with potentially fatal consequences. In this review, besides mechanisms (endotypes) underlying IgE-mediated anaphylaxis, we also provide a brief overview of IgG-, complement-, contact system-, cytokine- and mast cell-mediated reactions that can result in phenotypes resembling IgE-mediated anaphylaxis. Such classifications can lead the way to precision medicine approaches to the management of this complex disease.     

微波消解-石墨炉原子吸收法测定唇膏中4种金属的含量

唇膏经微波消解,石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定样品中铅、锰、铬、镉的含量。在优化的仪器工作条件下,质量浓度分别在32.0、8.0、8.0、8.0 mg/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,检出限分别为4.2、3.5、2.3、2.5μg/L,测得回收率在98%~103%之间,精密度分别为4.1%、3.6%、3.9%、2.7%。     

Hydrocarbon components of the yellowheaded spruce sawfly sex pheromone

The primary sex pheromone of the yellowheaded spruce sawfly,Pikonema alaskensis (Rohwer) (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae), was found to include a series of straight-chain hydrocarbon dienes, all with the double bonds in the 9 and 19 positions and all with the (Z, Z) configuration. The major components, of 29, 31, 33, 35, and 37 carbon atoms, were synthesized. In the field and the greenhouse, the synthetic dienes were far above control levels in activity but, at least during the first hours of bioassay, were somewhat less active than the female-derived materials on a weight basis. In the field, a mixture of all five synthetic dienes, in the proportions found in the females, was more attractive than any single one, on a mole basis. In addition, (Z, Z)-9,19 dienes of 28, 30, 32, 34, 36, 38, and 39 carbons have been detected in females in minor amounts. The first five were bioassayed, and each was found to be similar in activity to the 35-carbon component when compared on a weight basis. The synthetic dienes, while active by themselves, were strongly synergized by two, more polar, Florisil fractions derived from females. Experimental design considerations are discussed.     

Organokines in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Critical Review

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease that primarily affects the joints. Organokines can produce beneficial or harmful effects in this condition. Among RA patients, organokines have been associated with increased inflammation and cartilage degradation due to augmented cytokines and metalloproteinases production, respectively. This study aimed to perform a review to investigate the role of adipokines, osteokines, myokines, and hepatokines on RA progression. PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar, and Cochrane were searched, and 18 studies were selected, comprising more than 17,000 RA patients. Changes in the pattern of organokines secretion were identified, and these could directly or indirectly contribute to aggravating RA, promoting articular alterations, and predicting the disease activity. In addition, organokines have been implicated in higher radiographic damage, immune dysregulation, and angiogenesis. These can also act as RA potent regulators of cells proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis, controlling osteoclasts, chondrocytes, and fibroblasts as well as immune cells chemotaxis to RA sites. Although much is already known, much more is still unknown, principally about the roles of organokines in the occurrence of RA extra-articular manifestations.     

Field evidence of synergism and inhibition in the sesiidae sex pheromone system

The E,Z, Z,Z, and Z,E geometric isomers of 3,13 octadecadien-1-ol acetate were used singly and in binary combinations to trap sesiids in Wisconsin cherry orchards. The Z,E isomer alone did not capture any sesiids. A synergistic effect, however, of Z,E onSynanthedon pictipes response to its pheromone E,Z was demonstrated for the first time. Strong inhibitory effects of the Z,Z isomer onS. pictipes response to E,Z, and of the E,Z isomer onS. scitula response to Z,Z, were found. As little as 0.5% of Z,Z in E,Z completely inhibited theS. pictipes response. This species' response was also reduced by 85% when Z,Z was evaporated at 4 points, each ca. 6 m from the pheromone trap. Consistencies and discrepancies of the data with relevant experimental results from other geographical areas are briefly discussed.Lepidoptera: Sesiidae (=Aegeriidae), the clearwing moths.Research supported by the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, and by the Wisconsin Red Tart Cherry Ind. Market. Order.     

