Loafing in the digital age: The role of computer mediated communication in the relation between perceived loafing and group affective outcomes

Virtual work has become an increasingly central practice for the organization of the 21st century. While effective virtual workgroups can create synergies that boost innovation and performance, ineffective workgroups become a great burden for organizations. Empirical research has shown that some negative behaviors, such as social loafing, negatively influence a group’s affective outcomes, in both collocated (face-to-face) and virtual workgroups. In this study, we explore if working through low fidelity computer mediated communication (CMC) increases the negative impact of perceived loafing over cohesion and work satisfaction. On this rationale, we conducted a laboratory study with 44 groups of four members each, who worked on a project in four sessions over a one-month period, in either face-to-face or low fidelity CMC conditions. Results show that the communication media condition moderates the effect of perceived loafing in the expected direction, meaning that, in the low fidelity CMC condition perceived loafing had an increased negative effect on group cohesion and satisfaction with the work process and its results.     

计算机支持同步协同工作中应用共享机制的研究

应用共享技术是计算机支持协同工作 ( CSCW)系统中支持同步协作的关键技术之一 .本文详细讨论了计算机支持协同工作中应用共享的实现机制 ,分析了混合式应用共享机制的实现方法 .最后 ,给出了在 MS Windows平台上的一个应用共享的具体实例     

Collaborative eye tracking based code review through real-time shared gaze visualization

Code review is intended to find bugs in early development phases, improving code quality for later integration and testing. However, due to the lack of experience with algorithm design, or software development, individual novice programmers face challenges while reviewing code. In this paper, we utilize collaborative eye tracking to record the gaze data from multiple reviewers, and share the gaze visualization among them during the code review process. The visualizations, such as borders highlighting current reviewed code lines, transition lines connecting related reviewed code lines, reveal the visual attention about program functions that can facilitate understanding and bug tracing. This can help novice reviewers to make sense to confirm the potential bugs or avoid repeated reviewing of code, and potentially even help to improve reviewing skills. We built a prototype system, and conducted a user study with paired reviewers. The results showed that the shared real-time visualization allowed the reviewers to find bugs more efficiently.     

基于CSCW的CAD系统协作支持技术与支持工具的研究

计算机支持的协同工作（CSCW）给CAD技术带来重大发展，但仍然存在许多问题。其中之一是缺乏将协作性能同应用功能有机结合的方法。文中在分析的现有协作支持技术，工具和系统不足的基础上，提出了用协作支持工具软件CoCADToolAgent改造商品化CAD系统来开发CSCD系统的新思路和总体技术路线，给出了通讯支持，协议，一致性维护和并发控制，协同感知，任务和脚色机制的有效的实现方法，作为本方法的一个应用实例，成功地将传统的人机交互式CAD系统AutoCAD转变为网络环境下支持人人交互的CSCD原型系统，作为专用协作支持工具，CoCADToolAgent比NetMeeting之类的通用协作支持工具具有更好的协作性能，该方法可推广到三维CAD系统。     

计算机辅助协同工作

一、什么是计算机辅助协同工作?随着高性能计算机及其网络的广泛应用,计算机系统正由传统的问题求解,执行一定的计算,朝着帮助用户进行交互并支持协同工作的方向发展。分工协作是一种完善     

Cova: A programming language for cooperative applications

This paper discusses Cova, a novel programming language designed to develop integra-tive cooperative applications and the issues related to the design and implementation of its runtime system.     

基于Sockets的计算机支持协同工作平台 测试技术研究

计算机支持协同工作是在计算机支持的环境中,一个群体协同工作完成一项共同的任务。它的基本内涵是计 算机支持通信、合作和协调。本文通过对典型的计算机支持协同工作平台系统工作流程的分析,提出录制、分析、增加测试脚 本的方法。     

基于Agent的开放式协同工作系统结构模型

建立开放式智能协同工作系统是CSCW研究的重要目标之一，文中在分析已有模型局限性的基础上，提出了基于Agent的开放式CSCW系统结构模型，并就模型中的Agent结构和模型的开放性和可裁剪性进行了讨论，最后，给出了一个该模型的实例系统。     

一个基于CSCW的协同式计算机辅助设计系统

文中首先建立了一个CSCW系统的基本模型;然后详细介绍了一个基于复制式应用程序共享方式技术的协同式计算机辅助设计系统－CoopCAD的系统结构和关键技术,最后,给出了一个使用CoopCAD系统进行协同设计的例子。     

Alleviating convergence problems in Group Support Systems

Not all Group Support Systems are identical, as is demonstrated by their software implementations. We discuss two existing implementations of group support tools and the process models underlying them. We demonstrate that fundamental to both processes is the merging or integration of individual data. Based on this and other empirical research, the Shared Context Model (SCM) of cooperative work is adopted and we show that it supports existing processes and others. We expect that groups will find merging their work easier with the SCM. This model is presented and embedded in the architecture and implementation of four group tools. Because these tools are destined to be used by dispersed groups, synchronously or asynchronously, an object-based communication and control mechanism is incorporated. Finally, as graphics and multi-tasking have been shown to be increasingly important, the tools are implemented in Microsoft Windows for personal computers attached to local area networks.     

