光纤耦合效率与接收光强计算研究

由于用近似方法计算出的光纤耦合效率和接收光功率与实验测量之间存在差异,有必要探讨更准确的计算方法以满足应用的需要。通过对径向变量的积分,导出了在高斯光强分布下对接收光纤端面进行面积分计算的一元积分式,从而可以快速准确地对光纤的耦合效率和接收光功率进行数值计算。对62.5/125多模光纤的耦合效率和接收光功率进行的数值计算和实验测量说明,光纤的耦合效率只有用准确的数值计算才能给出与实际相符合的计算结果。使用芯径较大的接收光纤测量出射光束的近场光强分布时,光纤接收光强分布较光束的光强分布有较大的展宽,其相对误差甚至可达60%。     

反射式横向位移光纤传感器特性

在实验测量的基础上形成了一种在高斯光束几何反射模型下的一维数值计算方法,可以在计算机上对反射式横向位移光纤传感器的特性进行计算分析,为该传感器的优化设计提供了一个必要工具.对用62.5/125多模光纤组成的并列反射式横向位移光纤传感器的计算分析结果表明:接收光纤端面处的反射光斑半径在180 μm附近时有最大的接收光强和最佳信噪比;反射光斑半径在180 μm～600 μm时接收光强对反射条边缘的横向位移或横向振动的动态范围、线性关系和信噪比都较佳;接收光强对反射条横向位移的分布宽度主要取决于反射条的宽度和接收光纤的芯径.     

基于非球面透镜组激光光束整形设计

本文针对激光显示领域激光光束光强均匀分布要求,本研究基于非球面透镜组激光光束进行整形设计。文中通过阐述激光光束光强均匀分布原理,着重论述了出射光束分布选择、线映射函数及球面参数确定3个非球面透镜组设计内容。在此基础上,选择匀化洛伦兹函数为输出光束的光强分布函数,展开实例设计分析,旨在基于该设计方法将入射光束准直的单模高斯激光光束整形为光强均匀分布的准直平顶激光光束。     

大气湍流对贝塞尔高斯光束轴上光强的影响

针对光束在大气中传播时,大气湍流引起的光强起伏等现象.为了探索寻求减弱或者消除湍流的影响的途径,本文采用数值模拟的方法,分析了湍流大气对(零阶)贝塞尔高斯光束轴上光强的影响.分析发现,在湍流环境中,贝塞尔高斯光束的轴上光强都随着传播距离的增加而减小,湍流越强,光束的轴上光强减小越快.贝塞尔高斯光束的径向波矢量越小,轴上光强的稳定性越好.贝塞尔高斯光束轴上光强的稳定性随着传播距离的增加而变坏.贝塞尔高斯光束跟同样束宽的高斯光束相比较,贝塞尔高斯光束的轴上光强受湍流的影响较大.     

激光光束平行漂移对聚焦光斑位置影响的理论分析

本文引入象差函数分析聚焦激光光学系统焦点附近的光强分布。推导出了激光光束平行漂移对聚焦光斑位置影响的公式。分析表明,平行漂移将使聚焦光斑产生纵向焦移和横向焦移,其大小取决于光束平移量ρ_0,球差系数S_1,出瞳半径a以及高斯参考球的半球R_0。     

无线激光通信中的多光束发射技术研究

在大气激光通信中,大气湍流所引起的光强闪烁会严重影响通信系统的性能,导致系统误码率的增加,多光束发射是克服这种影响的有效方法。本文分析了用不同数目光束发射时的光强概率分布;以及多束光发射时接收端用不同直径的接收透镜进行接收时的光强概率分布,结果表明随着发射光束的增加、孔径直径的增大,光强概率分布更加趋于正态分布,光强概率的均值增大。文中还分析了多光束发射的归一化相关系数和光强方差的关系以及多光束发射在不同湍流环境下的误码率性能,分析结果表明多光束发射系统可以很好地改善接收面的光强起伏,降低系统的误码率。     

表面等离子共振双光束差分研究和数值模拟

为提高光强调制型表面等离子共振传感器的灵敏度和抗干扰能力,本文提出了一种采用双光束差分光强的SPR检测新方法.通过对该方法的理论计算和数值模拟分析,得到了不同入射角和不同金膜厚度时,反射光强差与样品折射率之间的关系曲线.研究表明,与传统的光强调制方法相比,当两束光入射角相差5°,金膜厚度在40～50 nm时,该方法是有更高的灵敏度和更宽的测量范围,并且由于采用了光强差分技术,大大提高了传感器的抗干扰性和稳定性.     

