空调用过滤瓶数控旋压成形工艺研究

结合缩径成形和旋压过程,建立了薄壁管缩径旋压变形力的理论计算模型和旋压力的计算公式, 并对旋压方式、道次压下量Δ及旋轮进给比f等成形工艺参数对滚珠旋压成形的影响进行了试验研究.     

缩径挤压工艺及模具设计

根据零件成形特点,分析了成形前的坯料加工工艺,找出了坯料加工与挤压成形的切入点,设计了正挤缩径与反挤成形组合工艺装置,综述了缩径挤压模具的设计要点、模具结构、工作原理及实际应用效果。     

薄壁管壳体环矢挤压缩径工艺仿真分析与研究

目的 针对空心薄壁件在缩径成形工序中力学性质难以观测且缩径成形加工效率较低的问题,提出一种使用18瓣环矢挤压模具进行环矢挤压一次性成形的缩径工艺,并研究了该工艺下薄壁管壳体的弹塑性变形规律。方法 以外径6.3 mm、壁厚2 mm、颈缩宽度1 mm的小尺寸薄壁管壳体（Q255材料）为研究对象,基于Barlat’96屈服准则和M–K沟槽理论,结合L.H.Donnell理论,建立管壳体环矢挤压缩径的塑性微元应力模型,通过ANSYS软件建立环矢挤压缩径工艺有限元模型,并进行数值模拟分析,获得管壳体环矢挤压过程中内壁面和颈缩区厚度方向的应力分布规律;最后进行实验验证,利用千分尺测量外径,采用应力测定仪测量中心位点应力,验证了该工艺下仿真结果的准确性。结论 颈缩区域宽径比越大,缩径成形越远离弹性区;内壁面的应力整体呈凸状分布;卸载后,壁厚方向的残余应力呈从外壁到内壁逐渐增大的线性分布趋势,缩径区中心点最大残余等效应力为319.76MPa,分布在挤压部位的内表面;经实验验证,内壁面中心位点的最大残余应力为183MPa,其与仿真分析结果（202.5MPa）的吻合度高达91.5%,验证了仿真结果的准确性...     

芯轴摩擦系数对推压-拉拔复合缩径的影响

推压-拉拔复合缩径工艺是管坯减径的新方法,芯轴外表面与管坯内表面之间摩擦系数对工艺有重要的影响。通过建立推压-拉拔复合缩径变形过程中变形管坯的力学模型,分析了芯轴外表面与管坯内表面之间摩擦系数对成形的影响规律。针对某载重6.5 t胀压成形汽车桥壳管件的第一道次推压-拉拔复合缩径,设定不同的芯轴摩擦系数,进行了有限元仿真,得到了芯轴摩擦系数对管坯变形的影响规律,并基于管坯传力区不失稳以及变形所需凹模推力和芯轴拉拔力较小,给出了芯轴摩擦系数的设定范围。进行了缩径实验,实验和有限元模拟的结果接近。较小的芯轴摩擦系数可能造成管坯起皱失稳,而较大的芯轴摩擦系数,有利于降低管坯轴向压应力、凹模推力和芯轴拉拔力,但可能造成管坯表面划伤。     

三旋轮缩旋时金属变形规律研究

利用三旋轮自动错距旋压机对管坯进行缩旋成形实验,分别研究了缩径量和旋压道次等工艺参数对缩旋成形的影响规律,并探讨了其变形机理,结果表明,三旋轮缩旋时变形区坯料的壁厚减薄,轴向长度增加,壁厚减薄量与总的缩径量成正比,在缩径量相同的条件下,旋压道次增多,坯料壁厚减薄的程度也增大。     

轮毂轴管终锻成形模拟研究

根据某规格汽车轮毂轴管零件的形状尺寸特点,设计了预锻毛坯和2种终锻成形方案,并对所制定的2种终锻方案进行了工艺和模拟分析。2种方案的模拟结果显示,顺序成形过程稳定,变形只局限于端部;一次镦粗变形不局限于变形的端部,在变形结束时有少量金属流入杆部,这将会使端部缺料和杆部出现折叠和缩径缺陷。顺序成形可改善模具的受力状况,成形力有所降低,提高了模具寿命。根据力-行程曲线,应严格控制变形部位金属的体积,实现小飞边精密锻造,避免成形力在成形最后阶段急剧增大,以致损坏模具和设备。     

管件电磁成形数值模拟方法及缩径变形分析

随着电磁成形工艺应用的发展,需要强有力的数值模拟方法来预测成形过程,并用来指导成形系统设计.归纳了现有的电磁成形模拟方法及各自的特点,讨论了模拟中存在的问题和面临的挑战.应用FEM软件ANSYS对铝合金管件电磁缩径成形进行了数值模拟,研究了管件均匀缩径变形规律.变形管坯轮廓验证了电磁缩径成形的模拟结果.     

