氧化铅对白云鄂博尾矿微晶玻璃析晶特性的影响

笔者以白云鄂博尾矿为主要原料,以CaF2为晶核剂并采用熔融法制备得到了尾矿微晶玻璃,通过DSC、XRD、SEM及Raman光谱研究了不同质量的PbO对微晶玻璃析晶特性的影响。研究结果表明:微晶玻璃的晶体生长方式主要以表面析晶为主,且随着PbO含量的增加,微晶玻璃析晶特性先增强后减弱。主晶相由相互交错分布的钙铝黄长石和辉石构成,随着PbO含量的增加钙铝黄长石有增强趋势。Pb^2+主要以PbF2的形式分布在晶相与玻璃相间的界面位置,少量Pb^2+通过置换辉石中的Ca^2+形成置换固溶体存在于辉石相中。     

以Fe2O3作晶核剂的尾矿玻璃陶瓷晶化研究

运用差热分析（ＤＴＡ）、扫描电镜（ＳＥＭ）、Ｘ射线衍射（ＸＲＤ）、能谱分析（ＥＤＡＸ）等测试手段,研究了以 Ｆｅ２Ｏ３作晶核剂时ＣａＯ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ＳｉＯ２系统尾矿玻璃陶瓷析晶特征。结果表明,Ｆｅ２Ｏ３降低了玻璃整体析晶温度,并在热处理时诱导玻璃分组,从而促进成核和晶相生长。合理控制热处理条件可获得性能良好的尾矿玻璃陶瓷材料。     

Preparation and characterization of high compressive strength foams from sheet glass

High compressive strength glass foams were produced using sheet glass cullet with the aid of 1 wt.% SiC powder, as gassing agent, and the incorporation of small amounts of an alkali earth aluminosilicate glass powder (AD), which is intrinsically prone to be crystallised to anorthite and diopside. The amount of SiC used as well as the mean particle sizes of the powders of both glasses and SiC were lower than those used in earlier studies. The experimental results showed that homogenous microstructures of large pores could be obtained by adding 1 wt.% SiC. The compressive strength of the glass foams was considerably increased when the incorporated AD-glass was higher than 1 wt.%. It is concluded that the presence of the AD glass is beneficial for the produced glass foams because of the formation of a well packed honeycomb structure which features an optimal distribution of pentagonal- and hexagonal-like shaped pores surrounded by dense struts. The crystallization of wollastonite and diopside inside the struts should also have a positive impact on the mechanical behaviour of the produced porous glass foams.     

Cr2 O3、TiO2对高炉渣制备微晶玻璃晶化方式的影响

以包钢高炉渣为主要原料,采用熔融法制备CaO-SiO2-MgO-Al2O3系微晶玻璃,主要通过差热分析方法,并借助于Augis-Bennett方程和Ozawa方程研究了分别添加2%Cr2O3和8%TiO2作晶核剂时基础玻璃的晶化方式.研究结果表明:添加2%Cr2O3作晶核剂时,晶体生长指数均可实现大于3,晶化方式为整体晶化;而添加8%TiO2作晶核剂时,晶体生长指数均不可能大于3,晶化方式为表面晶化.因此,Cr2O3是高炉渣制备透辉石类微晶玻璃适宜的晶核剂成分,可单独用作晶核剂,而TiO2无法使基础玻璃整体晶化,不能单独用作晶核剂.研究结果为利用高炉渣成功研制开发透辉石类微晶玻璃在晶核剂种类选择确定方面提供了理论指导.     

透辉石玻璃陶瓷的制备及其析晶特性研究

以废玻璃粉为原料,采用反应析晶烧结法制备了透辉石玻璃陶瓷。采用差热分析、X射线衍射分析、扫描电镜、能谱、高分辨透射电镜等方法研究了顽辉石-堇青石粉和废玻璃粉混合样品等温烧结过程中顽辉石-堇青石向透辉石转变的演变过程。结果表明:顽辉石-堇青石与玻璃粉在815°C下即可发生反应析晶;900°C保温2 h可获得透辉石为主晶相的玻璃陶瓷。在保温过程中,顽辉石的Mg~(2+)和O~(2-)向玻璃中扩散,玻璃中的Si~(4+)和Ca~(2+)向顽辉石中移动,使顽辉石晶体在b轴方向交替排列的两条链沿c轴方向断开,转变成单链,由Mg~(2+)和Ca~(2+)连接生成透辉石。保温0 h时,由于堇青石[MgO_6]八面体膨胀较小,玻璃中的Si~(4+)、Ca~(2+)、Na~+向堇青石中移动,反应析晶生成钠长石与透辉石;当保温时间延长至2 h时,堇青石[MgO_6]八面体骨架进一步扭曲,生成主晶相为透辉石的玻璃陶瓷。     

