An electrochemical method for the preparation of Mg–Li alloys at low temperature molten salt system

Mg–Li alloys have been prepared by electrolysis in a molten salt electrolyte of 50% LiCl–50% KCl (mass%) at low temperature of 420–510 °C. The effects of electrolytic temperature and cathodic current density on alloy formation rate and current efficiency were studied. For the deposition of metallic lithium on the cathode consisting of solid Mg and liquid Mg–Li, both electrolytic temperature and cathodic current density have no obvious influence on current efficiency; while for the deposition of metallic lithium on the solid magnesium cathode, both electrolytic temperature and cathodic current density greatly affect alloy formation rate and current efficiency. The optimum electrolysis condition is—molten salt mixture, LiCl:KCl = 1:1 (mass%), electrolytic temperature: 480 °C, cathode current density: 1.13 A cm⁻². Mg–Li alloys with low lithium content (about 25 wt% Li) were prepared via electrolysis at low temperature following by thermal treatment at higher temperature.     

电解加钛与熔配加钛对工业纯铝晶粒细化的作用

对比研究了电解加钛,以Al-Ti和Al-Ti-B中间合金方式向工业纯铝熔配加钛以及向电解低钛铝合金中再熔配加Al-B中间合金的细化效果.结果表明,不同加钛方式对纯铝都有较强的细化作用; 在钛含量相同的条件下,电解加钛的晶粒细化能力明显高于熔配加Al-Ti中间合金的; 钛含量较低时,熔配加Al-Ti-B中间合金的细化效果略好于电解加钛的,钛含量较高时,二者的细化能力相当.向电解生产的低钛铝合金中再熔配加入Al-B中间合金,可明显改善晶粒细化效果,尤其在较低的钛含量时表现得非常明显.     

加钛和加硼方式对铝合金的晶粒细化及其衰退行为的影响

通过对比实验,研究了电解加钛与经Al-Ti、Al-Ti-B中间合金向工业纯铝熔配加钛的晶粒细化效果及其衰退行为,以及Al-B中间合金对电解低钛铝合金的晶粒细化效果及衰退行为的影响,还分析了硼对电解低钛铝合金的晶粒细化和抗衰退行为的影响.结果表明,在钛含量为0.10%和0.15%的条件下,电解加钛晶粒细化作用的衰退速度比熔配加Al-Ti中间合金要慢;熔配加Al-Ti-B中间合金细化晶粒作用的抗衰退能力则明显高于电解加钛和熔配加Al-Ti中间合金;加Al-B中间合金可有效提高电解低钛铝合金的细化效果和抗衰退能力,并使其明显高于电解加钛和熔配加Al-Ti或Al-Ti-B中间合金.     

电解加钛铝合金的晶粒细化及其制备铝-硅合金的组织和性能

研究了电解加钛的晶粒细化作用,与AlTi和AlTiB细化剂对纯铝的晶粒细化效果进行了比较;对用电解低钛铝合金制备的A356合金和由纯铝制备并用AlTi或AlTiB细化处理的A356合金的组织与性能进行了对比研究;进行了利用工业铝电解槽生产的电解低钛铝合金熔体直接生产A356合金的工业试验。结果表明：电解加钛具有显著的晶粒细化作用,其细化能力与AlTiB的相当,明显优于AlTi中间合金的。在试验室条件下,用电解低钛铝合金制备的A356合金与纯铝制备并用中间合金细化处理的A356合金的拉伸性能相当;将电解低钛铝合金熔体直接用于铝．硅合金的生产是可行的,并具有节约能源,细化处理工艺简单,产品质量良好的特点。     

电解加钛对6063铝合金的晶粒细化效果

向铝电解槽中加入少量的二氧化钍，可生产含少量钍的电解低钍铝合金锭。本文用电解低钍铝合金锭配置6063变形铝合金，研究了这种加钍方式对6063铝合金的晶粒细化效果及细化机理．并与铝钍中间合金．对6063铝合金的细化效果做了对比。结果表明，电解加钍的细化效果优于用铝钍中间合金加钍的细化效果。且随保温时间的延长。有更好的抗晶粒细化衰退效果。用电解低钍铝合金配置6063铝合金是完全可行的，用电解的方法加入二氧化钍是一种质优价廉的新方法。     

