电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法间接测定酸性硫酸铜镀液中氯离子

在硝酸介质的酸性硫酸铜镀液中加入过量的银离子标准溶液,用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定反应后溶液中剩余的银离子,从而计算出镀液中的氯离子含量。与其他方法相比较,该方法准确可靠,且简便易行,便于在生产中的应用。加标回收率在93%~104%之间,RSD5%。     

高浓度∑Fe对硝酸银滴定法测定Cl-干扰的消除

采用硝酸银滴定法测定含高浓度铁离子溶液中的Cl-时,需要调整pH到6.5~10.5,产生氢氧化铁与氢氧化亚铁沉淀,影响滴定终点的判定,导致分析结果不准确。本研究在含不同高铁浓度模拟溶液中加入氢氧化铝胶体洗涤出铁离子,再用硝酸银滴定法分析Cl-浓度,结果显示在Cl-浓度20 mg/L时,相对偏差小于5%,浓度为200 mg/L时,相对偏差最大为1.03%,并把该方法应用在分析花岗岩铀矿浸出液中的Cl-浓度,与采用选择氯离子电极法分析结果对比,结果表明了这两种方法的分析结果相差不大。因此该方法消除高铁对硝酸银滴定法分析氯离子是可行的。     

离子选择电极测定工业用水中的氯离子

建立了氯离子选择性电极对工业用水中氯离子含量的测定方法,建立工作曲线进行定量,通过精密度实验测定及实际样品检测验证方法简单、快速、准确,为检测工业用水建立提供了理论依据。     

酸性亮铜溶液中氯离子分析方法的改进

在酸性光亮镀铜工艺中,氯离子的分析,通常用银盐沉淀法。因镀液中氯离子含量一般很低,银盐沉淀甚微,终点很不明显,常使分析结果不准确,这是因为指示终点的红色铬酸银沉淀要以白色氯化银沉淀为背景进行观察。若取样过多,则去除硫酸和硫酸铜又变得困难,同时会因洗涤大量铜盐沉淀使滤液量过大,或洗涤不彻底,造成操作不便或分析结果不准。     

氯离子选择电极法测定甘氨酸中的氯化物

文章利用氯离子选择电极,建立了测定甘氨酸中氯化物的有效方法。该方法测定氯离子,操作简单,无需对样品进行预处理,重复性好,结果准确,氯离子在20~200μg/m L的范围内线性关系良好,相关系数为0.9998,样品回收率在96%~109%之间,相对标准偏差为2.16%,满足我公司产品甘氨酸中氯化物的测定,对甘氨酸生产中的萃取工段甘氨酸湿粉中氯离子的控制提供了快速准确地指导。     

食品添加剂硝酸钠中氯离子的检测方法

建立了氯离子选择性电极对食品添加剂硝酸钠中氯离子含量的测定方法,建立工作曲线进行定量,通过精密度实验测定及实际样品检测验证方法简单、快速、准确,为食品添加剂硝酸钠的标准建立提供了理论依据。     

鼓泡法研究水处理剂阻垢效果的影响因素

鼓泡法研究了pH、钙离子、铁离子、铜离子、氯离子、硫酸根离子、碱度和浓缩倍数等因素对循环水处理剂阻垢分散性能的影响。实验结果显示:随着pH、钙离子浓度、碱度和浓缩倍数的逐步增大,药剂的阻垢率大大降低,铁离子和硫酸根离子浓度的增加使药剂的阻垢率降低较为缓慢,而铜离子和氯离子浓度的加大对药剂的阻垢率基本没有影响。     

氯乙烯萃取提纯新技术

提出了一种氯乙烯萃取提纯新技术,在氯乙烯中加入大量水进行萃取,使大部分杂质进入水相,再利用重力沉降、旋流分离和聚结器的组合方法脱水,可以大幅降低氯乙烯中的氯离子、铁离子等杂质含量。     

酸性镀铜液中氯离子的光度测定

研究了用硫氰酸汞和硫酸高铁铵间接测定酸性镀铜液中氯离子的条件及其光度性质，实验结果表明：在高氯酸介质中汞离子和氯离子形成稳定的配合物，从而定量地释放出硫氰酸根，后者与高铁离子生成橙红色的配离子，其吸收峰位于波长460nm处，氯离子质量浓度介于0－40ug/8mL遵守比尔定律，相关系数r=0.99978，样品溶液用强酸型阳离子交换树脂处理后，可消除旧离子的干扰；镀液中的光亮剂的干扰可用试样空白来消除。     

硫酸钙中氯离子的测方法

建立了氯离子选择性电极对硫酸钙中氯离子含量的测定方法,建立工作曲线进行定量,通过精密度实验、加标回收率测定及实际样品检测验证方法简单、快速、准确,为饲料级硫酸钙的标准建立提供了理论依据。     

混合离子的鉴定

对常见未知物的鉴别和未知离子的鉴定可作为无机化学实验中的一个开放型设计实验的课题。本课题的实践过程,均由设计者自行设计与实验。在设计与实验中,设计者根据所学的元素化学知识,进行常见物质及离子的鉴别、鉴定。     

ICP-MS测定液晶中金属离子及溴离子和碘离子含量

建立了用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定液晶中14种金属离子及溴离子和碘离子含量的方法.采用NMP作为溶剂,直接进样法建立校准曲线进行测定,结果表明:回收率为87％～117％,RSD在1.2％～3.7％,检测限为0.00049～0.02907 ng·mL-1.     

