新型奥氏体不锈钢Super304H焊接工艺评定

Super304H是奥氏体锅炉用钢,针对Super304H钢的焊接特点,采用全程根部充氩的手工钨极氩弧焊、Thermanit 617焊丝、110～120A的焊接电流、100～150℃的道间温度的焊接工艺进行试板焊接.试验结果证明,该工艺可保证Super304H钢焊接接头的综合力学性能符合要求.     

电厂超超临界锅炉Super304钢焊接工艺

介绍了华能玉环电厂4×1000 MW 2号机组工程,焊接Super304钢所遇到的质量问题及采取的焊接工艺方法,对其焊接进行了探讨,为今后焊接该钢提供了借鉴.     

锅炉用Super304H钢的腐蚀性能研究

从钢材化学成分的角度出发,通过改变钢中Nb、C元素含量,开展了锅炉用钢材腐蚀性能研究。结果表明,Nb、C元素含量对钢材晶间腐蚀性能影响较大,当Nb/C比大于7.8时,可以保证Nb(C,N)充分析出,有利于提高锅炉用钢材的抗腐蚀性能。     

Super304H钢和TP304H钢晶间腐蚀敏感性研究

利用电化学动电位再活化法(EPR)测试了Super304H钢和TP304H钢的晶间腐蚀敏感性.结果表明,Super304H钢和TP304H钢的再活化率在同一个数量级上.Super304H钢和TP304H钢组织中都没有明显的Cr23C6析出相,所以未出现明显的基体贫铬现象,因此二者具有优良的耐晶间腐蚀性能.     

超超临界机组用Super304H钢焊接接头的组织和性能

采用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜及能谱仪等手段,通过拉伸试验、弯曲试验、冲击试验和硬度试验,研究超超临界机组用Super304H奥氏体耐热钢焊接接头的微观组织和力学性能。结果表明:Super304H钢焊接接头的组织均为γ+析出相,热影响区的晶粒尺寸有明显的长大,焊缝组织是典型的胞状树枝晶,枝晶界上的析出相主要为Nb(C,N)。Super304H钢焊接接头具有较高的强度和良好的塑韧性,但接头的组织形态对韧性有重要影响,粗大的柱状晶是焊缝韧性降低的重要原因,熔合区因Nb(C,N)析出强化硬度较高。     

焊丝YT-304H和Thermanit6l7焊接Super304H的工艺对比

分析了Super304H不锈钢作为高合金耐热钢的工作环境和焊接工作重要性。采用两种化学成分有差异的焊丝YT-304H和Thermanit617对Super304H不锈钢管材进行焊接,对两种不同焊丝的施工焊接工艺和工艺控制措施进行了对比研究。针对Super304H不锈钢现场施焊过程,并通过焊接后射线底片评定工作、焊接试样性能检测的反馈情况,提出了Super304H不锈钢焊接时各环节的质量控制要点,从而提高了Super304H不锈钢现场焊口的合格率,完善了Super304H不锈钢焊接工艺措施的制定。     

超临界锅炉机组过热器用Super304H钢管道TIG焊接有限元分析

基于ANSYS软件平台,建立了Super304H钢管道TIG焊接的有限元数值分析模型.采用单元生死的热源模式进行加载,获得了焊接温度场分布规律.利用温度-应力间接耦合的方法计算了焊接残余应力场.结果表明:在焊缝及附近区域,管道外表面的环向和轴向残余应力均为压应力,管道内表面为较大的残余拉应力.在焊趾处,管道内表面的环向残余应力最大值约260MPa,轴向残余最大值约230MPa.     

Super304H钢焊接接头的晶间腐蚀敏感性

利用电化学动电位再活化法(EPR)测试了Super 304H钢焊接接头焊缝和母材的晶间腐蚀敏感性.结果表明,Super 304H钢焊缝和母材均呈现出较低的晶间腐蚀倾向.进一步用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪和透射电镜研究了它们的微观组织结构,焊缝和母材均为单一的奥氏体组织+少量析出相,二者都未探测到明显的Cr23C6析出相,所以未出现明显的基体贫铬现象,但是焊缝金属因与母材合金元素等存在差异,导致其在H2SO4和KSCN溶液中的耐晶间腐蚀性能稍好于母材.     

时效温度对Super304H钢析出相的影响

利用扫描电子显微镜、电子探针、X射线衍射和透射电镜研究了新型奥氏体耐热钢Super304H在高温时效条件下析出相的变化.结果表明,Super304H钢经700～1250℃时效后,组织中出现4种析出相:Nb(C,N)、富Cu相、M_(23)C_6和NbCrN.随时效温度的不同,析出相发生析出或溶解的变化,同时它们的形态、分布和数量随温度变化呈现出不同的变化规律,其中M23C6在700～900℃主要沿晶界析出,这将会降低钢的高温蠕变强度及抗晶间腐蚀性能.     

