EFFECTS OF THE BITUMEN POLAR FRACTIONS ON THE STABILITY OF BITUMEN AQUEOUS DISPERSIONS

The flocculation of aqueous bitumen emulsion during transportation and processing depends mostly on the electrical properties of bitumen-water interface. The aim of this study is to show how such interface is affected by the resins/asphaltenes ratio (r/a) of the bitumen. Our results indicate that the r/a controls the interfacial composition and the stability of the bitumen droplets in a water-continuous medium. Moreover, it is shown that the r/a is primarily responsible for maintaining diffusion of polar components inside the bitumen droplet. Such non-equilibrium behavior of various bitumen polar components takes place during the dispersion manufacturing and/or maturation phase. In this work, the asphaltenes and resins contents of a bitumen series were determined. In addition, the acid-base properties of the same bitumen series were studied by non-aqueous potentiometric titration method. The nature and the amount of acidic and basic functionaliti present in the bitumen were evaluated by comparison with the acid-base model compounds such as carboxylic acid, benzoic acid and pyridine. Furthermore, the interfacial properties of the acidic aqueous bitumen dispersions were studied by contact-angle and zeta potential measurements. The overall results indicate that stable bitumens dispersions are obtained with bitumens having high values of the resins/asphaltenes ratios.     

ZSM-5/MCM-41微-介孔复合分子筛的微波合成及表征

以碱液处理的ZSM-5分子筛反应液为硅铝源、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵为介孔模板剂,通过微波法快速合成了具有微-介孔结构的ZSM-5/MCM-41复合分子筛。考察了反应时间、反应温度和体系p H对合成产物的影响,优化了合成条件,并利用XRD、SEM、TEM、N2吸附-脱附等手段对合成产物进行了表征。实验结果表明,反应温度为120℃时,在0.5 mol/L的Na OH溶液中,利用微波消解ZSM-5分子筛原粉30 min后,调节体系p H为10.5,继续晶化30 min,可得到ZSM-5/MCM-41复合分子筛。相比于传统水热法,微波法的合成效率提高了20倍以上。所得ZSM-5/MCM-41复合分子筛中既保留了ZSM-5分子筛的微孔结构,也形成了典型的MCM-41分子筛的介孔结构,且所得ZSM-5/MCM-41复合分子筛的孔体积、比表面积较ZSM-5分子筛提高了近3倍。     

核壳型多级孔道ZSM-5/MCM-41分子筛的制备及其在汽油改质中的应用

在碱处理ZSM 5的浆液中外加模板剂和新的硅铝源,采用水热合成法合成了具有微孔和介孔孔道的多级孔道H ZSM 5/MCM 41分子筛,采用XRD、BET和HRTEM等方法对其表征。在20 MPa、350℃、体积空速2 h-1、氢/油体积比300的条件下,采用固定床反应器,考察了合成分子筛经等体积浸渍法负载不同n(Ni)/n(Mo)双金属活性组分所得催化剂对加氢脱硫后的FCC汽油重组分的加氢改质催化性能。结果表明,合成的H ZSM 5/MCM 41分子筛中外加硅铝源的Si/Al摩尔比为50时,可以得到孔道结构较好的多级孔道分子筛,该分子筛具有以ZSM 5分子筛相作为核、介孔MCM 41相作为壳的核壳结构。多级孔道分子筛负载NiMo双金属活性组分的催化剂催化汽油加氢异构化和芳构化性能与其酸性和孔结构密切相关,当催化剂中n(Ni)/n(Mo)=1/2,w(Ni)=30%时,其汽油加氢异构化和芳构化催化性能较好。     

