Psychology and Social Work.

The comments concerning social work and psychology which have appeared in the American Psychologist in recent years (Andriola, December 1951; Singer, December 1952; Joyce, January 1957; Andriola, January 1957) have been both heartening and disturbing: heartening in that they reflect an increasing awareness of the need for greater mutual understanding and disturbing in that the implication is conveyed that the other profession should assume primary responsibility for interpreting itself. The present concern with understanding the role of the other profession, and the desire to be understood ourselves, reflects in part, I think, the current struggle each profession is going through in defining its own role, responsibilities, and limitations. The goal, it would seem, is to develop an understanding and awareness of the related profession which enables one to work harmoniously and effectively with members of that profession and utilize their special services to the benefit of the client. How can this best be accomplished? I would suggest by each profession taking an increasing responsibility for providing adequate opportunities for their aspirants to come into interactive relationship with members of the related profession, and at a graduate training level. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Training Psychology Interns in Primary Behavioral Health Care.

This article describes a training program for primary behavioral health care (PBHC) for clinical psychology interns. The authors discuss the rationale for integrating mental health into primary care and the need for additional training programs at the predoctoral internship level. A review of relevant literature suggests that effective functioning in primary care requires competence in (a) generalist psychology, (b) health psychology, (c) interdisciplinary team functioning, and (d) skills specific to primary care. The authors advocate for a relatively intensive training program to address these areas. Common intern training difficulties observed during 3 years of program implementation are discussed. Practical, lessons-learned recommendations that address these problem areas provide guidance for others seeking to develop a PBHC training program. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Individual-Level and Group-Level Relationships Between Organizational Characteristics, Work Characteristics and Psychological Work Reactions in Nursing Work: A Multilevel Study.

The aim of the current study was to analyze individual- and group-level effects of organizational characteristics and work characteristics on psychological work reactions in nursing. Questionnaires were distributed to 1,721 nurses working In 15 general hospitals in the Netherlands. Several multilevel analyses, with individuals (i.e., nurses) at the 1st level, units at the 2nd level, and hospitals at the 3rd level, were performed on the authors' hierarchical data. Nurses' intrinsic work motivation was particularly predicted by individual-level social support and also by individual-level decision authority. Nurses' emotional exhaustion could mainly be explained by individual-level workload, individual-level social support, and group-level decision authority. The authors concluded that most of the group-level effects of organizational and work characteristics did not differ from the individual-level effects. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A Predoctoral Field Placement in Primary Care: Keeping It Simple.

The supply of psychologists with clinical experience in primary care settings has not kept pace with the growing demand. Pre- and postdoctoral training opportunities in primary care are rare, in part, because of the administrative, cultural, and educational complexities associated with interdisciplinary training endeavors. The authors describe the development of a modest, half-day primary care placement that is offered as part of a predoctoral internship in child clinical psychology. They provide a model and recommendations for exposing trainees and other interested practitioners to the themes, culture, and clinical opportunities of primary care, while avoiding many of the logistical problems that can encumber such efforts. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The utility of interdisciplinary training and service: Psychology training on a psychiatry consultation-liaison service.

Increasing numbers of psychologists work in medical settings because of the growing acceptance of a biopsychosocial approach to illness. Do training programs prepare sufficient numbers of graduates to function effectively in medical settings? The authors describe the process of adding an inpatient medical-surgical consultation-liaison (C-L) service to a psychology internship's training rotations, the learning objectives used, and issues in the preparation of trainees for work in medical settings. Psychology trainees added significant capacity to the C-L service. These data may help facilitate the development of C-L training experiences for other programs (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Review of Introducing Psychology; an Experimental Approach.

Reviews the book, Psychology; an Experimental Approach by D. S. Wright, Ann Taylor, et al. (see record 1970-13650-000). British undergraduate texts in psychology have been generally poor over the years. Recent offerings suggest a change. Among these is Wright and Taylor's 736 paperback "Introducing Psychology; an Experimental Approach". This text covers in a no-nonsense way the traditional material but minus the expense of visual aid and other teaching crutches so typical of North American texts. The approach gives a good dose of structural factors in behavior. There are, for example, chapters on behavior genetics and on the autonomic nervous system. On the whole, the offering represents a refreshing change from the expensive introductory psychology "artwork" that we are accustomed to in Canada. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

Admission to Graduate Work in Psychology.

