认知无线电中协作频谱感知技术研究

由于无线通信用户的增多和采用的固定频谱分配模式,使频谱资源越来越紧缺,认知无线电的出现极大地提高了频谱的利用率。该文对基于能量检测的单节点检测和协作检测技术进行了分析和讨论,重点分析了协作检测中的数据融合算法,并对几种融合算法和能量检测算法进行了性能的仿真分析。通过分析及仿真结果可以看出,协作检测与单节点检测相比,有效地提高了检测概率。     

认知无线电协作频谱感知技术综述

频谱感知是实现认知无线电功能的前提条件,也是认知无线电领域的一个研究热点.近年来人们提出了很多种频谱感知方法,尤其协作感知技术日益受到关注.综述了协作频谱感知技术的最新研究进展,先描述典型的认知无线电协作频谱感知模型,然后讨论了协作感知中信息融合及性能分析等关键问题,最后指出了协作感知的研究挑战和发展趋势.     

认知无线电网络的一种协作频谱感知方案

认知无线电技术能够让非授权用户利用已经分配给授权用户的频段.为了不对首要用户的工作造成干扰,认知用户需要对频谱进行不间断的监测来判断首要用户是否存在.因此,频谱的感知是认知无线电技术的关键.协作频谱感知能够充分的利用网络资源,提高网络中的认知用户的检测概率.文中笔者简单地介绍了一种协作频谱感知的方案.仿真结果表明,通过该方法能够提高网络中认知用户的检测概率,提高网络的检测灵敏度.     

认知无线电中频谱感知技术的研究进展

认知无线电技术作为解决当前频谱利用率低下这一问题的有效手段,已成为无线电发展的一个新的里程碑。频谱感知作为实现认知无线电的首要任务,主要涉及物理层的信号检测与处理以及链路层的控制与优化。文中对频谱感知技术的最新研究进展情况进行了综述,重点总结和分析了检测算法的性能、协作融合算法以及感知机制的参数优化,并在此基础上讨论了下一步的研究方向。     

认知无线电最优线性协作宽带频谱感知

本文提出了基于最优线性协作的宽带频谱感知方案。通过次级用户之间的协作,为认知网络的频谱感知提供分集,利用融合中心融合多个次级用户的宽带频谱感知数据来获取最优权重,并生成全局判决统计量,最终使用全局阈值完成最后的检测判决。由于所提出的两种协作宽带感知方案或需要精确地估计授权用户的信号强度和噪声方差,或感知性能不足,因而,还提出一种更易实现的方案。理论分析和仿真结果表明,本文所提出的协作感知方案可以有效地提高频谱感知性能,并且性能优于传统等增益合并方案。      

认知无线电中协作压缩频谱感知算法

针对宽带频谱认知无线电环境中,传统能量检测法在信噪比较低时,容易出现误检而使系统的检测性能下降的问题,文中提出了一种新型高性能的协作频谱感知算法,它是基于压缩理论的多节点频谱感知方法,各节点之间采用基于双判决门限的协作方式。仿真结果显示,双门限协作压缩频谱感知算法在低信噪比的情况下,检测性能明显优于传统能量检测法。     

认知无线电中频谱感知技术

固定频谱分配政策导致频谱使用率低下,为克服这一缺点,人们提出使用认知无线电技术实现动态频谱接入,从而有效利用频谱空穴。频谱感知是认知无线电的关键技术。文中介绍了目前已提出的频谱感知技术:发射机检测(包括匹配滤波器检测、能量检测和周期平稳特征检测)、合作检测、接收机检测及基于干扰温度的检测,仿真分析了各种方法的优缺点及有待解决的问题。为满足多用户环境和实时性要求,仍需探讨新的频谱感知方法,提高检测性能。     

基于行列式之差的频谱盲感知算法

为了提高频谱感知性能,提出一种基于自相关矩阵行列式的频谱感知新方法,通过授权信号与噪声信号行列式的不同构建统计量。该方法无需信号先验信息、噪声功率信息与精确同步,是一种适用性更强的盲感知算法。仿真表明,与能量检测算法相比,该方法能够取得更好的检测率,且具有复杂度低、不受噪声不确定性影响等优点。     

