A Fiber Routing Problem in Designing Optical Transport Networks with Wavelength Division Multiplexed Systems

In this paper, we consider a fiber routing problem arising from the design of optical transport networks. The problem is to find an optimal routing of multiple rings and an optimal location of wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) systems for carrying demand traffic. This problem can be conceptualized as a Steiner (multiple) ring problem with link capacity constraints. We formulate the problem as a mixed-integer programming model and develop a new branch-and-cut procedure along with preprocessing routines and valid inequalities for optimally solving the problem. Exploiting the inherent special structures of the formulation, we focus on developing strong valid inequalities and devising an effective Tabu search heuristic for solving large-scale problems. Computational results indicate that preprocessing rules and valid inequalities provide a tight lower bound, and in turn reduce the effort required to solve the problem within the framework of the branch-and-cut procedure. Moreover, the proposed Tabu search heuristic works quite well for solving large-scale problems. Motivated by promising computational results, we provide insights into implementing the proposed branch-and-cut procedure for deploying fiber optic networks in practice.     

Study on New Concatenated Code in WDM Optical Transmission Systems

A new concatenated code of RS（255,239）＋BCH（2 040,1 930） code to he suitable for WDM optical transmission systems is proposed. The simulation resuhs show that this new concatenated code. compared with the RS（255,239）4-CSOC（k0/n0=6/7, J= 8） code in ITU-TG. 75.1, has a lower redundancy and better error-correction performance, furthermore, its net coding gain（NCG） is respectively 0. 46 dB, 0.43 dB morethanthatofRS（255,239）＋CSOC（k0/n0= 6/7, J= 8） code and BCH（3860,3824）＋BCH （2 040,1 930） code in ITU TG. 75. 1 at the third iteration for the bit error rate（BER） of 10^-12. Therefore, the new super forward error correction（Super-FEC） concatenated code can be better used in ultra long-haul, ultra large-capacity and ultra high-speed WDM optical communication systems.     

WDM光网络的研究进展

波分复用技术（WDM）在主干传送网应用越来越普遍,WDM网络技术的研究也获得了迅速发展,综述了当前主干WDM网络的最新研究进展和发展趋势。     

WDM光网络中的业务疏导

目前WDM光网络普通用户大量的一般业务请求数目及波长通道带宽的不断增加极大的增加了网络中电层和光层设备的处理负担,增加了网络成本。对低速电信号复用到高速光通道进行优化,减少网络电层设备的使用,降低网络成本的业务疏导(TrafficGrooming)技术成为目前光网络研究的一个热点。本文主要介绍了WDM光网络中的业务疏导问题的基本概念、技术特点、国内外研究现状进行了总结。     

波分复用光网中的一种新型波长分配算法

目前网络承载业务的趋势是以IP为中心的数据业务,从而促进了以WDM光网络向高速和宽带多波长的应用和普及,为了进一步提高网络的性能并提高资源利用率,出现了光网络控制面技术.路由选择与波长分配问题是WDM光传输网络控制面中非常重要的问题之一.目前实际应用最广泛的波长分配算法是First-Fir(FF)算法.本文基于FF算法,研究动态业务下波分复用光网络在固定选路下的波长分配问题,提出了一种新的波长分配启发式算法——Joint First Fit.计算机仿真试验表明,与常用的FF算法相比,该算法显著的降低了网络呼叫阻塞率,有利于提高网络资源的利用率.     

波分复用系统和光孤子通信系统中的光放大器

本文首先介绍了光放大器的分类,然后针对波分复用系统和光弧子系统对光放大器不同特性的要求,讨论了适合于这两个系统的光放大器,并分析了各种可行的改进措施。     

窄带通滤波片群时延纹波对WDM光通信系统的影响

对应用于支撑大容量信息传输与显示的骨干网WDM光通信系统中,窄带通滤波器件的群时延纹波对系统性能的影响进行了初步模拟分析。分别考虑了用于10Gbit／s光通信系统中的ASK_NRZ和DPSK_NRZ两种调制情况,结果表明在EOP-纹波频率的曲线上,EOP在纹波频率大致等于信号传输速率的位置出现峰值;在整个纹波频率的高频区,DPSK_NRZ优于ASK_NRZ。计算发现纹波的幅度基本决定了对整个系统性能的影响。模拟结果对大容量光通信系统及窄带通滤波器件的参数设计有重要参考价值。     

