EFFECTS OF THE BITUMEN POLAR FRACTIONS ON THE STABILITY OF BITUMEN AQUEOUS DISPERSIONS

The flocculation of aqueous bitumen emulsion during transportation and processing depends mostly on the electrical properties of bitumen-water interface. The aim of this study is to show how such interface is affected by the resins/asphaltenes ratio (r/a) of the bitumen. Our results indicate that the r/a controls the interfacial composition and the stability of the bitumen droplets in a water-continuous medium. Moreover, it is shown that the r/a is primarily responsible for maintaining diffusion of polar components inside the bitumen droplet. Such non-equilibrium behavior of various bitumen polar components takes place during the dispersion manufacturing and/or maturation phase. In this work, the asphaltenes and resins contents of a bitumen series were determined. In addition, the acid-base properties of the same bitumen series were studied by non-aqueous potentiometric titration method. The nature and the amount of acidic and basic functionaliti present in the bitumen were evaluated by comparison with the acid-base model compounds such as carboxylic acid, benzoic acid and pyridine. Furthermore, the interfacial properties of the acidic aqueous bitumen dispersions were studied by contact-angle and zeta potential measurements. The overall results indicate that stable bitumens dispersions are obtained with bitumens having high values of the resins/asphaltenes ratios.     

Catalytic cracking of isopropylbenzene over hybrid HZSM-12/M41S (M41S = MCM-41 or MCM-48) micro-mesoporous materials

The catalytic cracking of isopropylbenzene was investigaded over hybrid ZSM-12/MCM-41 and HZSM-12/MCM-48 micro-mesoporous materials, in order to verify the effect of the acid site of the accessibility of mesoporous channels combined with the acid sites into the zeolite. The hybrid materials were synthesized by the hydrothermal method using the template mechanism. The obtained materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction and BET isotherms using nitrogen adsorption-desorption at 77 K. The X-ray diffraction patterns presented characteristic peaks of the microporous and mesoporous phases. These analysis revealed the formation of ordered hexagonal MCM-41 or cubic MCM-48 mesoporous phases, associated with the ZSM-12 structure. In order to generate acid sites, the materials were ion exchanged with ammonium chloride solution. The calcined hybrid materials were tested as catalyst for cracking of isopropyl-benzene, using a fixed bed reactor at 450 ^oC and nitrogen gas. The catalytic tests showed that the HZSM-12/AlMCM-41 and HZSM-12/MCM-48 hybrid materials have potential for use in cracking reactions, bening more active than the zeolite or the M41S alone. The catalytic activities of the hybrid materials can be associated with a synergistic effect between the acid sites present on the zeolitic phase and the mesoporous phase. In order to verify how the structure of the hybrid materials may affect and control their catalytic performances, the results were compared with HZSM-12 physically mixed with MCM-41 and MCM-48.     

Investigation of ZSM-5/MCM-41 Composite Molecular Sieve for Reducing Olefin Content of FCC Gasoline

ZSM-5/MCM-41 composite molecular sieve was prepared by the nano-assembling method.The ZSM-5 molecular sieve,the MCM-41 molecular sieve,the ZSM-5/MCM-41 mechanical mixture and the ZSM-5/MCM-41 composite molecular sieve were characterized by X-ray powder diffractometry,N2 adsorption isotherms,temperature programmed desorption of ammonia and scanning electron microscopy and their properties were analyzed.Using FCC gasoline as the feed,activities of different molecular sieves for reducing olefin content were investigated in a continuous high-pressure micro-reactor unit under the following conditions:a reaction temperature of 400℃,a reaction time of 2 h,a weight hourly space velocity of 3 h-1,and a reaction pressure of 2.0 MPa.The results showed that the HMCM-41 molecular sieve had low reaction performance,and the HZSM-5 molecular sieve demonstrated high aromatization activity,while the ZSM-5/MCM-41 composite molecular sieve exhibited a best olefin-reducing performance because of its high isomerization activity and moderate aromatization activity.With a largest olefin-reducing capability and a reasonable distribution of products,the composite molecular sieve was more suitable for FCC gasoline upgrading compared to other three catalysts.     

