Catalytic cracking of isopropylbenzene over hybrid HZSM-12/M41S (M41S = MCM-41 or MCM-48) micro-mesoporous materials

The catalytic cracking of isopropylbenzene was investigaded over hybrid ZSM-12/MCM-41 and HZSM-12/MCM-48 micro-mesoporous materials, in order to verify the effect of the acid site of the accessibility of mesoporous channels combined with the acid sites into the zeolite. The hybrid materials were synthesized by the hydrothermal method using the template mechanism. The obtained materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction and BET isotherms using nitrogen adsorption-desorption at 77 K. The X-ray diffraction patterns presented characteristic peaks of the microporous and mesoporous phases. These analysis revealed the formation of ordered hexagonal MCM-41 or cubic MCM-48 mesoporous phases, associated with the ZSM-12 structure. In order to generate acid sites, the materials were ion exchanged with ammonium chloride solution. The calcined hybrid materials were tested as catalyst for cracking of isopropyl-benzene, using a fixed bed reactor at 450 ^oC and nitrogen gas. The catalytic tests showed that the HZSM-12/AlMCM-41 and HZSM-12/MCM-48 hybrid materials have potential for use in cracking reactions, bening more active than the zeolite or the M41S alone. The catalytic activities of the hybrid materials can be associated with a synergistic effect between the acid sites present on the zeolitic phase and the mesoporous phase. In order to verify how the structure of the hybrid materials may affect and control their catalytic performances, the results were compared with HZSM-12 physically mixed with MCM-41 and MCM-48.     

CO2 adsorption on systems involving ethylenediamine impregnated on nanoporous materials

Abstract

MCM-41 and MCM-48 materials were synthesized by the hydrothermal method, calcined and modified with ethylenediamine (EDA) by wet impregnation method. The X-ray diffraction patterns showed characteristic peaks of highly ordered MCM-41 and MCM-48 nanoporous materials, even after impregnation with amine. The MCM-41 and MCM-48 materials showed N₂ adsorption isotherms type IV and BET surfaces areas higher than 1000?m² g^?1. The carbon dioxide adsorption tests were carried out at room temperature in a magnetic suspension microbalance. The materials presented good performance for CO₂ capture, being favorable for applications where medium and high pressures are required.     

Synthesis, Characterization, and Evaluation of Mesoporous MCM-41-supported Molybdenum Hydrotreating Catalysts

Mesoporous MCM-41 material with high surface area and narrow pore size distribution was synthesized and used as a support for Mo, CoMo, and NiMo catalysts. The molybdenum loading was varied from 2-14 wt% on MCM-41. On 10 wt% Mo/MCM-41, the promoter Co or Ni concentration was varied from 1-5 wt%. All the catalyst samples were characterized by surface area, low temperature oxygen chemisorption, x-ray diffraction (XRD), and temperature programmed reduction methods. Characterization results show that Mo is well dispersed on MCM-41 up to 10 wt%. The catalytic activities were evaluated for thiophene hydrodesulphurization (HDS), cyclohexene hydrogenation (HYD), and furan hydrodeoxygenation (HDO). All three catalytic functionalities vary in a similar manner to that of oxygen chemisorption as a function of Mo loading, indicating that there is a correlation between oxygen uptake and catalytic sites. The activities of these catalysts were compared with γ-Al₂O₃- and amorphous SiO₂-supported catalysts. It was found that MCM-41-supported Mo catalysts displayed superior activities.     

MgAPO-5/MCM-41分子筛的表征及催化性能

 采用微波水热法合成了MgAPO-5/MCM-41分子筛。考察了晶化温度对分子筛合成和性质的影响，并通过XRD、NH₃-TPD、TEM、NMR等分析手段对合成的样品进行了表征。结果表明，当晶化温度为90℃时，合成的样品具有微孔结构和MCM-41特有的六方排列的孔道结构，P原子和Al原子都进入了分子筛的骨架，并且具有较高的有序度、比表面积、孔容和平均孔径。Mg的掺入能显著提高分子筛的酸性。用MgAPO-5/MCM-41分子筛催化苯与α-十二烯的烷基化反应时，α-十二烯的转化率可达到99%以上，2-苯基十二烷的选择性达到20%以上，但该分子筛稳定性不高。     