ZSM-5/MCM-41介孔硅铝分子筛担载Pd和Pt制备加氢脱硫催化剂

将ZSM-5溶于偏硅酸钠水溶液,以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵作模板剂,用水热合成法自组装合成了具有较强酸性和不同SiO₂/Al₂O₃摩尔比(n(SiO₂)/n(Al₂O₃))的ZSM-5/MCM-41介孔硅铝分子筛（记为ZM(x),x=n(SiO₂)/n(Al₂O₃)）。以二苯并噻吩（DBT）质量分数为0.8%的十氢萘溶液为模型化合物,考察了Si-MCM-41和ZM(x)担载的Pd和Pt催化剂催化加氢脱硫（HDS）反应的活性。结果表明,担载Pt和Pd不会破坏ZM(x)的介孔结构;DBT在Pd催化剂上主要通过加氢路径脱硫,而在Pt催化剂上则直接脱硫和加氢2条反应路径并重;Si-MCM-41为载体的催化剂HDS活性较低并且失活较快,以ZM(x)为载体的Pd和Pt催化剂加氢活性、加氢脱硫活性、加氢裂化活性及稳定性都有显著提高;ZM(x)担载的Pt和Pd催化剂催化HDS反应的活性可能与其活性组分分散度以及载体的B酸和L酸比例（B/L）有关,具有较好的活性组分分散度和较高B/L比例的ZM(60)担载的Pd和Pt催化剂表现出最佳的加氢脱硫活性和稳定性。     

Catalytic cracking of isopropylbenzene over hybrid HZSM-12/M41S (M41S = MCM-41 or MCM-48) micro-mesoporous materials

The catalytic cracking of isopropylbenzene was investigaded over hybrid ZSM-12/MCM-41 and HZSM-12/MCM-48 micro-mesoporous materials, in order to verify the effect of the acid site of the accessibility of mesoporous channels combined with the acid sites into the zeolite. The hybrid materials were synthesized by the hydrothermal method using the template mechanism. The obtained materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction and BET isotherms using nitrogen adsorption-desorption at 77 K. The X-ray diffraction patterns presented characteristic peaks of the microporous and mesoporous phases. These analysis revealed the formation of ordered hexagonal MCM-41 or cubic MCM-48 mesoporous phases, associated with the ZSM-12 structure. In order to generate acid sites, the materials were ion exchanged with ammonium chloride solution. The calcined hybrid materials were tested as catalyst for cracking of isopropyl-benzene, using a fixed bed reactor at 450 ^oC and nitrogen gas. The catalytic tests showed that the HZSM-12/AlMCM-41 and HZSM-12/MCM-48 hybrid materials have potential for use in cracking reactions, bening more active than the zeolite or the M41S alone. The catalytic activities of the hybrid materials can be associated with a synergistic effect between the acid sites present on the zeolitic phase and the mesoporous phase. In order to verify how the structure of the hybrid materials may affect and control their catalytic performances, the results were compared with HZSM-12 physically mixed with MCM-41 and MCM-48.     

Investigation of ZSM-5/MCM-41 Composite Molecular Sieve for Reducing Olefin Content of FCC Gasoline

ZSM-5/MCM-41 composite molecular sieve was prepared by the nano-assembling method.The ZSM-5 molecular sieve,the MCM-41 molecular sieve,the ZSM-5/MCM-41 mechanical mixture and the ZSM-5/MCM-41 composite molecular sieve were characterized by X-ray powder diffractometry,N2 adsorption isotherms,temperature programmed desorption of ammonia and scanning electron microscopy and their properties were analyzed.Using FCC gasoline as the feed,activities of different molecular sieves for reducing olefin content were investigated in a continuous high-pressure micro-reactor unit under the following conditions:a reaction temperature of 400℃,a reaction time of 2 h,a weight hourly space velocity of 3 h-1,and a reaction pressure of 2.0 MPa.The results showed that the HMCM-41 molecular sieve had low reaction performance,and the HZSM-5 molecular sieve demonstrated high aromatization activity,while the ZSM-5/MCM-41 composite molecular sieve exhibited a best olefin-reducing performance because of its high isomerization activity and moderate aromatization activity.With a largest olefin-reducing capability and a reasonable distribution of products,the composite molecular sieve was more suitable for FCC gasoline upgrading compared to other three catalysts.     