FPGA在波分复用系统光监控信道中的应用

在波分复用系统中,光监控信道用来传送网管信息。介绍了一种WDM(波分复用)光监控信道的设计方法,使用Altera FPGA(现场可编程门阵列)完成光监控信道板的核心功能。发送部分主要由时钟模块、HDLC(高级数据链路控制)和E1时序产生及成帧模块、NRZ(不归零码)/CMI(传号反转码)、公务电话处理模块和单片机时序发生模块组成,接收部分包括时钟模块、E1帧同步检测与HDLC标志字检测处理模块、NRZ/CMI解码模块等。设计采用自顶向下的方法,各功能模块由VHDL语言设计完成。该设计已经成熟应用在实际的WDM系统中。     

A Study of Several Problems Concerning WDM Optical Transmission Networks

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无源光网络的初步升级方案

利用 13 10nm/ 15 5 0nm粗波分复用器 (CWDM)与 15 5 0nm光纤型带内耦合器 (OFIBC) ,提出了无源光网络(PON)的初步升级方案 ,CWDM与OFIBC复用器大的通带间隔与温度不敏感性保证了可以采用现行的无制冷的F P腔激光器 ,实验表明根据OFIBC的通带 ,选择激光器中心波长 ,系统可以达到具有较小的功率损耗与串扰。     

10频道无再生中继使用光纤放大器的波分复用光纤传输实验系统

在国内首次研制了１０频道、１０２ｋｍ无再生中继使用１个平坦增益光纤放大器的ＷＤＭ光纤传输实验系统。每频道传输码率为１４０Ｍｂ／ｓ（２＾２３－１ ＮＲＺ ＰＲＢＳ或ＣＭＩ ＰＲＢＳ）。系统全部采用国产ＤＦＢ激光器，它们的波长分别为１５３１ｎｍ、１５３５ｎｍ、１５３７ｎｍ、１５４５ｎｍ、１５４７ｎｍ、１５４９ｎｍ、１５５１ｎｍ、１５５９ｎｍ、１５６１ｎｍ，在波长为１５５１ｎｍ的频道内布置了２路频率间隔     

WDM动态光学交叉互连中同源串扰的研究

研究了在波分复用（ＷＤＭ）全光网中,串扰对动态路由光交叉互连（ＯＸＣ）性能的影响。理论分析指出,在动态路由的ＯＸＣ中,由于信号光泄漏后经过不同的光路而造成的同源串扰对系统性能的影响要比其他类型的串扰影响大。还提出了一种新的解决方案。理论计算表明,这种优化后的ＯＸＣ结构能够有效地减小同源串扰的影响,从而以很小的硬件成本提高ＯＸＣ的性能。     

Sparse Wavelength Conversion in Wavelength-Routed WDM Optical Networks*

A wavelength-routed optical network can suffer inefficiencies due to the wavelength-continuity constraint (under which a signal has to remain on the same wavelength from the source to the destination). In order to eliminate or reduce the effects of this constraint, a device called a wavelength converter may be utilized. Due to the high cost of these wavelength converters, many studies have attempted to determine the exact benefits of wavelength conversion. However, most of these studies have focused on optical networks that implement full wavelength conversion capabilities. An alternative to full wavelength conversion is to employ only a sparse number of wavelength converters throughout the network, thereby reducing network costs. This study will focus on different versions of sparse wavelength conversion--namely, sparse nodal conversion, sparse switch-output conversion, and sparse (or limited) range conversion--to determine if most of the benefits of full conversion can be obtained using only sparse conversion. Simulation and analytical results on these three different classes of sparse wavelength conversion will be presented. In addition, this study will present heuristic techniques for the placement of sparse conversion facilities within an optical network.     