Synthesis, Characterization, and Evaluation of Mesoporous MCM-41-supported Molybdenum Hydrotreating Catalysts

Mesoporous MCM-41 material with high surface area and narrow pore size distribution was synthesized and used as a support for Mo, CoMo, and NiMo catalysts. The molybdenum loading was varied from 2-14 wt% on MCM-41. On 10 wt% Mo/MCM-41, the promoter Co or Ni concentration was varied from 1-5 wt%. All the catalyst samples were characterized by surface area, low temperature oxygen chemisorption, x-ray diffraction (XRD), and temperature programmed reduction methods. Characterization results show that Mo is well dispersed on MCM-41 up to 10 wt%. The catalytic activities were evaluated for thiophene hydrodesulphurization (HDS), cyclohexene hydrogenation (HYD), and furan hydrodeoxygenation (HDO). All three catalytic functionalities vary in a similar manner to that of oxygen chemisorption as a function of Mo loading, indicating that there is a correlation between oxygen uptake and catalytic sites. The activities of these catalysts were compared with γ-Al₂O₃- and amorphous SiO₂-supported catalysts. It was found that MCM-41-supported Mo catalysts displayed superior activities.     

Synthesis,Characterization, and Evaluation of Mesoporous MCM-41-supported Molybdenum Hydrotreating Catalysts

Abstract

Mesoporous MCM-41 material with high surface area and narrow pore size distribution was synthesized and used as a support for Mo, CoMo, and NiMo catalysts. The molybdenum loading was varied from 2–14 wt% on MCM-41. On 10 wt% Mo/MCM-41, the promoter Co or Ni concentration was varied from 1–5 wt%. All the catalyst samples were characterized by surface area, low temperature oxygen chemisorption, x-ray diffraction (XRD), and temperature programmed reduction methods. Characterization results show that Mo is well dispersed on MCM-41 up to 10 wt%. The catalytic activities were evaluated for thiophene hydrodesulphurization (HDS), cyclohexene hydrogenation (HYD), and furan hydrodeoxygenation (HDO). All three catalytic functionalities vary in a similar manner to that of oxygen chemisorption as a function of Mo loading, indicating that there is a correlation between oxygen uptake and catalytic sites. The activities of these catalysts were compared with γ-Al₂O₃- and amorphous SiO₂-supported catalysts. It was found that MCM-41-supported Mo catalysts displayed superior activities.     

厚壁MCM-41中孔分子筛的合成

在水热条件下,以硅酸钠、活性氧化铝为硅源和铝源,表面活性剂ＣＴＭＡＢ为结构模板剂,对合成过程的凝胶组成、晶化温度、晶化时间等因素进行正交试验,成功地合成出相对结晶度高的厚壁ＭＣＭ－４１中孔分子筛材料。采用ＸＲＤ、低温Ｎ２吸附（ＢＥＴ）等测试手段对合成的ＭＣＭ－４１样品进行表征。考察了影响ＭＣＭ－４１孔壁厚度的主要因素。结果表明,向体系中加入适量的稀硫酸和有机酸,有效地控制了体系的ｐＨ,提高了ＭＣＭ－４１的相对结晶度和孔壁厚度。通过优化合成条件,合成出孔径３１８ｎｍ、比表面大于１０００ｍ２·ｇ－１、孔壁厚度２８２ｎｍ的ＭＣＭ－４１中孔分子筛。     

ZSM-5/MCM-48复合分子筛基催化剂上甲醇制汽油反应工艺条件的研究

<正>甲醇转化为烃类液体燃料和化学品是当前替代石油技术研究的热点之一。早期由Mobil公司首先以提其出独了特甲的醇孔制道汽结油构(在MMTTG)G反技应术。中Z表S现M-出5良分好子筛的催化性能[1],但其强酸性导致油相产物中的芳烃含     

纳米ZSM-5-MCM-41的制备及其在汽油芳构/加氢脱硫中的应用

以纳米ZSM-5为硅源,采用分子筛硅源法制备了纳米ZSM-5-MCM-41介微孔复合分子筛,并对合成试样进行了XRD、NH3-TPD、SEM及Py-IR等表征,考察了晶化过程中体系pH值、晶化温度、晶化时间、模板剂用量和碱溶液浓度对ZSM-5-MCM-41复合分子筛结构及性质的影响。采用模拟原料油,在高压微反装置上评价了以复合分子筛为载体制备的Co-Mo/ZSM-5-MCM-41催化剂的催化性能。结果表明,与基于机械混合载体的催化剂相比,基于分子硅源法制备复合分子筛载体的催化剂有较高的芳构性能和脱硫性能,在压力1.5MPa、温度350℃、氢油体积比300,空速2h-1条件下,模拟原料的芳构产率和脱硫率分别为15.08%和95.48%。     