加钛方式对A356合金晶粒细化效果和衰退行为的影响

分别采用电解加钛、熔配加钛和氟盐加钛三种方式，研究了加钛方式和保温时间对A356合金的晶粒细化效果和抗衰退能力的影响。结果表明，在钛含量（0．1％）相同条件下，短时保温时，电解加钛的晶粒细化能力高于熔配加钛和氟盐加钛，电解加钛A356合金的一次枝晶臂间距最短；长时间保温后，各种加钛方式使A356合金晶粒和共晶硅均发生了不同程度的衰退，但电解加钛A356合金的抗衰退能力最强，氟盐加钛合金的抗衰退能力最低。     

细晶铝锭熔炼的6063铝合金铸态组织与性能研究

细晶铝锭是采用纯铝的电解设备,通过向铝电解槽中添加TiO2,直接电解生产的晶粒细化的铝锭。采用细晶铝锭熔的6063铝合金与AlTi5B1、AlTi5中间合金细化的6063铝合金铸态组织性能进行对比研究。结果表明:AlTi5B1中间合金细化效果最好,AlTi5中间合金细化效果最差,细晶铝锭的细化效果居中;6063铝合金铸态组织硬度,在钛含量低于0.05%时,主要由Mg2Si含量决定,晶粒大小对硬度的影响较小。     

硼对电解低钛铝基合金微观组织的影响

研究了Al-B中间合金对工业纯铝和电解低钛铝基合金微观组织的影响.结果表明,硼对纯铝晶粒细化作用较弱;对于电解低钛铝基合金而言,由于在电解过程加入的微量钛的作用,其晶粒已经得到明显细化,且随着钛含量的增加,晶粒细化效果不断加强.向电解低钛铝基合金按Ti:B=5:1的重量比再熔配加入Al-B中间合金,可明显改善电解加钛的晶粒细化作用,特别是在钛含量较低时作用更加明显,随着Al-B中间合金添加量的增加,硼的作用逐渐减弱,最终与不加硼的电解低钛铝基合金的细化效果相当.     

Electrolytic preparation of Al-Ca master alloy on liquid Al cathode

1　ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＡｓａｎｅｗｌｙｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｉｎｇｓｕｐｅｒ ｐｌａｓｔｉｃａｌｕｍｉｎｕｍａｌｌｏｙ ,Ａｌ Ｃａａｌｌｏｙｈａｓｎｏｔｏｎｌｙｇｏｏｄｐｌａｓｔｉｃｉｔｙ ,ｂｕｔａｌ ｓｏｇｏｏｄｍｅｃｈａｎｉｃａｌｐｒｏｐｅｒｔｙ ,ｇｏｏｄｗｅｌｄｉｎｇｐｒｏｐｅｒｔｙａｎｄｓｔｒｏｎｇｒｅｓｉｓｔａｎｃｅｏｆｃｏｒｒｏｓｉｏｎａｆｔｅｒｂｅｉｎｇｆｏｒｍｅｄ .Ｔｈｅｒｅｆｏｒｅ ,ａｌｏｔｏｆｍｅｔａｌｌｕｒｇｉｃａｌｓｃｉｅｎｔｉｓｔｓｈａｖｅｄｅｖｏｔ ｅｄｔｏｔｈｅｒｅｓｅａ…     

Microstructure and Electrochemical Corrosion Behavior of Fe-Cr System Alloys as Substitutes for Ni-Based Brazing Filler Metal

Two new Fe-Cr system alloys,Fe-20Cr-43Ni-10P(mass%)and Fe-20Cr-20Ni-8P-5Si-2Mo(mass%),have been developed as substitutes for the expensive Ni-based brazing filler metal used in brazing exhaust gas recirculation coolers.The microstructures and melting properties of the alloys were analyzed by electron probe X-ray microanalyzer and differential scanning calorimetry.The electrochemical characteristics of the alloys were investigated by potentiodynamic polarization testing in an electrolyte solution made in accordance with the standards of the Automobile Manufacturers Association of Germany.Furthermore,the corrosion behaviors of the alloys were investigated by constant-potential polarization testing and surface characterization.It is found that both alloys are composed of solid-solution phases and phosphide phases.The solid-solution phases serve as the anode,and the phosphide phases serve as the cathode in the corrosion reaction for both alloys.Fe-20Cr-43Ni-10 P exhibits galvanic corrosion on the entire surface.In contrast,Fe-20Cr-20Ni-8P-5Si-2Mo is attacked at a few localized areas so that the cavities form on the surface.The corrosion potential(E_(corr)) is lower than that of Ni-29Cr-6P-4Si(mass%)for both alloys.This means that the Fe-Cr system alloys are more easily corroded than Ni-29Cr-6P-4Si.The corrosion rate and corrosion resistance cannot be investigated by the corrosion current density(i_(corr)) and polarization resistance(R_p),respectively,because of localized corrosion of the two alloys.     

