汽车半轴中频感应淬火的质量实时控制

利用RAYTEK红外测温仪测量了汽车半轴中频感应淬火时不同电参数情况下的表面温升曲线.并对有效硬化层深、过渡区层深、表面硬度变化以及金相组织进行了研究.得到了性能随电参数变化的规律.把所有金相以及硬度和层深分布都合格的样品与淬火时实时测量的表面温升曲线相对应,得到了质量合格区.从而实现了用测温仪在线实时控制,当温升曲线进入合格区时即可停止加热并立即淬火.     

直流偏磁与剩磁对测量用电流互感器影响的实验与分析

直流偏磁与剩磁的存在会改变测量用电流互感器在铁心磁化曲线上的工作点,直接影响电能计量与测量的准确性。提出了一种基于三参数正弦曲线拟合算法的比差、角差测量方法,并通过实验分析了直流偏磁与剩磁对测量用电流互感器误差特性的影响。实验数据表明,直流偏磁与剩磁都会使比差和角差向着不同的方向增大,而且当直流偏磁与剩磁同方向同时存在时误差将会远远超过规定的限值,从而导致电能计量与测量的结果出现较大偏差。     

垂直磁记录薄膜退磁场修正及Delta-M曲线测量方法

垂直磁记录薄膜可以通过Delta-M曲线来判断其磁性晶粒间相互作用等相关磁性能。采用Lakeshore7407型振动样品磁强计(VSM)测量了直流磁控溅射制备的Co23Pt77垂直磁记录薄膜的磁性能,详细介绍了垂直薄膜等温剩磁(IRM)曲线和直流退磁剩磁(DCD)曲线的测量方法及退磁因子的计算方法,确定了退磁场修正方法并讨论了如何根据退磁场修正后的IRM曲线和DCD曲线得到垂直磁记录薄膜的Delta-M曲线。     

纳米多晶La0. 7Sr0.3MnO3磁性相变临界行为研究

用溶胶一凝胶方法制备了纳米多晶La0.7Sr0.3MnO3样品.测量了不同温度下烧结的样品的零场冷却交流磁化率与温度和直流磁场的依赖关系.通过对铁磁-顺磁转变点附近临界峰的分析,得到973K烧结的多晶样品居里温度为312.1K±0.2K,临界指数为:δ=3.040,γ=1.007,β=0.493;1173K烧结的多晶样品居里温度为331.7K±0.1K,临界指数分别为:δ=2.950,γ=0.993,β=0.508.两组数据均与平均场理论预言结果一致,表明纳米多晶La0.7Sr0.3MnO3样品在磁性相变点附近存在长程相互作用.     

(La0.9Bi0.1)2/3Ca1/3MnO3磁性和电输运性质研究

利用固相反应法制备了(La0.9Bi0.1)2/3Ca1/3MnO3样品,研究了它的导电特性和磁性.在电阻和磁化测量中观察到热滞现象. 在电阻-温度(R-T)曲线中出现了两个峰,当施加5T外场时,电阻中的热滞现象被抑制,只观察到一个峰.磁化(M-T)曲线表明,在居里温度(Tc)以下发生了顺磁-铁磁(PM-FM)相变. 样品不同寻常的M-T行为能够很好地解释测量到的R-T曲线.     

G-M制冷机与振动样品磁强计的耦合试验

为了测量样品在低温(20 K)下的磁性材料的各个参数性能,实验台采用双级G-M制冷机直接冷却气氛室,利用氦气的自然对流传热来达到冷却样品的目的.振动样品磁强计(VSM)与G-M制冷机的耦合实验实现了低温条件下样品的磁性能的测定.介绍该实验台的设计过程和耦合实验结果.     

小样品在氟里昂过冷液体中淬冷过程的实验研究

介绍了采用微电脑控制的小样品升降温控制装置，测量了小样品在过冷氟里昂Ｒ１２和Ｒ２２的淬冷过程。得到了沸滕冷却曲线以及平均对流换热系数和沉浸速度之间的拟合公式，并讨论了提高小样品冷却速率的方法。     

冷却速度对10CrNi5MoV钢焊缝金属相变的影响

采用Gleeble-3500热模拟试验机测量了10CrNi5MoV钢焊缝金属在不同冷却速率下奥氏体连续冷却过程中的温度-膨胀曲线,利用杠杆定律,得到了不同冷却速率下相变动力学曲线,分析了冷却速率对焊缝金属相变的影响。结果表明,不同冷却速率下焊缝金属的奥氏体转变动力学曲线均呈S型,冷却速率为60 ℃/s、30 ℃/s、15 ℃/s时,奥氏体转变速率与温度的曲线呈单峰状,冷却速率为6 ℃/s,奥氏体转变速率与温度的曲线表现为贝氏体、粒状贝氏体相变的双峰转变。      

