Zr-Ti复合脱氧对低碳高强钢大线能量焊接粗晶区韧性的影响

通过光学显微镜和电子显微镜对比分析了Zr-Ti复合脱氧和传统Al脱氧两种脱氧方式低合金高强度钢在大线能量埋弧焊条件下焊接热影响区粗晶区的组织,研究了两种脱氧方式对粗晶区低温冲击韧性的影响.结果表明:经过Zr-Ti复合脱氧处理后,低合金高强度钢中形成了许多细小弥散的Zr-Ti复合氧化物粒子,这些粒子具有高温稳定性,在焊接过程中起到了钉扎焊接热影响区粗晶区奥氏体晶界移动来抑制晶粒长大和促进针状铁素体形成,所以在较大的埋弧焊焊接线能量(51 kJ/cm)条件下改善了钢板的低温冲击韧性.     

Zr-Ti复合脱氧对低合金高强度钢CGHAZ组织和韧性的影响

对Zr-Ti复合脱氧低合金高强度30mm厚钢板采用气体保护焊进行多层多道焊接,利用光学显微镜,扫描电子显微镜及能谱分析对焊接热影响区组织进行了观察与分析．结果表明,该区域存在大量微米、亚微米级的复合铬、钛氧化物夹杂,呈细小弥散分布,没有发现条状MnS夹杂物的存在．夹杂物粒子在晶界和晶内析出,钉扎奥氏体品界,有效抑制了奥氏体晶粒长大,晶粒粗化不明显．在粗晶区奥氏体晶粒内部优先形成的针状铁素体,能有效分割奥氏体晶粒,细化组织．焊接热影响区粗晶区的力学性能测试表明,Zr-Ti复合脱氧技术使焊件具有良好的低温冲击韧性．     

Zr对高强度钢热影响区第二相粒子及韧性影响

研究了0.012 4%锆对低合金高强度钢焊接热影响区粗晶区第二相粒子和冲击韧性的影响.结果表明,模拟20 kJ/cm焊接线能量下无锆钢焊接热影响区粗晶区中第二相粒子为Al-Ti复合氧化物和（Ti,Nb） N析出物.而含锆钢则是Zr-Al-Ti复合氧化物及（Al,Ti,Nb） N和（Ti,Nb） N析出物.同时,定量数据分析表明含锆钢中氧化物和氮化物粒子密度更高且尺寸更加细小.这些高密度的细小的第二相粒子在焊接过程中能有效钉扎晶界移动,抑制奥氏体晶粒粗化,在焊接热影响区粗晶区中得到尺寸相对细小均匀的原奥氏体晶粒,使得含锆钢焊接热影响区粗晶区呈现韧性断裂和极好的低温冲击韧性.     

含铜时效钢气体保护焊热影响区的组织与性能

研究了含铜时效钢气体保护焊热影响区的组织与性能。结果表明，在试验所用热输入范围内（1．2～2．3kJ／mm），含铜时效钢具有良好的焊接性能。焊接接头的拉伸强度同母材相比没有明显差异，且HAZ拉伸强度对热输入变化不敏感；焊接热影响区具有较高的冲击韧性，熔合线是HAZ中韧性最差的部位；和传统调质型船体用钢相比，含铜时效钢HAZ硬化和软化现象不明显；热输入对含铜时效钢粗晶区组织影响显著，随着热输入的增大，粗晶区组织由细板条贝氏体向粗大的粒状贝氏体转变。     

TiNb钢焊接热影响区微观组织与冲击性能演变规律

利用热模拟技术研究了焊接热循环参数对高热输入焊接用TiNb钢焊接热影响区粗晶区的组织及冲击韧性的影响规律. 结果表明,TiNb钢焊接热循环峰值温度升高,珠光体和铁素体的含量明显减少,贝氏体的含量增多,贝氏体板条组织明显粗化,导致冲击韧性下降;高温停留时间延长,贝氏体和珠光体含量大幅降低,多边形铁素体含量增加,高温停留时间为10 s以上时,多边形铁素体组织粗化严重,冲击韧性急剧降低. 在合适的冷却时间条件下,以晶粒细小的针状铁素体组织为主,冲击韧性达到最大值. 较低的热循环峰值温度、较短的高温停留时间和合适的冷却时间,可以获得晶粒细小的铁素体组织,从而可以显著提高热影响粗晶区的冲击韧性.     