铸造A356合金的晶粒细化及其激活能分析

研究了Ti含量对电解加钛A356合金晶粒细化效果的影响,并与相应Ti含量的熔配加钛A356合金进行了比较.结果表明,Ti含量对两种合金的组织均有明显影响.随Ti含量增加,电解加钛合金和熔配加钛合金的晶粒组织和一次枝晶均明显细化,Si颗粒纵横比均趋于降低,其圆形度却增大,表明了Si颗粒形貌的改善.两种合金凝固过程的DSC分析表明,电解A356合金具有较熔配合金更低的激活能和结晶过冷度,从而表现出更优异的晶粒细化效果和Si颗粒形貌.     

加钛方式及钛含量对A356合金的低周疲劳性能的影响

研究了不同加钛方式和钛含量对A356合金低周疲劳性能的影响，结果表明A356合金的循环硬化行为对合金的加钛方式和钛含量敏感。钛含量为0．14％的合金总是比钛含量为0．10％的合金具有更高的循环硬化率。在低应变时两种加钛方式的循环硬化行为类似，在高应变时电解加钛合金表现为类似“饱和”的准稳定形变状态，而熔配加钛合金表现为持续的循环硬化行为。疲劳寿命仅对含钛量敏感，钛含量为0．10％时合金的低周疲劳寿命要优于钛含量为0．14％的合金。但是加钛方式对疲劳寿命的影响很小，如果钛含量相近，则两种加钛方式合金的低周疲劳寿命差别不大。     

Electrolytic Preparation of Mg-La Alloy in Chloride Molten Salt: Effect of Electrolyte Composition

在MgCl2-LaCl3-KCl熔盐体系中,系统研究了恒电位电解过程中,电解质组成对平均电解电流、电解效率和合金成分的影响。用XRD、SEM和EDS对Mg-La合金样品进行了表征。随着初始电解质中LaCl3浓度的增加,平均电解电流逐渐降低。这是由于与MgCl2相比,LaCl3较低的电导率引起的。当LaCl3在初始电解质中的浓度为15%~20%（质量分数）时,电流效率超过90%。合金组成可通过改变电解质组成来调节。     

A356合金的低周疲劳行为及塑性应变能

采用电解低钛铝合金、工业纯铝与Al-10Ti中间合金,制备了具有不同钛含量的电解加钛A356合金(EA356合金)和熔配加钛A356合金(MA356合金),研究了加钛方式和钛含量对A356合金的应变能密度和低周疲劳性能的影响。结果表明:4种合金均表现为明显的循环硬化行为;具有较高钛含量的E14、M14合金的循环硬化能力高于低钛含量的E10和M10合金;合金的塑性应变能密度受应变幅的影响且具有循环相关性;高应变幅时,塑性应变能较高但随循环周次变化较小;当应变幅较低时,合金的塑性应变能较小但变化较大,特别是塑性较好的E10和M10合金;无论是电解加钛还是熔配加钛,钛含量为0.1%的E10和M10合金的的塑性应变能密度和疲劳寿命均优于钛含量为0.14%的E14和M14合金;合金的疲劳寿命对加钛方式不敏感,在相同钛含量下,两种加钛方式的合金具有相近的低周疲劳寿命。     

液态铝阴极法制备铝钙中间合金

在CaCl2-CaF2体系中,以CaO为电解原料,采用液态铝阴极法生产铝钙中间合金。采用熔盐电解监控仪测量电解过程中的反电动势、槽电压、电流等工艺参数及电解波形图,通过电位控制法调节CaO的加料周期,同时根据所得合金产品中的钙含量(质量分数)探讨影响电流效率的因素。结果表明:反电动势随电流密度增加而增大,通过控制电位法测得加料周期为30 min;在740℃、电流为7 A的条件下,电解1 h可制取钙含量为11.6%的铝钙合金,电流效率可达67.3%。     

Preparation of Al-Sr Master Alloy in Aluminum Electrolysis Cell

1 ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＡｌ Ｓｒｍａｓｔｅｒａｌｌｏｙｉｓａｋｉｎｄｏｆｍｏｄｉ ｆｉｅｒｓｕｎｄｅｒｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔ .Ｉｔｈａｓｍａｎｙａｄ ｖａｎｔａｇｅｓｏｖｅｒｏｔｈｅｒｍｏｄｉｆｉｅｒｓ .Ｉｔｓｍｏｄｉｆｙｉｎｇｂｅｈａｖｉｏｒｃａｎｌａｓｔｆｉｖｅｔｏｓｅｖｅｎｈｏｕｒｓａｎｄｆｏｒｓｅｖｅｒａｌｔｉｍｅｓ ,ａｎｄｌｉｔｔｌｅｃｏｒｒｏｓｉｏｎｉｓｏｂ ｓｅｒｖｅｄｄｕｒｉｎｇｔｈｅｍｏｄｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎｃｏｕｒｓｅ[1 ].Ｔｈｅｒｅｆｏｒｅ ,ｉｔｉｓｃｏｍｍｏｎｌｙｕｓｅｄｉ…     