掺Er3+碲酸盐玻璃光谱性质和热稳定性的提高研究

用高温熔融法制备了摩尔组分百分比为70TeO2-20(ZnO、WO3,AlO1.5)-9NaO0.5-1ErO1.5的碲酸盐玻璃样品.测量了玻璃样品的吸收光谱和荧光光谱,用差热分析方法(DTA)测试了玻璃的热稳定性.结合Judd-Ofelt理论和McCumber理论分别计算得到了三种玻璃样品的强度参数Ω1(t=2,4,...     

CoFe_2O_4@FeCo纳米核壳颗粒的制备与磁性研究

利用化学共沉淀法合成Co Fe2O4纳米颗粒,并在氢气气氛下还原获得Co Fe2O4@Fe Co核壳结构磁性纳米颗粒。用XRD和TEM对所得样品进行结构分析,用SQUID测量样品在300 K时的磁滞回线,发现随着壳厚度的增加,核壳结构样品的矫顽力呈现先增加后减小的趋势,而其饱和磁化强度表现出逐渐增加的趋势。为了探究所制备样品的核壳磁性层之间的交换相互作用,还测量了M-T曲线以及T=5 K时的零磁场冷却(ZFC)和带磁场冷却(FC)磁滞回线。     

Paramagnetic Effect in Nano-opal-lead Structure

We report magnetic studies of the paramagnetic effect observed in the superconducting nano-structured opal-lead system. Positive magnetization is clearly observed when the sample is cooled in field. The paramagnetic effect is strongly dependent on the applied field and the cooling rate. The results suggest that the paramagnetic moment is due to flux trapping and the competition between the positive and negative moments due to the temperature dependence of the penetration depth.     

氨制冷装置用蒸发式冷凝器的实际能耗研究

理论上，蒸发式冷凝器的循环水量小于水冷式冷凝器的10％，因而采用蒸发式冷凝器更加节能。针对不同品牌的蒸发式冷凝器和水冷式冷凝器两种类型的典型产品，对能耗进行了理论计算、产品选型计算和现场测试比较分析。结果表明，蒸发式冷凝器单位排热量能耗的理论计算值、产品选型值和实际运行值差别不大。产品选型中，在相同的排热量下选用不同典型品牌的蒸发式冷凝器，能耗差异很大，如B品牌蒸发式冷凝器的平均能耗约为A品牌平均能耗的2倍。根据实际运行测试，三种典型品牌蒸发式冷凝器的平均能耗约为立式水冷式冷凝器系统的32％，约为卧式水冷式的47％。     

35 kJ高温超导磁储能(SMES)的热输运实验研究

研制了中国首台高温超导磁储能直接冷却系统,该系统不使用低温液体(液氦、液氮).在10-3Pa的真空度下,高温超导磁体线圈由1台单级GM制冷机从室温293 K冷却到19 K,Bi2223电流引线由另一台制冷机冷却到77 K以下.整个系统在通140 A直流电流的时候产生了4.5 T的磁场.系统连续运行480 h(20 d),磁体和低温系统各参数动态特性良好.实验研究表明,控制系统的漏热,优化磁体内部导冷结构,有效减少热传导部件的接触界面热阻是制冷机直接冷却高温超导磁体的关键技术.     

The role of aggregation of ferrite nanoparticles on their magnetic properties

We have studied the magnetic properties of aggregates of Mn0.5Zn0.5Gd(x)Fe(2-x)O4 ferrite nanoparticles, with x = 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05, 0.06, 0.07, 0.08, 0.09, 0.10, 0.11, 0.12, 0.13, 0.14, 0.15, 0.16, 0.18, 0.20. The scanning electron microscopy micrographs show significant aggregation of the nanoparticles in all samples. Zero field cooled and field cooled magnetization measurements were conducted on all samples from 400 K down to 5 K. Most zero field cooled curves were found to exhibit the usual behavior but with wide peaked regions. For some x values, the field cooled magnetization was found to increase slowly with decreasing temperature, and becomes nearly constant at low temperatures. The measurements of magnetization versus applied magnetic field were conducted on all samples at 5 K and 305 K in the field range from -15000 to 15000 Oe. At 305 K the magnetization for all samples was observed to saturate, while at 5 K the magnetization did not reach saturation for some values of x. The saturation magnetization values were suggested to be proportional to the size of particles. These results were discussed and suggested to be due to the inter-particle dipolar and exchange interactions between the particles in the aggregates, the large particle size distribution and the surface magnetization effects.     