CoNiMo/MCM-41催化的二苯并噻吩加氢脱硫反应

 以质量分数为0.8 %的二苯并噻吩（DBT）的十氢萘溶液为模型化合物，考察了全硅MCM-41担载的CoMo、NiMo以及CoNiMo硫化物催化剂的加氢脱硫（HDS）反应性能。结果表明，DBT在NiMo/MCM-41催化剂上主要通过加氢反应路径脱硫，而在CoMo/MCM-41和CoNiMo/MCM-41催化剂上主要通过直接脱硫反应路径脱硫。NiMo/MCM-41催化剂的HDS活性远高于CoMo/MCM-41或CoNiMo/MCM-41催化剂。CoNiMo/MCM-41催化剂反应性能与CoMo/MCM-41催化剂相似，没有观察到明显的双助剂效应。根据紫外-可见漫反射光谱（UV-Vis）的测定结果，Co与Mo之间的相互作用比Ni与Mo之间的相互作用强，在CoNiMo/MCM-41催化剂中Co会优先与Mo结合，形成与CoMo/MCM-41催化剂中类似的活性相，表现出与CoMo/MCM-41催化剂相似的催化特性。     

Synthesis,Characterization, and Evaluation of Mesoporous MCM-41-supported Molybdenum Hydrotreating Catalysts

Abstract

Mesoporous MCM-41 material with high surface area and narrow pore size distribution was synthesized and used as a support for Mo, CoMo, and NiMo catalysts. The molybdenum loading was varied from 2–14 wt% on MCM-41. On 10 wt% Mo/MCM-41, the promoter Co or Ni concentration was varied from 1–5 wt%. All the catalyst samples were characterized by surface area, low temperature oxygen chemisorption, x-ray diffraction (XRD), and temperature programmed reduction methods. Characterization results show that Mo is well dispersed on MCM-41 up to 10 wt%. The catalytic activities were evaluated for thiophene hydrodesulphurization (HDS), cyclohexene hydrogenation (HYD), and furan hydrodeoxygenation (HDO). All three catalytic functionalities vary in a similar manner to that of oxygen chemisorption as a function of Mo loading, indicating that there is a correlation between oxygen uptake and catalytic sites. The activities of these catalysts were compared with γ-Al₂O₃- and amorphous SiO₂-supported catalysts. It was found that MCM-41-supported Mo catalysts displayed superior activities.     

无机盐的加入对纯硅MCM-41中孔材料合成和稳定性的影响

考察了在水热条件下合成纯硅MCM-41中孔分子筛时，加入NH4Cl、NaCl和NaF对其合成及稳定性的影响。采用XRD、低温N2吸附等手段表征了合成所得样品。结果表明，采用加入无机盐的方法可调节MCM-41的孔径大小；也可导致合成产物中间相发生变化。无机盐的加入可有效地提高所合成样品XRD的特征衍射峰（100）强度和稳定性，且以NH4Cl的加入最为明显。随着NH4Cl加入量的增加，合成产物的物相由一维六方有序结构MCM-41向三维似螺旋结构KIT-1过渡。当NH4Cl与表面活性剂的摩尔比为0．2时，在130℃下水热晶化96h，能制得稳定性好的中孔材料MCM-41，可在沸水中稳定保持2h以上．而不造成孔道结构的明显变化。     

Development of low-density polyethylene antioxidant active films containing α-tocopherol loaded with MCM-41(Mobil Composition of Matter No. 41) mesoporous silica

Antioxidant active packaging films are always prepared to help protect fatty food safety. In this study, a new LDPE (Low-Density Polyethylene) film containing α-tocopherol adsorbed on MCM-41 mesoporous molecular sieve was prepared by extrusion. The synthesized MCM-41 were thoroughly characterized before and after loading with α-tocopherol by powder X-ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorption isotherms, infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. Physical properties of the new films including tensile strength, oxygen and water barrier properties were studied. In particular, the effect of loading α-tocopherol onto MCM-41 on the migration behavior of α-tocopherol from active films was investigated. Migration test were performed at 40 °C, using 95%(v/v) ethanol as fatty food simulants on LDPE films with pure α-tocopherol and the assembly of α-tocopherol and MCM-41. The results showed that, after being adsorbed on MCM-41, the releasing period of α-tocopherol in LDPE were prolonged by about 36%, and the diffusivity of the antioxidant decreased by 53%. Moreover, DPPH radical scavenging assay proved the effectiveness of the antioxidant in the new film. These demonstrated that the new kind of active film can be potentially used for controlled release antioxidant food packaging application.     