电解废旧铝合金回收铝的电流效率(英文)

研究在AlC13-NaCl熔融盐体系中进行电精炼废旧铝合金回收金属铝。以铝合金为阳极,通过直流电沉积在铜阴极上得到铝涂层。在170°C、电流密度100 mA/cm2下电解4 h,得到的沉积物铝的纯度大约为99.7%,电流效率为44%~64%,每千克铝消耗电能3~9 kW·h。探讨阴极电流密度、电解质成分和电解时间及温度等对铝沉积电流效率的影响。结果表明:在AlCl3和NaCl摩尔比为1.3~1.9时,AlCl3和NaCl摩尔比对电流效率的影响很小,升高电解温度有利于提高电流效率;但是延长电解时间或增大电流密度会导致电流效率降低。电流效率的降低主要是由于沉积的铝呈现枝状晶或粉化而易从阴极上脱落到电解质中所致。     

Preparation of Al-Si Master Alloy by Electrochemical Reduction of Fly Ash in Molten Salt

An electrochemical method on preparation of Al-Si master alloy was investigated in fluoride-based molten salts of 47.7wt.%NaF-43.3wt.%AlF₃-4wt.%CaF₂ containing 5 wt.% fly ash at 1233 K. The cathodic products obtained by galvanostatic electrolysis were analyzed by means of x-ray diffraction, x-ray fluorescence, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive spectrometry. The result showed that the compositions of the products are Al, Si, and Al_3.21Si_0.47. Meanwhile, the cathodic electrochemical process was studied by cyclic voltammetry, and the results showed the reduction peak of aluminum deposition is at ?1.3 V versus the platinum quasi-reference electrode in 50.3wt.%NaF-45.7wt.%AlF₃-4wt.%CaF₂ molten salts, while the reduction peak at ?1.3 V was the co-deposition of aluminum and silicon when the fly ash was added. The silicon and iron were formed via both co-deposition and aluminothermic reduction. In the electrolysis experiments, current efficiency first increased to a maximum value of 40.7% at a current density of 0.29 A/cm², and then it decreased with the increase of current density. With the electrolysis time lasting, the content of aluminum in the alloys decreased from 76.05 wt.% to 48.29 wt.% during 5 h, while the content of silicon increased from 15.94 wt.% to 37.89 wt.%.     

Electrochemical codeposition of typical α+β phases Mg-Li alloys from the molten LiCl-KCl-MgCl_2 system

Electrochemical codeposition of Mg-Li alloys on molybdenum electrodes was investigated in LiCl-KCl(50 wt.%:50 wt.%) melts containing different concentrations of MgCl2 at 973 K.Cyclic voltammograms show that the underpotential deposition of lithium on pre-deposited magnesium leads to the formation of liquid Mg-Li alloys.The deposition potentials of Mg(II) and Li(I) ions gradually near each other with MgCl2 concentration decreasing.Mg-Li alloys with typical α + β phases could be obtained by potentiostatic electrolysis from LiCl-KCl melts containing 5 wt.% MgCl2 at -2.25 V vs.Ag/AgCl(cathodic current density 1.70 A·cm-2) for 2.5 h.α phase, α + β phases, and β phase Mg-Li alloys with different lithium contents were obtained by potentiostatic electrolysis from LiCl-KCl melts with the different concentrations of MgCl2.The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy.     

Electrochemical formation of holmium-cobalt alloys

The electrochemical formation processes of holmium-coball alloys on cobalt cathode in molten HoCl3-KCl were investigated by cyclic voltammetry and open current potential-time curve after potentiostatic electrolysis. The structure of Ho-Co alloys' films deposited on cobalt electrode by potentiostatic electrolysis was characterized by X-ray diffraction. The standard Gibbs free energies of formation for the intermetallic compounds of Ho and Co were determined. The diffusion coefficient and diffusion activation energy of Ho atom in the alloy phase were calculated to be 10-10-10-11 cm2/s and 96.0 kJ/mol, respectively, from the current-time curve at potential step.