Ni/（ZSM-5/MCM-41）催化剂的制备及其催化庚烷异构性能

以ZSM-5为硅源、NaOH为碱源、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)为模板剂,采用水热合成法制备ZSM-5/MCM-41复合分子筛,并浸渍负载金属Ni,制得金属-酸中心双功能催化剂;利用X射线衍射光谱、N₂吸附-脱附、氨程序升温脱附和透射电镜等表征手段,考察碱溶条件及Ni负载量对催化剂结构和性能的影响;进而考察催化剂对正庚烷异构化反应的催化性能。结果表明：制备ZSM-5/MCM-41复合分子筛的最佳碱溶条件为NaOH浓度1.5 mol/L、碱溶温度为40℃、碱溶时间30 min;得到的复合分子筛的酸性适宜且具有典型的微孔/介孔复合结构;负载Ni后,金属Ni均匀地分散在复合分子筛表面;使用2%Ni/(ZSM-5/MCM-41)催化正庚烷异构化反应,在反应温度290℃下,正庚烷的转化率达65.44%,异庚烷的选择性达70.59%。     

MgAPO-5/MCM-41分子筛的表征及催化性能

 采用微波水热法合成了MgAPO-5/MCM-41分子筛。考察了晶化温度对分子筛合成和性质的影响，并通过XRD、NH₃-TPD、TEM、NMR等分析手段对合成的样品进行了表征。结果表明，当晶化温度为90℃时，合成的样品具有微孔结构和MCM-41特有的六方排列的孔道结构，P原子和Al原子都进入了分子筛的骨架，并且具有较高的有序度、比表面积、孔容和平均孔径。Mg的掺入能显著提高分子筛的酸性。用MgAPO-5/MCM-41分子筛催化苯与α-十二烯的烷基化反应时，α-十二烯的转化率可达到99%以上，2-苯基十二烷的选择性达到20%以上，但该分子筛稳定性不高。     

Physical mixture of MCM-41/ZSM-5 as an active catalyst component for maximization of propylene in Catalytic cracking of VGO

The performance of a novel catalyst additive containing highly porous MCM-41 and ZSM-5 zeolite was investigated using a commercial equilibrium FCC catalyst in catalytic cracking of vacuum gas oil. The catalytic tests were assessed in a fixed-bed microactivity test unit at reaction temperatures 500–620 °C. The highest propylene yield of 23.8 wt% was achieved at 600 °C. The propylene yield increased from 14.49 wt% to 23.8 wt% when the temperature rose from 500 to 600 °C; however the gasoline yield fell from 22.47wt% to 16.49 wt% by increasing the temperature from 580 °C to 620 °C, respectively.     

Synthesis,Characterization, and Evaluation of Mesoporous MCM-41-supported Molybdenum Hydrotreating Catalysts

Abstract

Mesoporous MCM-41 material with high surface area and narrow pore size distribution was synthesized and used as a support for Mo, CoMo, and NiMo catalysts. The molybdenum loading was varied from 2–14 wt% on MCM-41. On 10 wt% Mo/MCM-41, the promoter Co or Ni concentration was varied from 1–5 wt%. All the catalyst samples were characterized by surface area, low temperature oxygen chemisorption, x-ray diffraction (XRD), and temperature programmed reduction methods. Characterization results show that Mo is well dispersed on MCM-41 up to 10 wt%. The catalytic activities were evaluated for thiophene hydrodesulphurization (HDS), cyclohexene hydrogenation (HYD), and furan hydrodeoxygenation (HDO). All three catalytic functionalities vary in a similar manner to that of oxygen chemisorption as a function of Mo loading, indicating that there is a correlation between oxygen uptake and catalytic sites. The activities of these catalysts were compared with γ-Al₂O₃- and amorphous SiO₂-supported catalysts. It was found that MCM-41-supported Mo catalysts displayed superior activities.     