Na+、K+离子交换对Co-Mo/MCM-41加氢脱硫催化剂的影响

 用偏硅酸钠和正硅酸乙酯作硅源制备了MCM-41（分别记作MCM-41(S)和MCM-41(T)）分子筛，并用Na₂C₂O₄和K₂C₂O₄对MCM-41(S)进行了碱金属离子交换改性。以质量分数0.8 %的二苯并噻吩（DBT）的十氢萘溶液为模型化合物，考察了不同MCM-41担载的Co-Mo硫化物催化剂对DBT的加氢脱硫反应性能。结果表明，MCM-41担载的Co-Mo催化剂加氢活性较低，DBT主要通过直接脱硫反应路径脱硫。其活性顺序为：Co-Mo/MCM-41(T)>Co-Mo/MCM-41(S)>Co-Mo/MCM-41(K)>Co-Mo/MCM-41(Na)。UV-Vis结果表明，部分Co与MCM-41(S)中少量Al发生相互作用，生成了CoAl₂O₄，是造成Co-Mo/MCM-41(S)活性降低的重要因素。而在Co-Mo/MCM-41(K)和Co-Mo/MCM-41(Na)中，除CoAl₂O₄物种之外，碱金属的引入还促进了Co₃O₄物种的形成，使其活性进一步降低。     

L/MCM-41介微孔复合分子筛合成的影响因素

以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTAB）为模板剂,采用两步晶化法先合成L分子筛,再合成 L/MCM-41复合分子筛,合成过程中采用了离子交换技术。用 XRD、BET 等测试手段对合成样品进行表征。考察了合成体系pH值、模板剂用量、晶化温度对合成产物的影响。结果表明,用硫酸调节合成体系 pH 值在10~11范围,以及 n(CTAB)/n(SiO₂)=0.25、120℃ 晶化2 d 的条件下,合成得到的 L/MCM-41复合分子筛孔径比微孔分子筛大,为3.04 nm;与水热晶化法合成的MCM-41相比,壁厚由0.55 nm 增大到1.81 nm;水热稳定性也明显提高,在100℃沸腾状态下结构保持时间由原来的低于2 h 延长到8 h。     

K2O对Co-Mo/MCM-41催化剂加氢脱硫性能的影响

分别采用分步浸渍法和共浸渍法将K2O引入Co-Mo/MCM-41催化剂的前驱体中,制得的催化剂分别记作K-CoMo/MCM-41和KCoMo/MCM-41,并以质量分数0.8 %二苯并噻吩（DBT）的十氢萘溶液作模型化合物,考察了3种硫化物催化剂对其加氢脱硫(HDS)反应的催化性能。采用XRD、UV-Vis和TPR分析手段对所得的催化剂进行了表征。结果表明,采用共浸渍法引入K2O,不仅破坏了载体全硅MCM-41的结构,还降低了Co-Mo/MCM-41催化剂中八面体配位的Mo物种含量;采用分步浸渍法将K2O引入Co-Mo/MCM-41前驱体中,对催化剂中物种的分布和配位状态影响不大,但抑制了Co-Mo/MCM-41前驱体的还原。DBT的脱硫路径有直接脱硫(DDS)和加氢脱硫(HYD)两条路径,在Co-Mo/MCM-41硫化物催化剂上,主要通过DDS路径脱硫。KCoMo/MCM-41对DBT的DDS和HYD的催化活性都低于Co-Mo/MCM-41,因而总的DBT HDS反应活性也较低。而采用分步浸渍法引入K2O对Co-Mo/MCM-41总的DBT HDS催化活性影响不大,但提高了Co-Mo/MCM-41对DDS路径的催化活性,同时抑制了其对HYD路径的催化活性,降低了反应过程中氢气的消耗。     

hysicochemical Properties and Catalytic Performance of a Novel Aluminosilicate Composite Zeolite for Hydrocarbon Cracking Reaction