A Possible 2D H x WO3 Superconductor with a T c of 120 K

Magnetic susceptibility measurements of WO₃ crystals hydrogen doped on the surface suggest 2D local non-percolated superconductivity with an onset temperature of 120 K. Observed zero field cooled vs. field cooled magnetization response is characteristic of type II superconductivity. The diamagnetic response at the critical temperature is field dependent, and is suppressed by a magnetic field of ∼1700 Oe.     

Effects of Bismuth Doping on the Physical Properties of La0.6−x Bi x Sr0.4CoO3 (0≤x≤0.15) Cobaltites

The structural and magnetic properties of cobaltites with the nominal composition La_0.6?x Bi _x Sr_0.4CoO₃ (0≤x≤0.15) have been investigated. X-ray diffraction analysis using Rietveld refinement show that all our samples crystallize in the rhombohedral structure. The zero field cooled (ZFC) and field cooled (FC) magnetization curves at 50 mT exhibits thermomagnetic irreversibility signature of short range ferromagnetic interactions in our samples. The ferromagnetic–paramagnetic transition temperature decreases with increasing Bi amount. In the paramagnetic phase, all our synthesized samples obey to the Curie–Weiss law. The Curie–Weiss analysis suggests that the spin state of Co³⁺ is IS while Co⁴⁺ ions are in IS for x=0 and LS for x≥0.05. The Bi doping also leads to a weakening in the magnetic moment. The magnetic entropy change exhibits a maximum value which decreases from 2.28 J/kg?K for x=0 to 1.24 J/kg?K for x=0.15 upon a magnetic field change of 5 T.     

Numerical optimization of conduction cooled current leads for low current applications

The basic design principles of current leads for superconducting magnets are well established but HTS materials and conduction cooled systems call for new numerical methods. In this paper the design of current leads was formulated as an optimization problem. Both time integration and finite differencing were examined as possible ways to compute the temperature distribution inside the leads. Three examples about optimization of conduction cooled as well as gas cooled systems are presented. First, the design of tubular normal conducting gas cooled current leads was studied. Second, normal conducting leads cooled with a two-stage cryocooler were examined. Third, the optimization was applied to current leads consisting of HTS tapes at the low temperature end of a normal conducting bar. The study took into account the magnetic field and temperature dependent voltage-current characteristics of the anisotropic Bi-2223 material. The results are compared with traditional analytical ones and the numerical optimization is shown to be an efficient design tool for both normal conducting and HTS current leads.     

Dependence of the beginning of chain activation of boiling sites on superheating of droplets in the dispersed phase of the emulsion

The features characteristic of boiling of emulsions with a low-boiling dispersed phase are studied. The phenomenon of chain boiling up of droplets of the dispersed phase is considered. The dependence of the moment of emergence of chain activation of boiling sites and the subsequent chain boiling up of droplets of the dispersed phase on the temperature of the surface being heated (cooled) is obtained.     

直接空冷系统椭圆翅片管管束传热与流动性能的数值分析

直接空冷系统的空冷元件中,大口径热浸锌椭圆钢管绕椭圆翅片管因其具有空气侧流动阻力较小、换热系数较高、使用寿命长、清洗效果好、技术成熟等优点,在西北地区直接空冷机组中广泛应用。本研究采用CFD技术对三排管直接空冷凝汽器空气侧流动及换热性能进行细致分析,讨论了不同迎面风速下的三排管空冷翅片间的压力、速度和温度分布特性。结果表明,随着迎面风速的增加使换热系数增大,阻力增大;后排管的换热较前排管弱。本文模拟的结果可为空冷凝汽器的优化设计提供参考依据。     

Magnetic Properties of FeAs Single Crystal

Magnetic measurements have been performed on FeAs single crystals and polycrystalline samples. Magnetic measurements revealed a very sharp spin-glass magnetic transition in self flux grown single crystal. The bifurcation point between zero field cooled (ZFC) and field cooled (FC) magnetization occurs at 130 K. Susceptibility of flux grown single crystals revealed ferromagnetic-type behavior in the temperature range 4–300 K, while single crystals grown by iodine transport vapor were non-magnetic revealed features associated with antiferromagnetic and spin wave characteristics. The shift in Raman lines reveled sharper peaks for the crystals grown by vapor transport method than that obtained for the flux grown crystals. The difference in the spectrum may indicate sharper distribution in the bonding strength between Fe and As ions in crystals grown by the iodine vapor transport method.