光因特网中的关键光器件技术研究

对光因特网中的关键光器件技术进行了探讨与研究。下一代光通信网络的发展,关键在于其光器件技术的突破上,要克服光网络节点处理的速率瓶颈、实现全光联网、高效传送和交换IP业务,就必须积极研究开发新的光器件。在光开关技术、光纤放大器技术、波长变换器技术以及其它关键光器件技术上有所突破,是建设光因特网的关键所在。     

On Finding the Multicast Protection Tree Considering SRLG in WDM Optical Networks

In this letter, a new sharing mechanism, SRLG sharing, is proposed, which allows the links of the same shared risk link group (SRLG) in a primary light tree to share protections in WDM optical networks. In previous studies, how to share spare resources with SRLG constraints has not been studied in multicast optical networks. In this letter, considering SRLG sharing, we propose a novel algorithm –multicast with SRLG sharing (MSS)– to establish a protection light tree. Finally, the algorithm MSS and the algorithm multicast with no SRLG sharing (MNSS) are compared through a simulation to show that our new sharing scheme of SRLG sharing is more efficient than that of no SRLG sharing in terms of spare resource utilization and blocking probability.     

WDM光网络中动态RWA算法仿真的实现

在WDM光网络中，在给定一组连接请求后，需要为之建立路由并分配波长，这被称为路由和波长分配问题（RWA）。由于当前光网络中的业务呈现爆炸式的增长，而光网络中的可用资源却是有限的，因此如何使用合理的RWA算法来优化网络资源的利用就显得尤为重要。目前已有很多文献提出了基于各种优化目标的RWA算法，也都通计算机仿真的方法测试和评估了算法的性能。计算机仿真是进行算法性能评估的主要手段，但是关于算法仿真的实现，—般的文献都涉及的很少，本文主要研究了WDM光网络中动态RWA算法计算机枋真的实现。     

Virtual Source Based Multicast Routing in WDM Optical Networks

Wavelength-division multiplexed (WDM) networks using wavelength-routing are considered to be potential candidates for the next generation wide-area backbone networks. Multicasting is the ability to transmit information from a single source node to multiple destination nodes and is becoming an important requirement in high-speed networks. As WDM technology matures and multicast applications become increasingly popular, supporting multicast routing at the WDM layer becomes an important and yet a challenging topic. This paper concerns with the problem of optical multicast routing in WDM networks. A few nodes in the network may have wavelength conversion and/or splitting capabilities. In this paper, a new multicast tree construction algorithm is proposed. This algorithm is based on a concept called virtual source. A virtual source is a node having both the splitting and wavelength conversion capabilities. By exploiting the presence of virtual source nodes, the proposed algorithm achieves improved performance. To further improve the performance, the algorithm assigns priorities to nodes based on their capabilities. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is verified through extensive simulation experiments.     

波分复用系统的四波混频特性研究

本文对波分复用（WDM）光纤通信系统中的四波混频（FWM）特性进行了研究，得到了WDM可用于由多段不同长度，不同色散值的光纤组成的多级放大WDM系统FWM效应的计算方法，进而分析了单级、多级放大和色散补偿这3种特例的FWM特性，研究结果表明，标准单模光纤与高负色散值色散移位光纤的组合可以有效地抑制FWM混频效应。     

双通道光纤通信波分复用滤光片的设计与模拟

讨论了在采用薄膜干涉方法分（合）波时,其中的关键器件－薄膜干涉滤光片的设计和镀膜监控误差模拟,主要介绍了一个波分复用双通道薄膜干涉滤光片的设计原理、设计过程、滤光片的性能及影响因素分析。并进行了假定监控误差下的镀膜过程的模拟。     

An Algorithm for Traffic Grooming in WDM Optical Mesh Networks with Multiple Objectives

This paper studies a traffic grooming in wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) mesh networks for the SONET/SDH streams requested between node pairs. The traffic could be groomed at the access node before converting to an optical signal carried in the all-optical network. We design a virtual topology with a given physical topology to satisfy multiple objectives and constraints. The grooming problem of a static demand is considered as an optimization problem. The traditional algorithms found in the literatures mostly focus on a single objective either to maximize the performance or to minimize the cost. We propose a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm to solve a grooming problem that optimizes multiple objectives all together at the same time. In this paper we consider the optimization of three objectives: maximize the traffic throughput, minimize the number of transceivers, and minimize the average propagation delay or average hop counts. The simulation results show that our approach is superior to an existing heuristic approaches in an acceptable running time.