认知无线电频谱感知技术研究

认知无线电(CR)作为一种智能通信系统,能够充分了解周围的通信环境,实现频谱的动态利用。频谱感知被用作动态无线电访问的关键技术,并在近些年得到了广泛的研究及应用。文章介绍了三种不同的频谱感知技术:基于发射机的频谱检测、基于接收机的频谱检测和合作检测,并对三种检测技术的性能及优缺点进行了分析。     

认知网络中协作感知吞吐量的优化

为了提高集中式认知网络的吞吐量,提出了基于信任度的吞吐量优化算法.该算法在主用户充分保护的前提下,以认知用户的吞吐量为目标函数,融合中心采用双门限值对本地感知结果进行融合.从理论上证明了吞吐量是全局漏检概率的增函数,当全局漏检概率等于门限值时,吞吐量达到最大值.并利用牛顿迭代法求出单节点概率,然后采用遍历法可得到认知用户吞吐量最大值.仿真结果表明,当信噪比为-14 dB时认知用户融合优化算法相对"AND准则"OR准则"以及"HALF准则"归一化吞吐量分别提高了0.62、0.3和0.09.     

Cooperative blind spectrum sensing using autocorrelation matrix

To improve the spectrum sensing performance in cognitive radios, a scheme of cooperative blind spectrum sensing based on autocorrelation matrix is proposed. The test statistic is extracted from the autocorrelation matrix of the received signal samples and a bi-threshold hybrid decision scheme is designed for local spectrum sensing. The cognitive radio base station makes a credibility fusion based on the local soft decisions and then takes global fusion combining with the local hard decisions. The proposed method is blind in the sense since it requires no apriori knowledge of the signal and the noise power. Theoretical analysis and computer simulation results show that the proposed method can enhance the spectrum sensing capability.     

基于信道统计特征的认知无线电协作频谱检测

针对认知无线电到融合中心间的控制信道为Nakagami-m衰落信道的情况,研究了认知无线电协作频谱检测问题,推导出融合中心利用衰落信道统计特征的似然比协作频谱检测公式.该方法不需要瞬时信道状态信息,简化了协作频谱检测过程,便于实际应用.通过仿真对融合中心的协作频谱检测性能进行了分析,结果表明:利用衰落信道统计特征的似然比协作频谱检测的性能较利用瞬时信道状态信息的似然比频谱检测性能略有下降,但是在高信噪比或衰落不严重的情况下,二者的性能非常接近,认知无线电节点个数对两种频谱检测方法间的性能差距几乎没有影响.     

认知无线电中基于感知信息量化的合作频谱感知

针对认知无线电频谱感知性能的提高与传输开销的矛盾,本文提出了一种基于感知信息量化的合作频谱感知方案。该方法对各认知用户的本地检测结果采用3个判决门限进行2比特位的量化,在融合中心处对量化信息加权处理后,得到最终主用户是否存在的判决。本文详细研究了采用该方案的检测概率,虚警概率和吞吐量,理论分析和仿真结果表明,该方法在每个认知用户只增加1bit传输开销的前提下能够极大的改善检测性能,实现了检测性能与传输开销的较好权衡。     

An intelligent cooperative sensing strategy with low overhead for cognitive radios

As is well known, cooperative sensing can remarkably improve the sensing accuracy by exploiting the spatial diversity of different secondary users. However, a large number of cooperative secondary users reporting their local decisions would induce great detection delay and traffic burden, which degrades the performance of secondary spectrum access. This paper proposes an intelligent cooperative sensing (ICS) strategy with selective reporting and sequential detection to enhance the sensing reliability as well as reduce the sensing overhead for cognitive radios. The tradeoff in the sensing time allocation is studied for ICS and then two novel fusion rules are developed to efficiently obtain the optimum sensing time allocation with different objectives. The performance of ICS is analyzed in terms of miss detection probability and average sensing time, where their closed‐form expressions are derived over Rayleigh fading channels. Simulation results reveal that ICS achieves higher sensing reliability with less sensing overhead than the traditional strategy. It is also shown that the miss detection probability and average sensing time of ICS can be minimized by optimizing the sensing time allocation. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