大拉深比薄壁筒形件充液成形过程数值模拟

目的利用充液成形工艺成形普通拉深工艺难成形的大拉深比筒形件。方法通过理论公式计算了冷冲压工艺成形该制件的道次,利用有限元软件Dynaform对充液成形过程进行了3个步骤模拟,并研究了第1步拉深时初始反胀高度对成形制件减薄率的影响规律。结果利用理论公式计算,传统冲压方法成形拉深比为3.2的筒形件至少需要5个道次,而采用被动式充液成形方法只需要3个道次。每个道次的最大减薄率都在8%以内,最后得到拉深制件的最大减薄率为8.53%,在安全范围以内;第1步充液拉深时,反胀高度分别为1.75,2.75,3.75,4.75,5.75 mm时,得到制件的最大减薄率分别为5.28%,5.08%,4.8%,5.03%,5.03%。结论充液成形工艺较传统冲压工艺可以大大提高板料的成形极限,减少成形道次,成形制件质量好;合适的初始反胀高度,可以减小成形制件壁厚的最大减薄率。     

多道次拉深复合成形工艺研究

以典型深拉深件滤清器罩壳为研究对象,对其原有成形工艺方案进行分析,提出采用多道次拉深挤切复合成形的工艺方案,设计出了集落料、拉深、修边、整形于一体的复合成形模具.提高了生产效率和生产安全性,降低了生产成本.     

钛合金阀体件“一模多件”铸造工艺优化设计

目的 对钛合金阀体件“一模多件”铸造工艺进行优化研究,达到降低成本、保证铸件产品质量的目的。方法 以ZTA2钛合金阀体件为研究对象,基于零件壁厚范围较宽的结构特点、零件的技术要求与生产实际现状,结合经验分析及数值模拟仿真技术进行铸造工艺设计。结果 确定分型面和浇冒口的设计,在热节点及孤立液相区域设置补缩冒口,通过数值模拟对铸件模拟结果的缩孔缩松情况进行分析,优化冒口的设计,增加补缩通道,最终确定合理的“一模多件”开放式浇注系统。对于“一模多件”铸造工艺,通过合理设计浇注系统,可以有效保证浇注过程中各层铸件的平稳浇注。浇注系统宜采用开放式的浇注系统,直浇道、横浇道、内浇口的截面积比例为1∶2∶4。结论 采用机加工石墨型铸造,在真空凝壳炉完成熔炼,在浇注温度为1 770 ℃、模壳预热温度为200 ℃的情况下,采用重力浇注的形式在真空凝壳炉中铸造生产出钛合金阀体件,所获得的铸件无铸造缺陷,其成分和力学性能均满足质量要求。研究结果表明,在铸造过程中使用数值模拟技术可以优化铸造工艺设计,缩短产品试制周期,大大提高生产效率。     

汽车零部件(轴)的可靠性稳健优化设计

应用汽车零部件可靠性稳健优化设计的理论方法,对汽车典型轴系零部件,如半轴、前轴和后桥进行了可靠性稳健优化设计,给出了计算仿真分析结果,为工程实际的汽车零部件的可靠性稳健优化设计提供了理论依据。     

基于模具补偿法的机械式胀形桥壳回弹控制

目的解决由回弹引起的机械式胀形桥壳形状尺寸不精确的问题。方法采用Marc软件平台和物理实验相结合的方法展开研究,运用补偿法对模具进行修正,补偿回弹量。结果机械式胀形过程中,桥壳回弹量较大,单侧回弹量达到6.06 mm,严重影响其形状尺寸精度。结论通过对模具进行适当修正,桥壳回弹量得到了很好补偿,成形效果较好,得到了符合要求的桥壳零件,进一步完善了该工艺的理论基础。     

球铁后桥壳的铸造工艺设计及数值模拟

首先对后桥壳进行初步的铸造工艺方案设计,然后运用铸造数值模拟软件华铸CAE对其充型和凝固过程进行模拟,预测可能产生的铸造缺陷及部位,分析缺陷产生的主要原因,从而改进工艺.经多次CAE模拟优化获得最优工艺,可减少铸造缺陷,保证铸件质量.     

Acceleration of regeneration treatment for nanostructured bainitic steel welding by static recrystallisation

Abstract

In order to accelerate bainite transformation during regeneration treatment following nanostructured bainite steel welding, static recrystallisation mechanism is adopted to refine the coarse grain size during two-pass welding. Large mechanical deformation was introduced into the coarse grain zone of the first weld pass, where static recrystallisation would occur with thermal effect of the second weld pass. Static recrystallisation kinetics of nanostructure bainite was studied by two-pass hot deformation experiments. The explicit temperature function of two-pass welding was presented, and effect of welding parameters on static recrystallisation of the deformed coarse grain zone was analysed. Experimental results showed that grains in original coarse grain zone were greatly refined and that nanostructured bainite regeneration was remarkably accelerated.     