A novel micro-micro/mesoporous aluminosilicate ZSM-5-Y/MCM-41 composite molecular sieve with a MCM-41 type structure was synthesized through a novel process of the self-assembly of CTAB surfactant micellae with silica-alumina source originated from alkaline treatment of ZSM-5 zeolite. The physical properties of the ZSM-5-Y/MCM-41 composite molecular sieve were characterized by XRD, Py-FTIR and N2 adsorption-desorption techniques. Different kinds of molecular sieves including ZSM-5, Y zeolite, Al-MCM-41, ZSM-5/MCM-41 and ZSM-5-Y/MCM-41 as cracking catalysts were investigated, using 1,3,5-triisopropylbenzene (1,3,5-TIPB) as the probe molecule. Catalytic tests showed that the ZSM-5-Y/MCM-41 composite molecular sieve exhibited higher catalytic activity compared with the microporous ZSM-5 zeolite, Y zeolite, mesoporous Al-MCM-41 molecular sieve and ZSM-5/MCM-41 composite molecular sieve under the same conditions. The remarkable catalytic activity was mainly attributed to the presence of the hierarchical pore structure and proper acidity in the ZSM-5-Y/MCM-41 composite catalyst. Meanwhile, a carbenium ion mechanism was put forward for the cracking of 1,3,5-TIPB.     

喹啉对Ni-Mo催化剂HDS性能的影响

 考察了喹啉存在时 Ni-Mo/MCM-41、Ni-Mo/MCM-41-Y(C)和Ni-Mo/MCM-41-Y(M)催化剂对二苯并噻吩（DBT）的加氢脱硫(HDS)活性,研究了载体孔道及酸性位的分布对催化剂耐氮性能的影响。结果表明,喹啉对DBT 加氢脱硫的加氢反应路径存在明显的抑制作用,而对氢解反应路径没有抑制作用。喹啉对DBT 加氢脱硫的氢解反应和加氢反应路径的不同作用,表明 DBT 在Ni-Mo 催化剂上进行HDS 时氢解反应和加氢反应可能发生在不同的活性位。孔道结构和酸性位的分布不同的Ni-Mo/MCM-41-Y(M)催化剂的耐氮能力弱于Ni-Mo/MCM-41-Y(C)催化剂,表明载体的孔道结构和酸性位的分布对催化剂的耐氮性能具有重要影响。     

有机蒙脱土与MCM-41介孔分子筛的共同填加对聚丙烯基复合材料性能的影响

以纳米有机蒙脱土(OMMT)、MCM-41纳米介孔分子筛(不含模板剂)、OMMT/MCM-41混合物(m(OMMT):m(MCM-41)=1:1)为填料(增强组分),通过双螺杆挤出机制备了聚丙烯(PP)基纳米复合材料;考察了填料种类及添加量对纳米复合材料性能的影响。实验结果表明,以OMMT/MCM-41混合物为填料时,两种粒子起到了协同增强、增韧的作用;当OMMT/MCM-41混合物的添加量(以体系的总质量计)为2.0%时,PP基纳米复合材料的拉伸强度和冲击强度达到最大值,分别为45.1MPa和38.6kJ/m2,比PP分别提高了30%和53%;同时添加OMMT和MCM-41的PP基纳米复合材料的热稳定性高于单独填加OMMT或MCM-41的PP基纳米复合材料。     

介孔分子筛MCM-41的合成及其催化噻吩与异丁烯烷基化反应性能

采用水热合成法制得不同硅铝比的介孔分子筛MCM - 41 ,并通过XRD ,BET ,NH3 -TPD方法对催化剂进行了表征 ,结果表明 ,弱酸性介孔分子筛HMCM - 41具有较高的相对结晶度、较大的比表面积、孔径和酸量。同时 ,不同焙烧方式对催化剂相对结晶度及比表面积影响较大 ,N2 气氛焙烧有利于保护介孔分子筛MCM - 41的骨架完整 ,提高其相对结晶度。以噻吩为模型化合物 ,异丁烯为烷基化剂 ,对HMCM - 41分子筛催化噻吩与异丁烯的烷基化反应性能进行了考察。在反应温度 80℃、常压、进料气体 (异丁烯 /N2 摩尔比为 1 /1 )流量 5ml/min、WHSV =2 33h- 1的条件下 ,噻吩转化率高达 95%以上     

用于吸附甲苯的微介孔碳材料的制备及改性

在吸附甲苯过程中,吸附剂的选择是关键。在本论文中,合成了微介孔碳材料并进行了表征。在合成过程中,MCM-41为模板,蔗糖和糠醇分别做为碳源。分别考察了在不同甲苯初始浓度、温度和床层高度下,制备的碳材料的吸附性能。为了进一步提高碳材料吸附性能,利用硝酸对碳材料进行改性,并研究了改性碳材料的吸附性能。所制备的碳材料是典型的IV型等温线,孔径分布集中在微孔和介孔。与MCM-41相比,制备的碳材料具有高的吸附能力。改性以后,碳材料的比表面积和含氧官能团都增大,使得碳材料吸附量从改性前的185.3 mg/g增大到514.7mg/g。碳材料的表面积和表面化学特性决定了其吸附性能。     

