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1.
变量排序启发式是约束规划求解约束满足问题中的一项关键技术,对求解效率有着重要影响.为进一步提高基于关联的变量排序启发式方法CRBS对问题求解的效率和能力,提出了一种基于ParetoHeu和实例化失败统计的关联启发式PICRBS.PICRBS采用源于帕累托最优的启发式组合方式ParetoHeu,将CRBS与经典的通用启发...  相似文献   

2.
We study the complexity of two-person constraint satisfaction games. An instance of such a game is given by a collection of constraints on overlapping sets of variables, and the two players alternately make moves assigning values from a finite domain to the variables, in a specified order. The first player tries to satisfy all constraints, while the other tries to break at least one constraint; the goal is to decide whether the first player has a winning strategy. We show that such games can be conveniently represented by a logical form of quantified constraint satisfaction, where an instance is given by a first-order sentence in which quantifiers alternate and the quantifier-free part is a conjunction of (positive) atomic formulas; the goal is to decide whether the sentence is true.While the problem of deciding such a game is PSPACE-complete in general, by restricting the set of allowed constraint predicates, one can obtain infinite classes of constraint satisfaction games of lower complexity. We use the quantified constraint satisfaction framework to study how the complexity of deciding such a game depends on the parameter set of allowed predicates. With every predicate, one can associate certain predicate-preserving operations, called polymorphisms. We show that the complexity of our games is determined by the surjective polymorphisms of the constraint predicates. We illustrate how this result can be used by identifying the complexity of a wide variety of constraint satisfaction games.  相似文献   

3.
最大度二元约束满足问题粒子群算法   总被引:6,自引:2,他引:6       下载免费PDF全文
约束满足问题是人工智能的一个重要研究领域,使用粒子群搜索算法来求解约束满足问题逐渐受到人们的重视.把变量的最大度静态变量序关系引入到评估函数中,区别对待每个变量,通过静态变量序关系改变适应度函数,从而影响算法对最优粒子的选择.使用随机约束满足问题实验表明,改进后的算法比原算法具有更好的搜索能力,能以更快的速度收敛到全局解.  相似文献   

4.
A Context for Constraint Satisfaction Problem Formulation Selection   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
Much research effort has been applied to finding effective ways for solving constraint satisfaction problems. However, the most fundamental aspect of constraint satisfaction problem solving, problem formulation, has received much less attention. This is important because the selection of an appropriate formulation can have dramatic effects on the efficiency of any constraint satisfaction problem solving algorithm.In this paper, we address the issue of problem formulation. We identify the heuristic nature of generating a good formulation and we propose a context for this process. Our work presents the research community with a focus for the many elements which affect problem formulation and this is illustrated with the example adding redundant constraints. It also provides a significant step towards the goal of automatic selection of problem formulations.  相似文献   

5.
高健  陈荣  李辉 《软件学报》2019,30(12):3590-3604
量词约束满足问题是人工智能和自动推理领域的一个重要问题.寻找多项式时间易解子类,是研究此类问题计算复杂性的关键.通过分析二元量词约束满足问题中的约束关系特征,以及量词前缀中的全称量词排列的顺序,提出了针对全称量词变量子结构的易解性质的分析方法.通过该方法,扩展了已知的基于Broken-Triangle Property的多项式时间易解子类,提出了一个更一般化的量词约束满足问题的混合易解子类.讨论了易解子类在问题结构分析中的一个应用,即通过易解子类确定量词约束满足问题的隐蔽变量集合,并通过实验分析不同易解子类所确定的集合大小.实验改造了基于回溯算法的求解器,在回溯过程中加入了易解子类的识别算法,并采用随机约束满足问题的生成模型作为测试基准.通过对比实验,验证了提出的多项式时间易解子类可以识别出更小的隐蔽变量集合,因此,新提出的易解子类在确定隐蔽变量集合方面更具优势.最后阐述了其他已有的混合易解子类也可以通过类似方法进行扩展,从而得到更多的一般化的理论结果.  相似文献   

6.
入库堆垛问题普遍存在于堆场作业管理中,是在货物数目和出库顺序已知的前提下,要求较长(重)的货物置于较短(轻)的货物下方,目标是实现占用垛位数最少。通过问题分析,将其归结为一类带顺序约束的A形装箱问题,并建立了约束满足模型,设计了嵌入经典装箱启发式的约束满足求解算法。实验表明,该算法对于求解复杂约束下的大规模堆场问题较现有的装箱启发式有一定程度的改善。  相似文献   