Failure of a fairground ride

On 22 February 1997, one of the arms of an “Octopus” amusement ride, operating at the Rylestone Show in New South Wales (NSW), Australia, became detached from the central pylon, allowing the passenger carriage at the end of the arm to fall to the ground. This accident resulted in the death of one of the three young occupants. The Octopus ride is shown after the accident in Fig. 1. The ride had eight arms that rotated along with the central pylon while also moving up and down by pivoting through an axle attached to the central pylon. The axle pivoted in two bearings (one at each end of the axle) fitted to housings attached to the central pylon. To allow disassembly of the arms when the ride was transported from town to town, a cast steel bearing cap was fitted to the top of each housing. The cap was hinged to the housing at the inboard end and bolted to the housing by a retaining bolt at the outboard end. Detachment of the arm was found to have occurred as a result of fracture of the bearing cap and the retaining bolt, which then allowed the axle to move out of its housing. The ride was first registered in 1956 (the year that registration became compulsory in NSW) but had been in service for some time prior to that and may have been built as early as 1939.^[1] This paper presents the findings of a metallurgical analysis of the failure.     

Mesh matching and contact patch test

 Mesh matching discussed in this paper refers to a situation when two adjacent lines or surfaces with different meshes on them joint together. A mesh matching formulation is given by enforcing sticking conditions on the jointed lines and surfaces. The preservation of uniform displacements (stress distributions) across the matched meshes is investigated. This, in the contact context, is usually called patch test. The conditions to ensure the formulation pass the patch test are derived, that include partition of unity and compatible conditions of shape functions, as well as the inf-sup condition of the augmented equilibrium equations. The proposed formulation is a general one from which some special cases, such as one-pass and two-pass node-to-surface contact procedures, can be recovered. Various examples are given to show the patch test performances of lower and higher-order mesh matching (contact) formulations for both straight and curved inter faces in 1-D. For a general 2-D problem, an example demonstrates that, unlike its behaviours in 1-D, two-pass node-to-surface contact procedure using linear elements could not pass the patch test. Dedicated to the memory of Prof. Mike Crisfield, for his cheerfulness and cooperation as a colleague and friend over many years.     

Dissimilar joining of galvanized high-strength steel to aluminum alloy in a zero-gap lap joint configuration by two-pass laser welding

A welding procedure based on using two-pass laser scans is introduced for dissimilar joining of overlapped galvanized high-strength dual-phase (DP) steel DP590 to aluminum alloy (AA) 6061 sheets. The first pass is based on a defocused laser spot that scans across the top of the two overlapped sheets and heats the zinc coating at the faying surface to be melted and partially vaporized, while the second pass is executed with a focused laser spot in order to perform the welding. Completely defect-free galvanized steel to aluminum lap joints were obtained by using this two-pass laser welding procedure. An on-line machine vision system was applied to monitor the keyhole dynamics during the laser welding process. An energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) was carried out to determine the atomic percent of zinc, aluminum, and iron in the galvanized steel to aluminum lap joints. Mechanical testing and micro-hardness test were conducted to evaluate the mechanical properties of the galvanized steel to aluminum lap joints. The experimental results showed that the lap joint of galvanized steel to aluminum obtained by the two-pass laser welding approach had a higher failure value than those joints obtained when the zinc at the faying surface was mechanically removed under the same welding speed and laser power.     

服役工况下高速动车组齿轮箱箱体振动特性分析

为探究某高速动车组齿轮箱箱体在服役工况下的振动特性,对齿轮箱开展线路跟踪服役试验,通过分析测试系统在齿轮箱箱体多路线工况下采集的数据,研究其所真实反映的齿轮箱箱体及轴箱在实际运营线路中的振动特性.结果表明:齿轮箱箱体的振动比轴箱的振动更易受到列车速度变化的影响,且箱体的振动加速度与列车运行速度变化趋势基本一致;试验动车...     

Ti321钛合金轴箱铸件石墨型铸造工艺研究

目的 研究钛合金高铁轴箱铸件采用石墨铸型工艺时,铸件尺寸、成形及内部质量控制技术。方法 通过对高铁轴箱铸件的结构特点进行分析,针对铸件结构复杂、尺寸比较大、铸件成形比较困难、容易变形的特点,开展了铸型结构设计、铸件尺寸控制技术和铸件成形工艺等方面研究。采用多活块组合的石墨铸型,设计底注开放式浇注系统,利用Procast软件对高铁轴箱铸件的浇注方案进行了模拟分析。选用Ti321合金,设定合理的浇注参数,利用真空自耗电极凝壳炉对铸件进行浇注。结果 铸件成形良好,经过热等静压和后精整后的铸件,铸件内外部冶金质量和性能指标,满足客户标准要求,验证了方案的合理性。结论 铸件的计算机模拟对铸件工艺的设计提供了技术支撑,高铁轴箱铸件采用的石墨型浇注工艺比较合理。     

Analysis of failure of axle housing of crane truck with fracture mechanics

The failure of an axle housing in a crane truck has been successfully analyzed with the aid of fracture mechanics. The cause of failure was the field addition of stop blocks welded to the axle housing. The time from crack penetration of the axle housing to final failure was too short for the presence of such a crack to have been detected by routine maintenance.