光纤位移干涉仪测高速漫反射面速度误差分析

首次从理论上分析基于单模光纤的位移干涉仪用于高速漫反射面速度测量的相位误差,包括来源和大小及其与系统各参量的关系.计算了光束从光纤出射,经漫反射面反射,再耦合进单模光纤的光场表达式.结果表明,相位误差的来源包括两部分:光束传输衍射效应及漫反射面表面的随机相位特性.由相位误差引起的位移和速度相对误差都在10-6量级,并且同时采用VISAR和光纤位移干涉仪来测量爆轰加载下铜飞片的速度轨迹.实验结果表明,单模光纤位移干涉仪的实际测量精度可以和VISAR相当,证明了单模光纤位移干涉仪用于高速漫反射面速度测量的可行性.     

平顶多高斯光束通过球差透镜的聚焦特性

利用广义惠更斯-菲涅耳衍射积分公式,研究了平顶多高斯光束通过球差透镜的聚焦特性。推导出轴上光强分布的表达式,并对轴上光强进行大量的数值计算及分析。研究结果表明,当平顶多高斯光束的阶数N一定时,透镜的球差将在很大程度上影响光束的聚焦特性;当透镜的球差一定时,N值的改变将影响轴上最佳聚焦点的位置;当无球差时,轴上最佳聚焦点并不在几何焦点处,轴上最佳聚焦点位置随着N值增加向几何焦点靠近,例如当阶数N由0增大为1时,则归一化最佳聚焦点由0.91增大到0.98。     

基于变曲率透镜的四纤光纤准直器的设计

为实现一种新型的ROADM,设计了基于四纤光纤头和变曲率球面透镜的四纤光纤准直器.变曲率球面透镜包括斜柱体和变曲率球体两部分;4根尾纤在同一平面内等距排列,各尾纤出射光对应曲率不同的球面,可保证准直器出射光的出射角度满足应用要求.各尾纤出射面位于透镜的物方焦点处,从而使从光纤出射的光束获得准直.利用矩阵光学理论,设计出...     

光纤燃油液位传感器研究现状

液位测量传感器是飞机燃油测量系统中的重要组成部分。光纤燃油液位传感器因其本质安全的特性而在飞机燃油液位测量领域备受关注。根据被测对象对光的调制形式不同,将光纤液位传感器分为光强调制型和波长调制型两类,总结各种传感器的原理和应用现状,讨论不同类型传感器的性能和优缺点,并对今后的发展方向做出展望。     

聚合物光纤折射率分布的显微成像测量方法

结合多模聚合物光纤芯径粗(1mm)的特点,考虑传输损耗小的泄漏模式,对泄漏模修正理 论进行简化,并用简化的结果对显微成像法获得的光纤端面出射光强分布进行处理,恢复出其折射率分布,该方法的测量精度在10-3以上。     

SMS光纤结构特性的数值模拟分析

采用光束传播法(BPM),对单模-多模-单模(SMS)光纤结构内部传输光场分布情况,进行数值模拟;分析了SMS光纤结构中不同的多模光纤长度,多模光纤纤芯直径和输入光波长对光纤结构内部传输光场分布情况的影响,以及所得透射谱的变化规律;进一步探讨了基于多模干涉理论的SMS光纤结构传感器在各传感领域的应用潜力.最后,以基于多模干涉理论的SMS光纤结构折射率传感器为例,分析了多模光纤纤芯外界折射率的改变对光纤结构输出透射谱的影响,并进行实验加以验证.实验结果与仿真模拟结论一致,从而验证了模拟的准确性.     

Use of analyte-modulated modal power distribution in multimode optical fibers for simultaneous single-wavelength evanescent-wave refractometry and spectrometry