Effect of Cr2O3 on the crystallization behavior of synthetic diopside and characterization of Cr-doped diopside glass ceramics

Diopside is the main crystalline phase in silicate materials such as ceramics and glass-ceramics. Herein, the effect of Cr₂O₃ on the microstructure and crystallization behavior of synthetic diopside, as well as the solubility of Cr₂O₃ in diopside is discussed. Samples were prepared by the melting method and characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectrometry, and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Results show that the maximum achievable solubility of Cr₂O₃ in diopside is between 1% and 3% by weight, and that the magnesiachrome spinel formed by Cr₂O₃ can act as a nucleating agent for the diopside phase. Glass ceramics was prepared by synthesis slag which simulates the chromium-containing waste. The activation energy of crystallization is 274 KJ/mol and Avrami parameter is 3.23. The leaching behavior of glass ceramics was studied. Additionally, the effect of Cr₂O₃ on the mechanisms of phase change were discussed. The study provides a theoretical basis for the preparation of chromium containing waste-based silicate materials with diopside as the main crystalline phase.     

TiO2对硫铁尾矿玻璃晶核作用的影响研究

运用差热分析(DTA),X射线衍射分析(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)等分析手段研究了以TiO2作晶核剂时CaO-MgO-SiO2-Al2O3系统尾矿微晶玻璃析晶特征.结果表明:TiO2作为晶核剂的核化机理是首先促进玻璃的分相,然后析出金红石晶体来诱导异相成核.它能使在相图中确定的组成点向高Al2O3方向偏移.合理控制热处理条件可获得性能良好的主晶相为透辉石的矿渣微晶玻璃.     

Floor tile glass-ceramic glaze for improvement of glaze surface properties

Simultaneous improvement of surface hardness and glossiness of floor tile glaze, without changing its firing temperature, was the main purpose of the present paper. Thus, various glazes in the system of CaO–MgO–SiO₂–Al₂O₃–ZrO₂ were prepared and their crystallization behaviors within a fast firing cycle were investigated. With increasing amounts of calcium and magnesium oxides to base glass, the optimum glass-ceramic glaze was obtained. The results showed that with increasing of CaO and MgO part weights in frit, the crystallization peak temperature was gradually decreased and the intensities of diopside and zirconium silicate were increased. The comparison of micro hardness for the optimum glass ceramic glaze derived in this work with a traditional one used in floor tile industries indicates an improvement of 21%. It was found that the glaze hardness not only depend on the amount and type of crystalline phases, but also on the residual glass composition. Furthermore, it was observed that the glaze micro hardness is only slightly affected by thermal expansion mismatch of body and glaze.     

Crystallization process of thermally treated vitrified EAFD waste

Electric arc furnace dust (EAFD) powder was mixed and vitrified with 55% SiO₂, 10% Na₂CO₃ and 35% CaCO₃ raw materials. The resulting glass was thermally treated at the same temperature at different annealing times. The process towards crystallization of the glass–ceramics produced, as a function of annealing time, was examined by means of optical microscopy, electron microscopy techniques and X-ray diffraction. While at small crystallization times wollastonite was the only crystalline phase separated from the amorphous matrix, as the time of crystallization increased crystals of diopside emanating from wollastonite were also observed. The emergence of diopside crystals was attributed to the tendency of the metallic elements of EAFD, incorporated in the wollastonite structure, to move towards the neighbouring glass matrix causing local maxima of concentration in the vicinity of wollastonite crystals. This diffusive motion of the metallic elements of EAFD, such as Fe, Zn, was found to follow the 2nd Fick law and plays a crucial role in the stability region of the crystallized structures of the system.     

Fe2O3对铜尾矿基CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2微晶玻璃析晶行为的影响

以铜尾矿为主要原料,通过熔融法制备CaO-MgO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂(CMAS)微晶玻璃,并外掺Fe₂O₃晶核剂对细粒级铜尾矿基CMAS微晶玻璃析晶行为进行优化。利用DSC、XRD和SEM等手段研究了晶核剂用量对细粒级铜尾矿基CMAS微晶玻璃析晶行为和物理性能的影响,借助Ozawa-Chen法拟合计算了析晶动力学参数。结果表明,外掺Fe₂O₃晶核剂用量大于3.72%(质量分数)时,细粒级铜尾矿制备的微晶玻璃可以实现整体析晶。辉石相的析出是玻璃相中的Fe、Mg元素进入[Si(Al)O₄] 四面体晶格配位的结果,Fe³⁺的增加有利于辉石相的析出并降低了析晶活化能,外掺Fe₂O₃晶核剂能够较好地优化细粒级铜尾矿基微晶玻璃的析晶行为和力学性能。