复合菌株发酵胡萝卜饮料的工艺研究

以胡萝卜渣为原料,研究猴菇菌、乳酸菌和酵母菌复合发酵生产胡萝卜活菌饮料的工艺,通过正交试验设计、感官评价等方式对猴菇菌种子培养基的配方、猴菇菌发酵工艺条件、发酵液的前处理以及乳酸菌和酵母菌复合发酵工艺条件进行了优化。结果表明,猴菇菌种子培养基的配方是胡萝卜汁30%,麦芽糖2%,豆浆6%,柠檬酸0.02%,磷酸二氢钾0.1%,硫酸镁0.15%。猴菇菌的最佳发酵参数为发酵温度25℃,发酵时间78 h,接种量12%,干渣添加量2%。淀粉酶的最佳添加量为0.05%。乳酸菌和酵母菌复合发酵的最佳工艺参数为发酵温度36℃,发酵时间12 h,接种量4%,酿酒酵母与乳酸菌配比为1︰2。     

苹果渣固态发酵生产高蛋白饲料的研究（1）——发酵菌种筛选

本实验主要研究利用苹果渣进行固态发酵生产高蛋白饲料。经过成分分析，苹果渣含有丰富的碳源,但含氮量较低，需添加部分氮源再进行固态发酵。通过对现有的10株菌利用平板刺激圈法和固态发酵测定蛋白含量的方法进行单菌初筛和复筛，得到适合苹果渣发酵的菌种，在此基础上用相同的方法进行混菌培养得到适合的菌种搭配即CY-4、2637、10，并进行了初步的固态发酵试验，发酵后的苹果渣蛋白含量为17．4％。比原来提高了67．7％。     

酵母菌发酵柑橘皮渣生产柠檬酸

以柑橘皮渣为原料,用酵母菌发酵生产柠檬酸,发酵液成分采用纸层层析进行鉴定,发酵液经过钙盐法处理获得柠檬酸固体。通过改变发酵温度、发酵时间、发酵液中甲醇添加量和发酵液中菌种添加量研究发酵最佳条件,根据L9（34）正交试验,最终确定酵母菌发酵柑橘皮渣生产柠檬酸的最佳条件为：发酵温度29℃,发酵时间108h,发酵液中添加8％的酵母活化液和2％的甲醇。     

芦笋功能性饮品的研制

从综合利用与深加工角度出发,利用真菌将芦笋渣进行发酵液化,并研究了菌龄、装液量、摇床转速等培养条件对发酵的影响,在菌龄60h,装液量20g,培养时间为4d,摇床转速为125r/min时,液化的芦笋渣中膳食纤维含量高达1.5g/100g;并将发酵液与芦笋汁按照1:1.5比例勾兑后,采用柠檬酸、糖、稳定剂、蜂蜜等调配因子添加的正交优化试验,获取色泽鲜绿、口感清凉的芦笋保健饮品。     

柠檬酸渣生物转化为酸性蛋白酶饲料的研究

以柠檬酸渣为主要原料进行固态发酵生产酸性蛋白酶的试验，研究了不同培养基成分及培养条件对产酶的影响，并进行了曲盘扩大试验和酶学性质探索。结果表明：曲盘扩大培养中，适宜的发酵培养基为：柠檬酸渣６５％、麸皮２４．２５％、豆饼粉１０％，尿素０．２５％，ＫＨ２ＰＯ４ ０．５％，在３０℃时，培养时间为４８ｈ，酸性蛋白酶酶活力可达到４０００μ／ｇ。     

雪莲菌发酵对苹果渣膳食纤维结构和功能特性的影响

该文以苹果渣为原料,利用雪莲菌发酵改性苹果渣膳食纤维（dietary fiber,DF）,研究发酵温度、接种量、发酵时间3个因素对苹果渣可溶性膳食纤维（soluble dietary fiber,SDF）的影响。通过单因素试验和正交试验优化确定雪莲菌发酵的最佳工艺条件为发酵温度28℃、接种量7%、发酵时间60 h,测得苹果渣SDF得率为68.28%。通过激光粒度分析仪、扫描电镜、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪测定发现,雪莲菌发酵制备的苹果渣DF品质更好,雪莲菌发酵对苹果渣DF的功能特性的影响与结构的变化密切相关。     

不同菌种以三七渣为基质的发酵过程

为了选择合适的菌种用于三七渣固态发酵生产蛋白饲料,分别进行了黑曲霉、康宁木霉、米曲霉、绿色木霉、白腐菌共5种多糖分解菌和产朊假丝酵母、热带假丝酵母、酿酒酵母共3种酵母菌以三七渣为基质的发酵过程研究。研究结果表明,多糖分解菌对三七渣的代谢能力明显强于酵母菌,在发酵过程中多糖分解菌发酵培养物的还原糖质量浓度、pH值、干重变化幅度均大于酵母菌。在所有受试菌种中黑曲霉对三七渣的代谢能力最强,其发酵培养物中还原糖质量浓度峰值可达250 mg/g,经过5 d发酵后黑曲霉发酵培养物的干基减重率达42.6%,真蛋白质量分数达到23.92%。     

利用葡萄渣的固态发酵生产柠檬酸

葡萄渣是榨取葡萄汁后的剩余物,约占葡萄浆果的16%。葡萄渣富含碳水化合物,氮、磷含量低。目前,尽管人们对于副产品的再利用日趋重视,但大部分葡萄渣仍被抛弃。柠檬酸广泛应用于食品饮料、医药等工业。一般是利用糖浆通过液态发酵进行商品生产。因为葡萄渣自身的物理特性不宜进行液态发酵,如采用液态发酵则需对葡萄渣稀释五倍,这样,从被稀释的葡萄渣浆生产的柠檬酸产量太低,经济上不合算。     

黑曲霉产柠檬酸的发酵过程表征及乙醛酸的形成

本文对黑曲霉柠檬酸生产过程的菌体形态、总糖、还原糖及有机酸的变化进行了系统地研究.研究结果表明:整个发酵过程中,菌球形态保持紧密稳定,发酵产物中以柠檬酸为主,产量达到155 g/L.并首次发现柠檬酸发酵过程中伴随有乙醛酸的生成,最大浓度可达9.4 g/L.对于菌种和发酵工艺的改进有着重要的指导意义.     

冬虫夏草固态发酵蕨渣生产菌质多糖

探索冬虫夏草发酵蕨渣固态基质生产菌质多糖的条件,可为蕨渣的开发利用提供理论依据.以蕨渣为主要原料,采用正交试验设计法对生产菌质多糖的工艺条件(基质蕨渣比例、基质含水量和培养温度)进行了初步的优化.在本试验务件下,优化出冬虫夏草菌发酵生产蕨渣菌质多糖的最佳工艺条件为:蕨渣比例85%、基质含水量60%、培养温度22℃.研究结果将为蕨渣进一步的开发研究奠定基础.     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press