7.
关系数据库设计中的数据依赖确定与语义分析   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2  
在关系数据库的设计中,数据依赖的确定是至关重要的,为保证数据的完整性,需要在数据库的设计、录入及维护全过程中保持数据依赖的一致性。数据依赖是关系数据间现实语义约束的一个反映,是属于语义范畴的,它的确定也是基于数据所蕴含的语义。本文结合实例,通过分析数据蕴含的语义,讨论确定关系数据的函数依赖和多值依赖的一般思路和方法,并分析了语义的强制与保持问题,对实际的关系数据库设计有理论参考价值。  相似文献   

8.
智能规划和调度中的许多时态(或时序)问题可以表达为析取时态问题(DTP).目前,多数析取时态问题求解器将析取时态问题看作约束可满足问题(CSP)或可满足问题(SAT),并使用标准的CSP(或SAT)技术来求解DTP.虽然这些技术在求解DTP时已经可以达到较好的效率,然而,文献中极少研究者关注利用DTP本身特殊的结构中隐含的信息来帮助DTP求解.尝试从DTP的拓扑结构中提取出一种启发式策略.这种启发式策略试图从DTP的结构中提取出定性和定量的标准(TVS)来选择优先赋给当前变量的值,同时基于这种定量值选择标准设计了一个动态变量选择策略(TVO).这种技术基于定义的一种DTP的图模型--析取时态网络(DTN).实验结果显示TVS和TVO策略均可以有效减小搜索中节点访问次数;同时它与已有的RSV值选择策略效果相当,而TVO优于最少剩余值(MRV)方法(节省一个数量级以上的访问节点数);此外,配合其他CSP启发技术,可以得到一个高效的DTP求解算法DTN-DTP.  相似文献   

9.
As the order fulfillment process (OFP) in supply chains shifts to outsourcing paradigm, the OFP performance relies on the coordination among supply chain partners to reach executable and effective plans. The coordination of OFP among supply chain partners can be viewed as a distributed constraint satisfaction problem (DCSP). This study adds the multi-agent negotiation mechanism to enhance the existing methods to solve the DCSP, and then evaluates the integrated system’s performance through experimentation on the OFP in the context of the metal industry. The experimental results show that the integrated system outperforms the existing distributed constraint satisfaction algorithms in various demand patterns.  相似文献   

10.
身份认证方案是一种非常重要和有用的密码学工具.给出了两个高效和可证安全的基于ID的身份认证方案,这两个认证方案都是由高效且在标准模型中基于强Diffie-Hellman假设可证安全的Boneh-Boyen签名方案衍生出来的.分析了这两个基于ID的身份认证方案的安全性,在标准模型中证明一个在被动攻击下防止冒充安全,另一个在主动和并行攻击下也防止冒充安全.  相似文献   

11.
A constraint network is arc consistent if any value of any of its variables is compatible with at least one value of any other variable. The Arc Consistency Problem (ACP) consists in filtering out values of the variables of a given network to obtain one that is arc consistent, without eliminating any solution. ACP is known to be inherently sequential, or P-complete, so in this paper we examine some weaker versions of it and their parallel complexity. We propose several natural approximation schemes for ACP and show that they are also P-complete. In an attempt to overcome these negative results, we turn our attention to the problem of filtering out values from the variables so that each value in the resulting network is compatible with at least one value of not necessarily all, but a constant fraction of the other variables. We call such a network partially arc consistent. We give a parallel algorithm that, for any constraint network, outputs a partially arc consistent subnetwork of it in sublinear ( O( logn)) parallel time using O(n2) processors. This is the first (to our knowledge) sublinear-time parallel algorithm with polynomially many processors that guarantees that in the resulting network every value is compatible with at least one value in at least a constant fraction of the remaining variables. Finally, we generalize the notion of partiality to the k-consistency problem.  相似文献   

12.
约束满足技术在板坯排序中的应用   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1  
热轧调度中的板坯排序问题是一类特殊的排序问题,具有约束条件复杂、NP难特点。为了简化问题,将板坯排序问题转化为一个约束满足问题处理。给出板坯排序问题的约束满足模型,设计了基于约束满足和启发式混合求解算法。用3组实际生产数据对算法性能进行验证,说明了算法的有效性。  相似文献   

13.
代理签名方案允许原始签名者将自己的签名权力授权给代理签名者,使得代理签名者能够代表原始签名者对消息进行签名。提出了一个新的标准模型下可证安全的代理签名方案,其安全性基于q-强Diffie-Hellman困难问题,证明了该方案在标准模型下能够抵抗适应性选择消息攻击下的存在性伪造。与已有的方案进行比较,提出的方案需要较少的公共参数,实现了紧凑的安全归约,并且在密钥生成、标准签名、授权生成、代理签名生成等阶段具有较高的效率。  相似文献   