Synthesis, Characterization, and Evaluation of Mesoporous MCM-41-supported Molybdenum Hydrotreating Catalysts

Mesoporous MCM-41 material with high surface area and narrow pore size distribution was synthesized and used as a support for Mo, CoMo, and NiMo catalysts. The molybdenum loading was varied from 2-14 wt% on MCM-41. On 10 wt% Mo/MCM-41, the promoter Co or Ni concentration was varied from 1-5 wt%. All the catalyst samples were characterized by surface area, low temperature oxygen chemisorption, x-ray diffraction (XRD), and temperature programmed reduction methods. Characterization results show that Mo is well dispersed on MCM-41 up to 10 wt%. The catalytic activities were evaluated for thiophene hydrodesulphurization (HDS), cyclohexene hydrogenation (HYD), and furan hydrodeoxygenation (HDO). All three catalytic functionalities vary in a similar manner to that of oxygen chemisorption as a function of Mo loading, indicating that there is a correlation between oxygen uptake and catalytic sites. The activities of these catalysts were compared with γ-Al₂O₃- and amorphous SiO₂-supported catalysts. It was found that MCM-41-supported Mo catalysts displayed superior activities.     

厚壁MCM-41中孔分子筛的合成

在水热条件下,以硅酸钠、活性氧化铝为硅源和铝源,表面活性剂ＣＴＭＡＢ为结构模板剂,对合成过程的凝胶组成、晶化温度、晶化时间等因素进行正交试验,成功地合成出相对结晶度高的厚壁ＭＣＭ－４１中孔分子筛材料。采用ＸＲＤ、低温Ｎ２吸附（ＢＥＴ）等测试手段对合成的ＭＣＭ－４１样品进行表征。考察了影响ＭＣＭ－４１孔壁厚度的主要因素。结果表明,向体系中加入适量的稀硫酸和有机酸,有效地控制了体系的ｐＨ,提高了ＭＣＭ－４１的相对结晶度和孔壁厚度。通过优化合成条件,合成出孔径３１８ｎｍ、比表面大于１０００ｍ２·ｇ－１、孔壁厚度２８２ｎｍ的ＭＣＭ－４１中孔分子筛。     

ZSM-5/MCM-48复合分子筛基催化剂上甲醇制汽油反应工艺条件的研究

<正>甲醇转化为烃类液体燃料和化学品是当前替代石油技术研究的热点之一。早期由Mobil公司首先以提其出独了特甲的醇孔制道汽结油构(在MMTTG)G反技应术。中Z表S现M-出5良分好子筛的催化性能[1],但其强酸性导致油相产物中的芳烃含     

有机蒙脱土与MCM-41介孔分子筛的共同填加对聚丙烯基复合材料性能的影响

以纳米有机蒙脱土(OMMT)、MCM-41纳米介孔分子筛(不含模板剂)、OMMT/MCM-41混合物(m(OMMT):m(MCM-41)=1:1)为填料(增强组分),通过双螺杆挤出机制备了聚丙烯(PP)基纳米复合材料;考察了填料种类及添加量对纳米复合材料性能的影响。实验结果表明,以OMMT/MCM-41混合物为填料时,两种粒子起到了协同增强、增韧的作用;当OMMT/MCM-41混合物的添加量(以体系的总质量计)为2.0%时,PP基纳米复合材料的拉伸强度和冲击强度达到最大值,分别为45.1MPa和38.6kJ/m2,比PP分别提高了30%和53%;同时添加OMMT和MCM-41的PP基纳米复合材料的热稳定性高于单独填加OMMT或MCM-41的PP基纳米复合材料。     

H_6P_2W_(18)O_(62)/MCM-41催化剂的制备、表征及其催化合成乙酰水杨酸

采用浸渍法将Dawson结构的磷钨酸H6P2W18O62(简写为P2W18)负载在MCM-41分子筛上,制备出新型P2W18/MCM-41催化剂;采用FTIR,XRD,SEM,EDS等方法对催化剂进行了表征。表征结果显示,P2W18/MCM-41催化剂既保持了MCM-41分子筛的孔道结构,又保持了P2W18的Dawson结构。同时研究了P2W18/MCM-41催化剂对乙酰水杨酸合成反应的活性,通过正交实验确定了优化工艺条件:n(水杨酸)∶n(乙酸酐)=1.0∶1.5、P2W18/MCM-41催化剂用量2.7%(基于反应物的质量)、反应温度80℃、反应时间10 min。在此优化条件下,乙酰水杨酸收率为88.1%。P2W18/MCM-41催化剂重复使用5次,乙酰水杨酸收率仍可达76.7%。     