Chemical States of Implanted Aluminum Ions in Silica and Silicon Ions in Alumina

Aluminum and silicon ions have been implanted in silica glass and α-alumina single crystal, respectively, to doses ranging from 1 × 10¹⁵ to 1 × 10¹⁷ ions·cm^-2. The chemical states of these implanted ions have been studied by X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy. It is found that the implanted aluminum atoms are coordinated only by oxygen atoms, irrespective of implantation dose. On the other hand, the implanted silicon atoms are coordinated only by oxygen atoms at low doses and by both oxygen and silicon atoms at high doses. Although the chemical state of the aluminum atoms is unchanged by heat treatment, that of the silicon atoms is changed toward a less positively charged state. It is inferred that the chemical states of the implanted atoms are controlled by the transport process, although these tend to obey the thermodynamic stability.     

铜离子和镍离子对绿泥石的抑制作用及机理

通过浮选实验、动电位测量、ICP离子浓度测试及溶液化学计算,研究铜离子和镍离子对绿泥石浮选的影响,并考察其作用机理.结果表明,绿泥石具有一定的天然可浮性,一定pH值条件下铜离子和镍离子能够水解生成亲水的氢氧化物沉淀,通过静电作用吸附在绿泥石表面,抑制绿泥石的浮选;在较高pH条件下,生成的氢氧化物沉淀与绿泥石表面电性相同,吸附量较少,抑制效果较弱.     

Dissolved-Air Flotation of Metal Ions

Abstract

Metal ions (copper, nickel, zinc, and ferric ions) were separated from dilute aqueous solutions by dissolved-air flotation. The ions were either precipitated as sulfides or floated (as ions) by xanthates. Copper and nickel were selectively separated; promising results were obtained with single, binary, and ternary mixtures. The effect of several parameters (solution pH, addition of chemical reagents at varying concentrations, and the presence of other ions) on the removal of ions was studied. The collectorless flotation of copper ions was also investigated.     

Selective Floatation of Inorganic Ions

Abstract

On the basis of both the literature data and the results of our own studies, some chemical and physicochemical aspects of selective flotation of inorganic ions was discussed. Classification of properties and events that determine the flotated ion separation, such as ionic charge, base-acid equilibria, complexation processes, solubility of ion-collector compounds, and ion affinity to surfactants have been described and exemplified.     

Foam Fractionation of Negative Ions

Abstract

Negatively charged ions can be separated successfully by foam fractionation. Among them, free cyanide ions were removed by cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide or a similar compound. At low concentrations (<5 mg/L), quantitative removal of free cyanide ions was observed. Further observations revealed that when the concentration was increased to 57 mg/L, a reduction in concentration equivalent to 47% could be achieved. Finally, a correlation between cyanide separation and surfactant concentration was found.     

杯芳烃衍生物与碱金属离子、碱土金属离子配合的研究进展

杯芳烃衍生物作为"第三代超分子",对金属离子有着优异的结合力和选择性,已广泛用于金属离子的萃取、离子色谱、催化、跨膜运输、离子通道以及自组装分子层等领域。综述了近年来杯芳烃及其衍生物与金属离子,主要是碱金属、碱土金属阳离子配合的最新进展。     

三维电极法去除配位电镀废水中的镍离子和铜离子

将颗粒状活性炭作为三维电极的粒子,采用三维电极法去除配位电镀废水中的镍离子和铜离子。考察了pH值、电流、极板间距、炭水比(粒子电极活性炭与处理水量的体积比)对镍离子和铜离子去除率的影响。在设定的范围内,镍离子和铜离子的去除率随pH值的升高呈现先升后降的变化趋势,随电流和炭水比的增大而升高,随极板间距的增大而降低。当废水中镍离子和铜离子的初始质量浓度分别为82.309 3mg/L和52.761 5mg/L、活性炭的体积为1 000mL、处理时间为2.0h时,最佳的处理工艺条件为:pH值4、电流0.6A,极板间距20cm,炭水比10∶9。此时,镍离子和铜离子的去除率分别为83.40%和86.20%。出水经过混凝沉淀后,镍离子和铜离子的去除率分别达到99.87%和99.68%,在出水中的质量浓度分别为0.107 2mg/L和0.169 3mg/L,出水水质达到《电镀污染物排放标准》(GB 21900—2008)中表2的排放限值。     

Biosorptive Flotation in Metal Ions Recovery

Abstract

Heavy metals can be removed from dilute aqueous solutions in many ways. Among the innovative ones may be classified a process consisting of biosorption followed by flotation. A metal cation, cadmium, was examined; the metal was abstracted by microorganisms belonging to the Actinomycetes, i.e., Streptomyces clavuligerus and Streptomyces griseus, which have a filamentous morphology, and hence present a flocculent character. Dissolved-air flotation was the technique applied on a laboratory scale without the addition of any flotation surfactant. The parameters investigated in the batch mode were contact time, recycle ratio, solution pH, Cd concentration, biomass addition, and use of a frother (ethanol). Promising results were obtained; in certain cases an almost quantitative cadmium abstraction, followed by higher than 90% biomass recovery, was found.