热输入对QT900对接焊CGHAZ韧性的影响

文中采用热模拟技术、显微分析技术和断口分析等手段,研究了焊接热输入对QT900连续油管对接焊焊接热影响区粗晶区冲击韧性的影响规律及其脆化机理.结果表明,5 kJ/cm的焊接热输入下热影响区粗晶区可获得板条束细小的针状贝氏体,有利于吸收冲击能量,冲击韧性优良;随着焊接热输入从5 kJ/cm增大到10 kJ/cm,热影响区粗晶区晶粒尺寸增大,贝氏体铁素体板条变宽,并且沿着原始奥氏体晶界析出了网状的仿晶型铁素体,导致热影响区粗晶区韧性的恶化.     

热输入对Q500CF钢板焊接热影响区组织和冲击性能的影响

通过埋弧焊试验和Gleeble热模拟试验研究了热输入对Q500CF钢热影响区(HAZ)组织和冲击性能的影响.埋弧焊结果表明,热输入为15～ 50 kJ/cm时,HAZ的-20℃冲击吸收功大于等于146 J;HAZ中熔合线(FL)处冲击吸收功最低且随热输入增大而减小.组织观察表明,随热输入增加,粗晶区组织由15 kJ/cm时的板条贝氏体(LB)和粒状贝氏体(GB)转变为50 kJ/cm时的GB组织;临界粗晶区在晶界上出现了大量l ～7 μm的M-A组元,导致低温冲击韧性恶化.Gleeble热模拟结果表明,热输入为50 ～ 70 kJ/cm时,粗晶区GB组织粗化并导致该区冲击韧性恶化.因此为确保多道焊焊接接头HAZ低温冲击韧性,焊接热输入应限制在15～50 kJ/cm之间.     

焊接热输入对Q690／Q890高强钢GMAW接头裂纹及显微组织的影响

本文采用GMAW焊接方法对Q690＋Q890高强钢进行直Y形坡口铁研试验,分析焊接热输入对Q690＋Q890低合金高强钢裂纹敏感性的影响以及不同热输入下接头显微组织与焊接接头力学性能关系。试验结果表明：采用采用MK·GHS60,MK·GHS70焊丝不预热焊接条件下,根部裂纹率均小于20％,焊前无需预热,焊接热输入应控制在12—20．93kJ／cm范围内。当焊接热输入从12kJ／Cm提高到17．02kJ／cm时,焊缝及Q890钢热影响区粗晶区奥氏体内部组织明显细化,抗裂性和韧性较好,而焊接热输入较高时,焊缝及Q890钢热影响区粗晶区生成上贝氏体等组织,严重降低接头韧性。     

X70管线钢焊接热影响区组织和韧性研究

通过焊接热模拟的方法，研究了焊接线能量对X70管线钢焊接热影响区组织和低温韧性的影响。结果表明，在25kJ／cm的焊接线能量下，热影响区粗晶区的组织发生粗化，韧性显著降低；随着焊接线能量增加，低温韧性进一步恶化。然而，焊接线能量对细晶区的组织和低温韧性影响不大，在60kJ／cm的大焊接线能量下．细晶区仍能获得优良的低温韧性。     

焊接热输入对超低碳贝氏体钢热影响区CGHAZ组织性能影响

为探索不同焊接热输入对超低碳贝氏体钢焊接接头热影响区(CGHAZ)粗晶区显微组织和冲击性能的影响,采用Gleeble 3500热模拟试验机模拟不同热输入,研究热输入对Q420qEN钢接头热影响区粗晶区的显微组织和冲击韧性的影响,并采用扫描电镜、示波冲击和透射电镜等技术对钢热影响区粗晶区进行了表征.结果表明,随着焊接热输...     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。