MCM-41作载体制备磷化钼加氢脱硫催化剂

通过原位还原方法制备了MCM-41担载的MoP催化剂并用TPR和XRD方法对其进行了表征。选用二苯并噻吩(DBT)作模型化合物,考察了催化剂的加氢脱硫(HDS)反应活性和产物分布。结果表明,MoP/MCM-41催化剂的HDS反应活性明显高于MoP/Al2O3催化剂,从加氢脱硫产物分布看,DBT在MoP/Al2O3催化剂上主要通过直接脱硫路径脱硫,而在MoP/MCM-41催化剂上,直接脱硫和预加氢脱硫路径都发挥了重要作用。由中性和碱性浸渍液制备催化剂的HDS活性相当,高于用酸性浸渍液制备的催化剂。     

H2S对Ni-Mo催化剂HDS性能的影响

 考察了H2S存在时Ni-Mo/MCM-41、Ni-Mo/MCM-41-Y(M)和Ni-Mo/MCM-41-Y(C)催化剂的加氢脱硫(HDS)活性,研究了载体孔道及酸性位的分布对催化剂耐硫性能的影响。结果表明,H2S对DBT的HDS反应存在明显的抑制作用;H2S对DBT的HDS反应的氢解(DDS)反应和加氢(HYD)反应路径的抑制程度不同,表明DBT在Ni-Mo催化剂上HDS反应时DDS反应和HYD反应可能发生在不同的活性位上。Ni-Mo/MCM-41-Y(M)催化剂的耐硫能力强于Ni-Mo/MCM-41-Y(C)催化剂,表明载体的孔道结构和酸性位的分布对催化剂的耐硫性能具有重要影响。     

MCM-41负载磷钨酸催化剂的制备及其对乙酰化反应的催化性能

采用水热合成法制备了介孔分子筛 MCM-41,并利用浸渍方法将磷钨酸负载在 MCM-41分子筛上,经煅烧得到 PW/MCM-41催化剂;利用 X 射线衍射、傅里叶变换红外光谱、N_2吸附-脱附和 NH_3程序升温脱附等手段对催化剂进行了表征;考察了 PW/MCM-41催化剂对苯甲醚及1,4-二甲氧基苯的乙酰化反应的催化性能。表征结果显示,磷钨酸负载到 MCM-41分子筛上后,保持了 Keggin 结构,MCM-41分子筛保持了介孔结构。实验结果表明,PW/MCM-41催化剂的活性随磷钨酸负载量的增大而降低;磷钨酸质量分数为30%的 PW/MCM-41催化剂上反应底物的转化率最高,使用该催化剂0.8 g,以10 mL 二氯甲烷为溶剂,在苯甲醚用量0.01 mol、乙酸酐用量0.02 mol、反应温度140℃、反应时间4 h 的条件下,苯甲醚转化率可达77.0%,对甲氧基苯乙酮的选择性为96.5%。     

Hydrogenation of Naphthalene on HY/MCM-41 Composite Supported Sulfided Ni-Mo Catalysts

A series of mesoporous molecular sieves, MCM-41 with different Si/Al molar ratios, were synthesized by hydrothermal method. The influence of aluminum content on the properties and pore structure of MCM-41 molecular sieves was investigated. The supported Ni-Mo catalysts with MCM-41 and γ-Al₂O₃ as supports were synthesized by impregnating with Ni-Mo-P solution. The activity of the catalysts was characterized by hydrogenation of naphthalene. The influence of Si/Al ratio of MCM-41 on hydrogenation activity of the catalysts was investigated. The results indicated that the relative crystallinity of MCM-41 decreases with the increase of aluminum content in the molecular sieves; however, the hydrogenation activity of the catalysts, especially the ring-opening activity, increases with the increase of aluminum content. The synergistic effect for hydrogenation of naphthalene was found by mixing MCM-41 and HY molecular sieves. At 360°C the catalysts with HY and MCM-41 mixture as supports had higher activity. The reaction network for hydrogenation of naphthalene includes two parallel pathways; naphthalene was hydrogenated to tetralin, then the isomerization and ring-opening of tetralin occurred, or tetralin was further hydrogenated to decalin, followed by the isomerization and ring-opening of decalin.