MCM-41/Y介孔-微孔复合分子筛的合成及其加氢裂化性能研究

以Y分子筛、水玻璃和硫酸铝为原料,采用二元混合表面活性剂,水热晶化合成了MCM-41/Y介孔-微孔复合分子筛,并用XRD,SEM,TEM,N2吸附-脱附和Py-IR等多种分析手段对其进行了分析表征。同时以MCM-41/Y复合分子筛和无定形硅铝为酸性组分,以W-Ni为活性金属组分,制备了加氢裂化催化剂MYC,并在200 mL加氢评价装置上进行了加氢性能评价。结果表明,MCM-41/Y复合分子筛中存在着复合的MCM-41六方介孔相和Y微孔相;加氢裂化催化剂MYC催化活性较好,在反应压力15 MPa、氢油体积比1 500∶1、体积空速1.5 h-1的条件下,中油选择性为74.82%,C5+液体收率为98.56%,65～165℃重石脑油的芳潜为43.6%,165～370℃柴油的十六烷值为62.2,大于370℃尾油BMCI值为7.1,分别可作为优质的重整装置进料、柴油调合组分及乙烯裂解原料。     

MCM-41沸石分子筛的微波合成与表征

以溴代十六烷基吡啶（ＣＰＢｒ）为模板剂,硅溶胶为硅源,用微波辐射的方法合成高结晶度的ＭＣＭ ４１中孔分子筛。探讨了微波晶化时间、微波反应釜压力等合成影响因素,确定了合适的配比范围及合成条件。利用ＸＲＤ、ＴＥＭ等方法对ＭＣＭ ４１中孔分子筛的物相和晶貌作了表征。     

Synthesis and characterization of MCM-41-supported nano zirconia catalysts

Series of MCM-41 supported sulfated Zirconia (SZ) catalysts with different loadings (2.5–7.5% wt.) were prepared using direct impregnation method. The acquired solid catalysts were characterized structurally and chemically using X-RD, HRTEM, BET, FT-IR, Raman spectroscopy and TPD analysis. The acidity of the solid catalysts was investigated through cumene cracking and isopropanol dehydration at different temperatures. As the SZ loading increases, the surface acidity of the mesoporous catalysts was enhanced, this was reflected by the higher catalytic activity toward cumene cracking and isopropanol dehydration.     

Co/ZSM-5分子筛的表征及其催化合成烷基吡啶的研究

Co/ZSM-5分子筛催化剂是一种具有较强催化活性的醛氨缩合催化剂,其主要特点是反应条件温和,择形选择性高,副产物少,醛氨缩合反应是制备烷基吡啶最具代表性的反应路线之一。本研究用SEM,XRD,IR和BET等技术考察了Co/ZSM-5分子筛的物理化学特性,并将Co/ZSM-5分子筛用于醛氨缩合合成烷基吡啶的反应,研究表明,浸渍液的钴含量（质量分数）为0.5%-1.0%,对ZSM-5可起到很好的改性作用;钴含量为0.4%-0.6%,烷基吡啶的选择性最佳;浸渍次数1-3次最好。通过浸渍法使得Co^2 进入ZSM-5分子筛骨架中,对醛氨缩合反应有较高的催化活性和选择性,采用Co/ZSM-5分子筛,烷基吡啶的收率可以达80%以上。     

ZSM-5沸石分子筛的合成和表面改性研究进展

综述了近年来ZSM -5沸石分子筛的合成及表面改性研究进展。合成方面重点介绍了有机胺合成、无机胺合成及负载合成方法 ;表面改性方面重点介绍了水蒸气改性、离子交换改性及化学气相沉积改性方法     

多孔载体上制备ZSM－5沸石膜的研究

多孔载体上制备ＺＳＭ－５沸石膜的研究樊拴狮，史小农，李春华，王金渠（大连理工大学吸附与无机膜研究所，大连１１６０１２）关键词沸石膜，ＺＳＭ－５，生成机理１引言沸石是一种很有前途的无机材料，具有均一的、小于１０的孔径及耐高温性能好、机械强度大、化学稳定...     