认知无线电中基于拟合优度的多天线协作频谱检测

本文提出一种噪声方差未知时,基于拟合优度的多天线协作频谱检测方法。通过计算多个天线采样样本均值和方差比的分布函数与经验分布函数之间的Anderson-darling(AD)距离,并与备选的门限值比较,实现频谱检测。论文分析了衰落信道下,基于AD检验的协作频谱检测的虚警概率和检测概率下界。理论分析和仿真结果表明,基于AD检验的协作检测比基于随机矩阵的协作检测具有更好的性能,特别是在低信噪比和小样本条件下。     

Improved cooperative spectrum sensing based on the reputation in cognitive radio networks

Cognitive radio (CR) is a promising technology to improve the utilisation of wireless spectrum resources. Spectrum sensing is the core functionality in CR networks (CRN). When there exist malicious users (MUs) in CRN and MUs start to attack the network after accumulating reputation to some extent, the performance is deteriorated. In this paper, a scheme is proposed by employing Orthogonalized Gnanadesikan–Kettenring (OGK) to mitigate the effect of MUs without the assistance of trusted nodes, and it can improve the robustness of CRN. Simulations verify the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.     

Cooperative transmissions for secondary spectrum access in cognitive radios

In cognitive radio networks (CRNs), the primary users (PUs) and secondary users (SUs) will interfere with each other, which may severely degrade the performances of both primary and secondary transmissions. In this paper, we propose a two‐phase cognitive transmission (TCT) protocol for secondary spectrum access in CRNs, aiming at improving the secondary transmission performance while guaranteeing the quality‐of‐service (QoS) of primary transmissions. In TCT protocol, SUs gain the opportunities to access the licensed spectrum through assisting primary transmissions using superposition coding (SC), where SUs limit their transmit power to satisfy a given primary QoS requirement and also employ interference cancelation technique to mitigate the interference from PUs. Under the constraint of satisfying a required primary outage probability, we derive the closed‐form expressions of secondary outage probabilities over Rayleigh fading channels for proposed TCT protocol. Numerical and simulation results reveal that, with a guaranteed primary outage probability, TCT achieves better secondary transmission performance than traditional case. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Effective autocorrelation-based spectrum sensing technique for cognitive radio network applications

Spectrum sensing based on detection techniques enables cognitive radio networks to detect vacant frequency bands. The spectrum sensing gives the opportunity to increase the radio spectrum channels re-utilization. However, the main challenge in spectrum sensing is the simplicity of the considered detection approach and the amount of prior information needed to make an accurate decision. This paper proposes a novel sensing technique based on the autocorrelation function. This novel approach is based on the speed of convergence to zero of all autocorrelation coefficients. This technique shows the highest probability of detection for the same probability of false alarm target at low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) compared with many standard detection techniques. The proposed method has been implemented using GNU Radio software and SDR (software-defined radio) platforms. The experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed method under real scenarios.     

基于观测矩阵优化的自适应压缩频谱感知

推导了自适应压缩感知中的重构估算误差,研究了如何降低观测矩阵列向量之间的自相关性,分析了观测矩阵优化对压缩感知重构算法的影响。将观测矩阵优化与压缩感知自适应过程相结合,提出了基于观测矩阵优化的自适应压缩频谱感知算法。仿真结果证实,所提算法比传统算法重构时产生的均方误差(MSE)更低,在同一观测次数下检测概率更高,在达到同等接收操作性能(ROC)时所需观测次数更少。     

一种基于PN累积自相关的DTMB频谱感知新算法

针对数字电视地面广播传输标准(DTMB)的频谱感知问题,提出了一种新的基于DTMB信号帧中伪随机(PN)序列累积自相关的频谱感知算法。所提算法的创新性在于通过联合多个不同相关间隔的累积自相关结果作为频谱感知的检验统计量,充分利用了有限频谱感知时间内的信号信息。仿真结果表明,当把感知时间设为50 ms时,为了确保频谱感知检测的虚警概率和漏验概率都低于0.01,针对DTMB信号的3种帧头模式,所提算法所需的信噪比分别为-20.5 dB、-21 dB和-22 dB,优于已有的频谱感知算法。此外,仿真结果还表明载波频偏和多径衰落对所提算法的性能几乎没有影响。