The author comments on the fact that doctoral training departments in psychology are proclaiming their intention to reduce the numbers of students admitted to graduate work because of a supposed "glut of PhDs." There is a widely shared consensus that it would be socially irresponsible to increase the numbers of psychologists on the job market. The author takes issues with this, noting that there is no shortage of human problems on which bright, well-trained psychologists might work. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The Relationship Between Employees' Personal Work Standards and Perceived Work Stress.

Although it is recognized that employees with higher job demands imposed by organizations perceive higher work stress, how employees' personal work demands relate to their perception of work stress remains unclear. Two competing hypotheses have been proposed concerning the relationship between employees' personal work standards (personal work demands) and perceived work stress. Data from a survey of MBA degree holders in Taiwan supported the hypothesis that employees with higher personal work standards perceive lower work stress. This finding expands knowledge of the link between person variables and work stress. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Review of Introduction to Clinical Psychology: An Evidence-Based Approach.

Reviews the book, Introduction to Clinical Psychology: An Evidence-Based Approach by John Hunsley and Catherine M. Lee (2006). Introduction to Clinical Psychology: An Evidence Based Approach is intended to be a textbook for a senior undergraduate or beginning graduate course in clinical psychology. This goal is easily met and the text is a welcome addition to the choices that are available. The authors are leaders within the field, advocating for the use of empirically supported treatments for children, adolescents, and adult clients. It is well organized, clear, and interesting to read, making it appealing to most students. The first chapter does a good job of emphasizing the impact of mental health issues and the need for the profession of clinical psychology. The breadth of the field is covered in Chapter 2. The next sections cover classification, diagnosis, research methods, and assessment. In Chapter 5 (Assessment Overview), the various purposes of assessment are reviewed. Chapter 6 discusses interviewing and observation. The chapter on intellectual and cognitive measures provides a good review of the concept of intelligence and of all of the Wechsler scales. The chapter on prevention is excellent and the narrowing of focus to children and youth was a good decision. The chapters on intervention are among the strongest in the text. The focus is on approaches that have the most empirical support. A broad range of interventions are included. Throughout the text, several themes appear and are embedded within all of the topics and interwoven in the discussions. These include ethical considerations, empirical findings, and the applications of these findings to clinical practice. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Applied Psychology in Action: Comment on Word Meaning.

Comments on "The non-directive approach in advertising appeals" by H. D. Hadley (1953) and the distinction between credibility and credulity in the text. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

简析学生工作中的五个关系

做好学生工作要正确处理五个方面的关系：一是严与活的关系;二是群体与个体的关系;三是多数与少数的关系;四是加强思想教育与健全制度的关系;五是教师与学生的关系。     

The Place of Women in Psychology.

Comments on the analysis by Florence Denmark (December 1980) on the place of women in psychology and their lack of recognition and compensation, despite considerable achievement, and discusses parallels in the field of music. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Reciprocal Relationships Between Collective Efficacy and Team Performance in Women's Ice Hockey.

This study examined reciprocal relationships between collective efficacy and team performance over a season of competition in women's intercollegiate ice hockey within weekends where the opponent was constant for 2 games. Collective efficacy beliefs within 12 teams were assessed prior to both games for at least 7 weekends. Team performance indexes produced an overall measure of performance for each game. The average influence of Saturday collective efficacy on Saturday performance was moderate and positive after controlling for Friday performance. The average influence of Friday performance on Saturday collective efficacy was small and positive after removing the influence of Friday collective efficacy from Friday performance. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

轧辊温度场及轴向热凸度有限元计算

采用大型有限元分析软件 ANSYS对四辊轧机工作辊的温度场进行了模拟 ,在模拟过程中 ,考虑了轧辊和轧件间的瞬态热接触和对流边界 ,动态分析了热轧时工作辊的升温过程 ,预测了工作辊的瞬态温度分布 ,并将所得的温度分布用于热凸度的近似计算中 ,其计算结果与文献结果相吻合     

人本心理学与叙事研究

在20世纪80年代之后,人本心理学积极关注发展具体的研究方案。叙事研究即为其中一种。它强调人类生活经验即故事,故事的讲述就是一个建构自我、他人和世界意义的过程。通过对故事的分析来实现对参与者经验和行为的说明与理解。一方面叙事研究吸收了人本心理学的一些基本主张,另一方面,人本心理学家运用叙事方法进行研究,使得它不再流于理论倡导,而是融入到个人经验研究的具体实践,丰富、增进了心理学的质化研究方法。     

The Relationships Among Part-Time Work, Work-Family Interference, and Well-Being.