A new method is described for the simultaneous determination of absorbance and refractive index of a sample medium. The method is based on measurement of the analyte-modulated modal power distribution (MPD) in a multimode waveguide. In turn, the MPD is quantified by the far-field spatial pattern and intensity of light, i.e., the Fraunhofer diffraction pattern (registered on a CCD camera), that emerges from a multimode optical fiber. Operationally, light that is sent down the fiber interacts with the surrounding analyte-containing medium by means of the evanescent wave at the fiber boundary. The light flux in the propagating beam and the internal reflection angles within the fiber are both affected by optical absorption connected with the analyte and by the refractive index of the analyte-containing medium. In turn, these angles are reflected in the angular divergence of the beam as it leaves the fiber. As a result, the Fraunhofer diffraction pattern of that beam yields two parameters that can, together, be used to deduce refractive index and absorbance. This MPD based detection offers important advantages over traditional evanescent-wave detection strategies which rely on recording only the total transmitted optical power or its lost fraction. First, simultaneous determination of sample refractive index and absorbance is possible at a single probe wavelength. Second, the sensitivity of refractometric and absorption measurements can be controlled simply, either by adjusting the distance between the end face of the fiber and the CCD detector or by monitoring selected modal groups at the fiber output. As a demonstration of these capabilities, several weakly absorbing solutions were examined, with refractive indices in the range from 1.3330 to 1.4553 and with absorption coefficients in the range 0-16 cm-1. The new detection strategy is likely to be important in applications in which sample coloration varies and when it is necessary to compensate for variations in the refractive index of a sample.     

Eigenmode geometry in a high-birefringence optical fiber

A new method for determining the weights of eigenmodes in a weakly multimode optical fiber with strong linear anisotropy is developed using the geometric approach. The proposed method is based on the measurement of geometric parameters of the lines of equal intensity (isolines) in the vicinity of a zero point of the field intensity distribution pattern at the output face of the fiber. Using this method, the weights of eigenmodes in a fiber have been determined upon computer processing of the experimental images of intensity distributions observed upon displacement of a probing laser beam relative to the center of the input face. The results are compared to theoretically calculated weights of the eigenmodes.     

Binary spatial amplitude modulation of continuous transverse modal electric field using a single lens for mode selectivity in multimode fiber

The demand for portable real-time optical applications such as medical optical sensors and optical transceivers instigate the need for compact optical designs. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate a new, compact design for binary spatial amplitude modulation in a mode-selective transmitter in a multimode fiber, adapted from microscopy. Results show that it is possible to retrieve the original continuous-amplitude transverse modal electric field from the binary amplitude-modulated image using a single lens. The retrieved image is in good agreement with the original image.     

Simulation, implementation, and analysis of an optical fiber bundle distance sensor with single mode illumination

A simulation model for an optical fiber bundle distance sensor with a single mode fiber as the illumination fiber and a multimode fiber as the receiving fiber is presented. Approximating the illumination light exiting the single mode fiber as having a Gaussian intensity profile, a closed-form solution of the reflected light coupled into the receiving fiber was derived. A distance sensor was implemented and the measured sensor outputs were compared with the simulation data to verify the theoretical model. The performance of the distance sensor with different design parameters was analyzed. Design guidelines for achieving desired sensor performances are suggested.     

Optical fiber design and the trapping of Cerenkov radiation

Cerenkov radiation is generated in optical fibers immersed in radiation fields and can interfere with signal transmission. We develop a theory for predicting the intensity of Cerenkov radiation generated within the core of a multimode optical fiber by using a ray optic approach and use it to make predictions of the intensity of radiation transmitted down the fiber in propagating modes. The intensity transmitted down the fiber is found to be dominated by bound rays with a contribution from tunneling rays. It is confirmed that for relativistic particles the intensity of the radiation that is transmitted along the fiber is a function of the angle between the particle beam and the fiber axis. The angle of peak intensity is found to be a function of the fiber refractive index difference as well as the core refractive index, with larger refractive index differences shifting the peak significantly toward lower angles. The angular range of the distribution is also significantly increased in both directions by increasing the fiber refractive index difference. The intensity of the radiation is found to be proportional to the cube of the fiber core radius in addition to its dependence on refractive index difference. As the particle energy is reduced into the nonrelativistic range the entire distribution is shifted toward lower angles. Recommendations on minimizing the quantity of Cerenkov light transmitted in the fiber optic system in a radiation field are given.     

Analysis of a low-finesse Fabry-Perot sensing interferometer illuminated by a multimode optical fiber

A model of the reflected fringe system for an ideal plane-parallel, low-finesse Fabry-Perot (FP) cavity illuminated by a multimode optical fiber has been developed and experimentally validated. This showed that the phase dispersion within the cavity arising from the divergent nature of the incident illumination significantly degrades the visibility of the reflected fringes. Departures from the ideal FP cavity are also examined. The effect on fringe visibility when the plane of the FP cavity is tilted with respect to the fiber axis and when the cavity surfaces are no longer perfectly parallel to each other has been explored. The analysis described is relevant to the design and the optimization of multimode optical-fiber sensors that use FP sensing cavities.