14.
In e-business, disputes between two or more parties arise for various reasons and involve different issues. Thus, resolution of these disputes frequently relies on some form of negotiation. This article presents a general problem-solving framework for modeling multi-issue multilateral agent negotiation using fuzzy constraints in e-business. Fuzzy constraints are thus used not only to define each agent's demands involving human concepts, but also to represent the relationships among agents. A concession strategy, based on fuzzy constraint-based problem-solving, is proposed to relax demands, and a trade-off strategy is presented to evaluate existing alternatives. This approach provides a systematic method for reaching an agreement that benefits all agents with a high satisfaction degree of constraints. Meanwhile, by applying the method, agents can move toward an agreement more quickly, because their search focuses only on the feasible solution space. An example application to negotiate an insurance policy among agents is provided to demonstrate the usefulness and effectiveness of the proposed framework.  相似文献   

15.
Constraint Solving in Uncertain and Dynamic Environments: A Survey   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
This article follows a tutorial, given by the authors on dynamic constraint solving at CP 2003 (Ninth International Conference on Principles and Practice of Constraint Programming) in Kinsale, Ireland (Verfaillie, G., & Jussien, N. (2003). It aims at offering an overview of the main approaches and techniques that have been proposed in the domain of constraint satisfaction to deal with uncertain and dynamic environments.  相似文献   

16.
将炼钢批量计划问题转化为一个约束满足问题处理,建立问题的约束满足模型,给出了基于约束满足的求解算法。仿真实验证明了模型和算法是有效的。  相似文献   

17.
This paper concerns project scheduling under resource constraints. Traditionally, the objective is to find a unique solution that minimizes the project makespan, while respecting the precedence constraints and the resource constraints. This work focuses on developing a model and a decision support framework for industrial application of the cumulative global constraint. For a given project scheduling, the proposed approach allows the generation of different optimal solutions relative to the alternate availability of outsourcing and resources. The objective is to provide a decision-maker an assistance to construct, choose, and define the appropriate scheduling program taking into account the possible capacity resources. The industrial problem under consideration is modeled as a constraint satisfaction problem (CSP). It is implemented under the constraint programming language CHIP V5. The provided solutions determine values for the various variables associated to the tasks realized on each resource, as well as the curves with the profile of the total consumption of resources on time.  相似文献   

18.
启发式是约束满足问题领域的重要研究课题,有效的启发式方法可以极大地提高问题的求解效率.在求解约束满足问题时,发现变量实例化失败次数与值实例化成功次数反映了变量和值与已实例化集合之间的关系,将实例化次数加以利用可以对问题求解效率有很大的影响.据此,提出了实例化次数的权值统计方法,并将其与现有启发式方法相结合,提出了实例化次数启发式及其相应的约束求解算法MAC_Try,并证明了其在一个分支上的最坏时间复杂度是O(ned3).大量实验结果表明,新的MAC_Try方法在求解效率上明显优于国际上流行的MAC3rm方法.  相似文献   

19.
基于多agent系统的分布式约束满足(CSP)问题的求解进程依赖于agent间的有效交互。该文针对着色问题(GCP)的分布式求解,提出了agent妥协的概念。通过妥协,两个相邻agent改变了各自原有的局部目标,实现了相邻约束的满足。模拟实验表明,妥协策略有助于提高分布式GCP问题的求解性能。该文还讨论了不同的妥协实现方式对性能的影响。  相似文献   

20.
In classical Constraint Satisfaction Problems (CSPs) knowledge is embedded in a set of hard constraints, each one restricting the possible values of a set of variables. However constraints in real world problems are seldom hard, and CSP's are often idealizations that do not account for the preference among feasible solutions. Moreover some constraints may have priority over others. Lastly, constraints may involve uncertain parameters. This paper advocates the use of fuzzy sets and possibility theory as a realistic approach for the representation of these three aspects. Fuzzy constraints encompass both preference relations among possible instantiations and priorities among constraints. In a Fuzzy Constraint Satisfaction Problem (FCSP), a constraint is satisfied to a degree (rather than satisfied or not satisfied) and the acceptability of a potential solution becomes a gradual notion. Even if the FCSP is partially inconsistent, best instantiations are provided owing to the relaxation of some constraints. Fuzzy constraints are thus flexible. CSP notions of consistency and k-consistency can be extended to this framework and the classical algorithms used in CSP resolution (e.g., tree search and filtering) can be adapted without losing much of their efficiency. Most classical theoretical results remain applicable to FCSPs. In the paper, various types of constraints are modelled in the same framework. The handling of uncertain parameters is carried out in the same setting because possibility theory can account for both preference and uncertainty. The presence of uncertain parameters leads to ill-defined CSPs, where the set of constraints which defines the problem is not precisely known.  相似文献   

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