The authors investigated the effect of part-time work on work-family interference and well-being among 160 part-time and 29 full-time employed mothers (with a partner) working at 2 insurance companies in the Netherlands. The authors controlled for working part time as a strategy for reducing work-family imbalance and found that part-time work was associated with a lower level of work-to-family interference. Also, high levels of work-family interference were associated with diminished well-being. Work-to-family interference played a mediating role in the relationship between part-time work and well-being. Results indicate that part-time jobs can enhance the work-family balance not only for those explicitly choosing part-time employment as a means to reduce work-family imbalance but also for other employees. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Clinical Outcomes, Cost-Effectiveness, and the Role of Psychology in Treatments for Chronic Pain Sufferers.

Millions of people throughout the world suffer from chronic pain despite significant advances in research, technology, and treatment. Advances include the understanding of the neurobiology of nociception, the psychology of pain perception and response, and the availability of a range of pharmacological agents, operative procedures, physical modalities (e.g., ultrasound, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, diathermy), regional anesthesia (e.g., nerve blocks), neuroaugmentation modalities (e.g., spinal cord stimulators, implantable drug delivery systems), comprehensive pain rehabilitation programs, and complementary and alternative medicine modalities. The authors discuss the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of these various treatment modalities. They note the roles and contributions of psychologists in the assessment of chronic pain sufferers and as treatment providers on interdisciplinary teams. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A journal of interest: Review of Existential Psychology and Psychiatry.

The Review was founded in 1961 to bring an existential and phenomenological approach to the understanding of human experience. With a primary focus on the psychotherapeutic endeavor, the Review publishes original essays and first translations from the fields of literature and philosophy, as well as from psychology and psychiatry proper. The Review has published essays by nearly every major figure in the world, including Viktor Frankl, Eugene Gendlin, Jacques Lacan, R.D. Laing, RolloMay, Maurice Merleau-Ponty, Jacob Needleman, Carl Rogers, and Jean-Paul Sartre. In addition to continuing to publish original essays on a wide variety of general topics, in recent years the Review has published a series of special issues devoted to major figures in the field of existential psychology. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Social Work Courses for Psychologists.

Andriola has stated (American Psychologist, December, 1951) that he was desirous of seeing an increase in the interchange of information between social workers and psychologists. He was critical of psychology in that he felt that psychologists had little or no knowledge of the field of social work. Singer replied (American Psychologist, December, 1952) that psychologists are hindered from gaining a knowledge of social work by virtue of the admission policies of certain schools of social work. Furthermore, he contended that the schools of social work had raised a barrier to cross communication with psychology. Singer poses some questions that he would like to have answered regarding psychologists and social work schools and it is the purpose of this communication to offer partial answers. It is my feeling that clinical and educational psychologists could profit immeasurably from courses offered in a social work curriculum. I found that such courses as Community Organization, Public Welfare, Case Work Techniques, Administration and Supervision and particularly Legal Aspects added much to my professional competence and academic stature. Psychology as it manifests itself in an applied sense could well take cognizance of the thorough and effective techniques developed by the social work profession in the area of supervision and on-the-job training. I am in complete agreement with Singer's contention that "An important outcome of a graduate training program which would require students in psychology and social work to take courses in each department would probably be a more effective team approach to the common problems to be solved by both groups, viz., to enable the client to live a happy and satisfactory life." My experience may not be representative of the general attitude of schools of social work. Nevertheless, my own enrollment has added to my feelings of respect and admiration for the social work profession. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

University Psychology Students Having Had Psychology in High School.

Does a high school course in psychology influence students to take further work in the subject? Is high school psychology of assistance to those who take psychology in a university? In an attempt to answer these questions, 13 university departments of psychology (Denver, Florida State, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Missouri, North Carolina, North Dakota, Oklahoma, Purdue, Southern California, Texas, Vermont) were contacted and asked to administer a very short questionnaire to students in their introductory courses who had had a course in psychology in high school. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)