Synthesis of ZSM-5 Monoliths with Hierarchical Porosity

1 Introduction Zeolites have been widely used in industry in heterogeneous catalysis, particularly in the fields of oil refining and petro- chemical production as solid acid catalysts, thanks to their specific features[1]. Although the micropores of zeolite have been well described as having excellent potential for chemi- cal functions, their intricate pore and channel systems in the molecular size range (0.3—1.5 nm) are not efficient for pro- cessing large molecules of nanometer size. In the…     

介孔分子筛MCM-41的合成及其催化噻吩与异丁烯烷基化反应性能

采用水热合成法制得不同硅铝比的介孔分子筛MCM - 41 ,并通过XRD ,BET ,NH3 -TPD方法对催化剂进行了表征 ,结果表明 ,弱酸性介孔分子筛HMCM - 41具有较高的相对结晶度、较大的比表面积、孔径和酸量。同时 ,不同焙烧方式对催化剂相对结晶度及比表面积影响较大 ,N2 气氛焙烧有利于保护介孔分子筛MCM - 41的骨架完整 ,提高其相对结晶度。以噻吩为模型化合物 ,异丁烯为烷基化剂 ,对HMCM - 41分子筛催化噻吩与异丁烯的烷基化反应性能进行了考察。在反应温度 80℃、常压、进料气体 (异丁烯 /N2 摩尔比为 1 /1 )流量 5ml/min、WHSV =2 33h- 1的条件下 ,噻吩转化率高达 95%以上     

多级孔ZSM-5分子筛的合成及催化苯、甲醇烷基化反应的研究

采用固相水热合成法,以有机硅烷作为添加剂,直接合成了多级孔ZSM-5分子筛。采用XRD、SEM、NH3-TPD、N2物理吸附等手段对多孔级ZSM-5分子筛进行了表征。结果表明,该分子筛拥有微孔和介孔2种孔道。苯、甲醇烷基化反应的研究表明,与普通ZSM-5分子筛相比,多级孔ZSM-5分子筛上苯的转化率提高了约8%,甲苯及二甲苯的选择性提高了约3%,收率提高了近9%。采用6%MgO/多级孔ZSM-5分子筛,苯、甲醇烷基化合适的反应条件为:温度460℃,质量空速6h-1,此时苯的转化率达到55%,甲苯及二甲苯的选择性超过90%,其中二甲苯的选择性超过35%。     

Confined Space Synthesis of ZSM-5 Nanozeolite in Self-assembly Supersolubilizing Reversed Micelles

Abstract

The self-assembly method for ZSM-5 nanozeolite syntheses was demonstrated in terms of proposed confined space synthesis. The supersolubilizing reversed micelles formed in neutral oil were confirmed to play a key role of mesoreactors for the confined space ZSM-5 synthesis. The results observed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques revealed that both the rates of nucleation and growth and the crystal morphologies in size and shape were controlled well in supersolubilizing reversed micelles and that the approach provided superfine nanozeolite with the crystal sizes and shapes similar to the supersolubilizing reversed micelles. The N₂ adsorption results of a typical sample showed that the mesopores and macropores existing in synthesized products were derived from interparticle spaces and the textural mesoporosities were different from those in well-known ordered mesoporous materials. Furthermore, the adsorption/desorption behaviors correlated considerably well with the crystal sizes for all the samples. In addition, the heterogeneous nucleation and growth of nanosized crystals were suggested for understanding of the confined space synthesis in mesoscale reactors.     

以乙二胺为模板剂合成Y/ZSM-5复合分子筛

以乙二胺为模板剂,采用两步晶化法,在先合成ZSM-5分子筛的基础上合成出具有双微孔结构的Y/ZSM-5复合分子筛,考察了原料配比和溶液pH对合成产物的影响;采用X射线衍射、N2吸附-脱附、傅里叶变换红外光谱、扫描电子显微镜和NH3程序升温脱附法对Y/ZSM-5复合分子筛进行了表征,并与Y型及ZSM-5分子筛的机械混合物进行了比较;研究了Y/ZSM-5复合分子筛对丁烷裂解和芳构化反应的催化性能。实验结果表明,当n(S iO2)∶n(A l2O3)=20~30,pH=12.0~12.5时,可合成出Y/ZSM-5复合分子筛;Y/ZSM-5复合分子筛的结构和性能明显不同于Y型及ZSM-5分子筛的机械混合物;在650℃时,Y/ZSM-5复合分子筛对丁烷裂解和芳构化反应的乙烯和丙烯选择性达40.72%,苯和甲苯选择性达27.46%。