Super304H钢600℃时效的组织和韧性

利用金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射仪,通过冲击试验,研究了Super304H钢在600℃时效条件下的微观组织和韧性。结果表明,Super304H钢在600℃时效条件下基体组织均是单一奥氏体相,析出相主要由Nb(C,N)、富Cu相和M23C6组成;时效时间不同,析出相的数量、形态和分布不同。其中M23C6沿晶析出是引起时效Super304H钢发生脆化的主要原因,且冲击吸收能量下降幅度与晶界上M23C6数量有关。     

Super304H耐热钢时效过程中的奥氏体晶粒长大及力学性能

对经过预变形和短时固溶处理得到的不同晶粒度Super304H管材进行750℃×129 h高温时效处理,以模拟Super304H钢管长时服役过程的奥氏体晶粒长大。采用OM、EBSD、TEM等测试手段表征了奥氏体晶粒晶界特征,探讨了时效过程中奥氏体晶粒长大机制;通过室温及高温拉伸测试研究了时效后不同奥氏体晶粒尺寸对Super304H钢力学性能的影响。结果表明,经预变形和短时固溶后,Super304H耐热钢管试样主要织构为<111>//RD(Rolling direction),时效过程中该取向的奥氏体晶粒以吞噬其他高畸变晶粒为代价进一步生长;经高温时效后,Super304H钢管试样室温、高温拉伸性能随着晶粒尺寸的增大均呈下降趋势,伸长率随晶粒尺寸增大下降明显。伸长率可作为服役态Super304H耐热钢管金属监督的重点指标。     

时效温度对Super304H钢组织和韧性的影响

通过对时效条件下Super304H钢的微观组织分析,研究了Super304H钢组织变化对韧性的影响。结果表明：Super304H钢在600～700℃的时效温度范围内,随温度升高组织中析出相数量不断增加,但不同析出相的数量增加趋势不同,Nb（C,N）的数量呈缓慢增加趋势,而M23C6的数量先快速增加然后增加幅度趋缓。随M23C6析出量增大,冲击功相应降低,因此M23C6沿晶析出应是Super304H钢时效脆化的主要原因。     

Influence of chemical composition on intergranular corrosion susceptibility of novel Super304H austenitic heat-resistant steel

In order to investigate the influence of chemical compositions on the intergranular corrosion (IGC) resistance of the Super304H steel, the chemical compositions and IGC levels of as received Super304H tubes were analysed and evaluated respectively by spectral analysis, scanning electron microscopy and immersion test in H₂SO₄–CuSO₄–Cu chip solution. The results show that there exist four IGC levels in all the tubes. In condition of similar C content or similar Nb content, the IGC susceptibility is revealed to change randomly with the increasing Nb content or C content, respectively. Further more, when C content is more than 0·10%, Super304H steel will be easily sensitised to IGC, while almost all the tubes without IGC susceptibility have Nb content close to 0·60% of upper Nb limit. As to the influence of Nb/C mass ratio on IGC resistance, the sample with Nb/C ratio less than 5·00 will be easily sensitised and the sample with Nb/C ratio more than 8·15 will have no IGC susceptibility, but the IGC levels of tubes with Nb/C ratio between 5·00 and 8·15 incline to fluctuate randomly. The high susceptibility of some samples in this Nb/C region is attributed to the improper heat treatment process.     

时效温度对Super 304H钢焊缝金属组织和韧性影响

采用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、能谱仪、X射线衍射分析等方法并通过冲击试验,研究了时效温度600~700℃,500 h时效条件下Super 304H钢焊缝金属的组织和冲击韧性变化.结果表明,焊缝金属组织均为γ＋析出相,焊态焊缝组织中主要析出相种类为Nb（C,N）和富铜相,时效组织中析出相种类又新增加了M23C6;随时效...     

TP304H/12Cr1MoV异种钢管的瞬时液相扩散连接

用FeNiCrSiB (A)合金作中间层,氩气保护,对12Cr1MoV珠光体耐热钢和TP304H奥氏体不锈钢管进行了瞬时液相扩散连接.用正交试验的方法研究了工艺参数对接头组织和性能的影响,分析了TLP连接接头的显微组织、断口形貌、力学性能和元素分布,确定出了合适的连接工艺参数.研究结果表明,连接温度1240℃,等温凝固时间3min,压力4MPa时,接头的强度最高达到590MPa,其断口呈韧性断裂特征.     

Influence of high temperature softening and solid solution on intergranular corrosion susceptibility of Super304H stainless steel

Thermos-mechanical processes were investigated to suppress the high intergranular corrosion sensitivity of Super304H austenitic stainless steel. The microstructure and grain boundary character distribution were characterised, respectively, by scanning electron microscope and electron backscatter diffraction analysis. The degree of sensitisation (DOS) was evaluated by the double-loop electrochemical polarisation reactivation test. The results show that the bulk primary Nb(C,N) particles were dissolved more into the matrix after high temperature softening at 1300°C for more than 30 min and the special boundaries (∑ ≤ 29) maintained at the same level as the as-received state after solid solution at 1150°C. The DOS was decreased after high-temperature softening and solid solution treatments, which was attributed mainly to the dissolution of primary bulk Nb(C,N) phase during high-temperature softening and the dispersive precipitation of the secondary fine Nb(C,N) phase during solid solution, which had effectively consumed carbon.     

H08A焊接用盘条控冷工艺优化

对H08A焊接用盘条批量试制中出现的强度偏高、性能不稳定及组织异常进行了分析,优化了轧后控冷工艺。结果表明,采用吐丝温度（920±10）℃,风冷辊道速度0.30 m/s的控冷工艺,H08A盘条性能稳定、组织良好。