Design and Implementation of a Java-based Meeting Space over Internet

This paper describes the implementation of Java Meeting Space (JMS), a generic, extensible framework and environment for developing synchronous collaborative applications. The JMS framework is based on a fully object-oriented replicated architecture where the application instances and management services are all replicated at each site. JMS provides basic CSCW coordination services: session management and dynamic floor control services. As a framework, it provides a set of programming interfaces that allow an application developer to take advantage of coordination services in the runtime environment.     

基于草图的面向概念设计的协同图表绘制工具

概念设计过程使用了多种图表来表示设计概念以及构建功能结构.将手绘草图作为设计者之间的一种通信语言引入到异地同步协同概念设计过程,提出了基于手绘草图的协同图表绘制多agent 系统,包含草图交互、草图识别、通信、协调等多个agent.讨论了各agent 之间的通信机制以及主要agent 的实现策略,包括草图识别以及语义一致性维护策略.将系统应用到协同流程图绘制领域,运行结果表明,该工具能够改善人机交互模式,促进多用户之间的交流和协作.     

WfMS:工作流管理系统

工作流管理系统的主要目标是通过合理地调用和配有关的信息及人力资源来协调业务过程中的各个活动,以促使业务目标的高效实现。在计算机和网络使用得越来越广泛的今天,工作流管理系统正在吸引起自研究机构及产业界越来越多的关流。本文对工作流管理系统的研究现状了了一个总结,详细介绍同工作流有关概念,分类,工作流管理联盟关于工作流管理系统的参考模型及以及当前的一些研究热点与发展趋势。     

基于SoA的数据协同模型

传统的企业信息集成采用的是功能驱动的方法,主要用于解决企业数据的分布性与异构等问题,它们通常都忽略了业务逻辑而直接进入到企业业务集成的层次。然而不在数据集成的层次中响应企业业务流程的处理要求,就会直接限制系统的数据处理能力。该文基于用户的业务逻辑,通过事件驱动数据在不同组织或系统间流动来实现数据的集成。这是一种松耦合的数据集成模式,用户通过协同不同系统提供的能力来控制系统的集成行为及数据转换规则,适用于数据共享需求变更频繁的应用集成系统。     

基于WEB的CSCW系统及其相关技术浅析

介绍了计算机支持协同工作（CSCW）的内涵，特点，系统结构，实现方法和开发方法，着重介绍了基于Web的CSCW系统，从实现原理，系统结构和相关技术方面进行了较为详细的阐述，最后对CSCW的应用及其展望进行了描述。     

基于角色的群体感知模型

群体感知理论的研究与应用是计算机支持协同工作的重要研究内容之一.在研究分析了当前群体感知模型研究工作现状的基础上,提出了一种基于角色的群体感知模型.该模型通过分解群组任务,把群组成员扮演的角色细化,对成员的具体活动进行基于角色的集合划分,并根据角色之间的差别程度来确定成员对不同活动的感知强度.最后对该模型的实现机制和应用领域进行了分析,并讨论了下一步研究中需要解决的若干问题.     

基于XML的态势图协同标绘系统设计与实现

传统协同标绘系统采用基于标绘符号库的标绘结果网络分发传输方式,信息维护困难,可靠性受网络性能的影响。因此,文章提出了一种采用XML保存标绘信息的方法,设计并实现了一个基于XML的态势图协同标绘系统。     

Software development and integration in a computer supported cooperative work environment

This paper presents a prototype computer supported cooperative work (CSCW) environment that supports the engineering design process. In particular, this environment provides collaborative tools that support computer-aided design (CAD) and computer-aided software engineering (CASE). This paper takes an high level look at the system as a whole and then focuses on the method used to implement the CASE support. It addresses how group members can simultaneously work on coding a program and then integrate their work to form a single program inside this environment. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A survey of CSCW systems

Over the last decade, computer supported cooperative work (CSCW) has emerged as an identifiable research area that focuses on the role of the computer in group work. CSCW is a generic term which combines the understanding of the nature of group working with the enabling technologies of computer networking, systems support and applications. The paper examines the classes of system which have emerged to support cooperative working. A framework for characterising and describing CSCW systems is presented and four major classes of cooperative system identified. Each of these classes of cooperative system are examined highlighting their general characteristics and applicability to CSCW.