Soil nutrient depletion by agricultural production in Southern Mali

The degree of soil mining by agricultural production in Southern Mali is assessed by calculating nutrient balances: differences between the amount of plant nutrients exported from the cultivated fields, and those added to the fields. Export processes include extraction by crops, losses due to leaching, to erosion, and to volatilization and denitrification. Inputs include applications of fertilizer and manure, restitution of crop residues, nitrogen fixation, atmospheric deposition of nutrients in rain and dust, and enrichment by weathering of soil minerals. Nutrient balances are calculated for N, P, K, Ca, and Mg. Both pessimistic and optimistic estimates are given.The resulting figures indicate, even when the most optimistic estimates are used, large deficits for nitrogen, potassium and magnesium. For the region as a whole, the calculated deficits are -25 kg N/ha,-20 kg K/ha, and -5 kg Mg/ha. Further, acidification is to be expected, in particular in areas where cotton is grown. The deficits are caused by traditional cereal crops, but also by cotton and especially by groundnut. The latter two crops are fertilized, but insufficiently. It is important to note, that the negative figures are not automatic recommendations for application of a specific amount of additional fertilizer. For phosphorus and calcium the balance of the region as a whole appears to be about in equilibrium, but locally large variations may occur.Erosion and denitrification are important causes of nutrient loss, accounting respectively for 17 and 22% of total nitrogen exports. Atmospheric deposition and weathering of minerals in the soil are still important nutrient inputs that contribute as much as nutrients as organic and mineral fertilizer combined. Nutrient depletion is very large in comparison to the amount of fertilizer applied. Drastic options, such as doubling the application of fertilizer or manure, or halving erosion losses, even if feasible, would still not be enough to make up for the calculated deficits.The annual value of withdrawn nutrients, if related to prices of fertilizers, varies between 10,000 and 15,000 FCFA/ha (40-60 US $/ha). Since the estimated average gross margin from farming in this area is 34,000 FCFA/ha (123 US $/ha), soil mining appears to provide an amount equal to 40% of farmers' total income from agricultural activities.     

陶瓷名物探源二则

匋、陶、窑(窯)上古皆读成舌头音,意义又相通,实际为一个意义上先后产生的几个形体不同的字,先民以陶(匋)既称呼窑灶,又指窑灶出品之物,又指制作陶器;坏(坯)、瓶、瓬、瓿、甂、缶、钵、皿、杯(盃)、盆(瓫)均指窑灶所出之物或后世模仿窑灶出品之物,其字皆由重唇音演变而来,亦为同胞兄弟的同源词。     

典型过程强化技术在纳米材料制备中的应用进展

纳米材料被誉为21世纪的新材料,广泛应用于化工、电子、国防、陶瓷等领域.传统的纳米材料制备方法面临粒径控制较困难、批次间重复性差,存在放大效应等不足.过程强化技术是化学工程学科的研究前沿和热点方向之一,旨在通过在生产过程中采用新工艺、新设备等手段,实现缩减操作单元、减小设备体积、提高生产能力及能量利用效率的目的,是实现...     

木质素纳米颗粒的制备及其功能化应用研究进展

木质素是一种天然生物质资源,来源广泛,成本低廉。近年来,利用纳米技术将木质素制备成木质素功能化纳米颗粒极大推动了木质素的利用,同时显著解决了传统材料无法解决的突出问题。详细介绍了木质素功能化纳米颗粒的自组装法、机械法、聚合组装法、冻干炭化法等制备方法及其在催化剂、助剂、吸附剂、紫外防护和抗氧化、抗菌、载体材料、聚集诱导发光材料等领域的应用研究,展望了木质素纳米颗粒的应用前景。指出实现木质素纳米颗粒的可控制备、功能化修饰,将有利于推动木质素功能化纳米颗粒在环保、能源、催化和生物医学等领域的进一步应用。     

国内乙醛酸衍生产品的现状与展望(一)

本文结合国外情况对尿囊素、香兰素、乙基香兰素、对甲氧基苯甲醛、儿茶醛、胡椒醛、扁桃酸、二苯基乙酸、对羟基苯乙酸、苯并二呋喃酮系列化合物、苯甘氨酸、对羟基苯甘氨酸、泛酸钙、2-羟基喹(?)啉、2-羟基膦酰基乙酸等乙醛酸下游产品的国内市场与科研情况做了较详细地论述。预计,我国目前GA的总需求量约为9000t/a,消费构成大致为,苯甘氨酸类占42.3％、尿囊素占31.6％、芳香醛占20％、其它占6.1％,进口量约3000～4000t/a。