纳米ZSM-5-MCM-41的制备及其在汽油芳构/加氢脱硫中的应用

以纳米ZSM-5为硅源,采用分子筛硅源法制备了纳米ZSM-5-MCM-41介微孔复合分子筛,并对合成试样进行了XRD、NH3-TPD、SEM及Py-IR等表征,考察了晶化过程中体系pH值、晶化温度、晶化时间、模板剂用量和碱溶液浓度对ZSM-5-MCM-41复合分子筛结构及性质的影响。采用模拟原料油,在高压微反装置上评价了以复合分子筛为载体制备的Co-Mo/ZSM-5-MCM-41催化剂的催化性能。结果表明,与基于机械混合载体的催化剂相比,基于分子硅源法制备复合分子筛载体的催化剂有较高的芳构性能和脱硫性能,在压力1.5MPa、温度350℃、氢油体积比300,空速2h-1条件下,模拟原料的芳构产率和脱硫率分别为15.08%和95.48%。     

MCM-41/Y介孔-微孔复合分子筛的合成及其加氢裂化性能研究

以Y分子筛、水玻璃和硫酸铝为原料,采用二元混合表面活性剂,水热晶化合成了MCM-41/Y介孔-微孔复合分子筛,并用XRD,SEM,TEM,N2吸附-脱附和Py-IR等多种分析手段对其进行了分析表征。同时以MCM-41/Y复合分子筛和无定形硅铝为酸性组分,以W-Ni为活性金属组分,制备了加氢裂化催化剂MYC,并在200 mL加氢评价装置上进行了加氢性能评价。结果表明,MCM-41/Y复合分子筛中存在着复合的MCM-41六方介孔相和Y微孔相;加氢裂化催化剂MYC催化活性较好,在反应压力15 MPa、氢油体积比1 500∶1、体积空速1.5 h-1的条件下,中油选择性为74.82%,C5+液体收率为98.56%,65～165℃重石脑油的芳潜为43.6%,165～370℃柴油的十六烷值为62.2,大于370℃尾油BMCI值为7.1,分别可作为优质的重整装置进料、柴油调合组分及乙烯裂解原料。     

硅烷偶联剂与介孔模板剂作用下合成多级孔结构ZSM-5分子筛

在传统ZSM 5分子筛合成体系中,添加硅烷偶联剂氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷(APTES)和介孔模板剂聚丙烯酸 十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(PAA CTAB),得到多级孔结构ZSM 5分子筛。采用XRD、SEM、TEM和N2吸附 脱附等分析手段,考察了合成的ZSM 5分子筛的结构、形貌和孔结构性质。结果表明,添加APTES硅烷偶联剂可以得到具有球形形貌的多级孔结构的ZSM 5分子筛,而添加介孔模板(PAA CTAB)可以进一步提高多级孔结构ZSM 5的介孔含量。合成的多级孔结构ZSM 5分子筛在催化苯与苯甲醇的烷基化反应中展现了较高的催化活性。     

介孔ZSM-5沸石的制备及在2-甲基萘甲基化反应中的应用

以γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷(APTES)为硅烷偶联剂,采用硅烷化晶种法制备介孔ZSM-5沸石,并利用XRD、FT-IR、SEM、TEM、N₂吸附-脱附、NH₃-TPD等手段对其进行表征。结果表明,APTES硅烷化晶种法可以合成出具有介孔结构的纯相ZSM-5沸石,该样品为由若干纳米晶粒团聚而成的粒径300~500 nm的球形颗粒,并且可以通过调变APTES加入量来调节ZSM-5沸石的晶粒尺寸及其孔道结构。该介孔ZSM-5沸石催化剂用于2-甲基萘（2-MN）与甲醇烷基化生成2,6-二甲基萘反应中, 2-MN初始转化率为40%(而未加APTES者仅为30%),反应至10 h,2-MN转化率仍可达32%(而未加APTES者已降至16%)。