低密度及阻燃低密度高回弹聚氨酯泡沫研制

采用聚醚多元醇和阻燃聚合物多元醇为主要原料,制备了低密度及阻燃低密度高回弹聚氨酯泡沫,讨论了低密度高回弹聚氨酯泡沫性能及阻燃聚合物多元醇TM-300用量对聚氨酯泡沫性能的影响。结果表明,低密度高回弹泡沫密度可低至35kg/m3,性能与一般密度聚氨酯泡沫相当。随着TM-300用量增加,阻燃低密度高回弹聚氨酯泡沫的硬度和拉伸强度增加,撕裂强度和伸长率下降;TM-300可有效提高聚氨酯泡沫的阻燃性能,氧指数可达到32,各项性能均较优异。     

交联剂对低密度高回弹聚氨酯泡沫性能的影响

采用不同交联剂制成了低密度聚氨酯高回弹泡沫,其芯密度为32 kg/m。分别考察了交联剂对泡沫成型工艺、拉伸强度、撕裂强度、回弹率和动态耐疲劳性能的影响。结果表明,采用聚醚质量分数1.5%的自制交联剂K制成的泡沫,工艺性与三乙醇胺制成的泡沫的相近,泡沫的伸长率和撕裂强度分别可达102.4%和249 N/m泡沫的动态耐疲劳性能较好,压陷硬度损失率为11.3%。     

低密度高硬度高回弹泡沫用组合料的开发

采用预聚体法对TDI进行改性制备低密度高硬度高回弹泡沫用组合聚醚,并与传统配方配制的较高密度泡沫用的组合聚醚在模塑制品性能方面作分析比较发现,密度为30kg/m3时的各项性能指标均接近或超过传统配方配制的密度为40kg/m3时的各项性能指标,可在保证制品性能的同时降低成本,显示出低密度高硬度高回弹泡沫用组合聚醚的市场优势。     

煤化工领域用的可降解聚乙醇酸的制备及应用性能

针对传统聚氨酯材料难降解,难处理的问题,提出以聚乙醇酸基多元醇为主要原料制备可降解聚氨酯泡沫和阻燃聚氨酯泡沫,并对其性能进行研究。结果表明,当聚乙醇酸基多元醇添加量为60%时,聚氨酯泡沫性能最佳,此时表观密度和导热系数分别为70.4kg·m^-3和0.055W·(m·K)^-1,压缩强度为610k Pa。当甲基膦酸二甲酯阻燃剂添加量为多元醇总质量的15%时,材料达到难燃材料标准,可起到一定的阻燃作用。     

高回弹、低密度环保泡沫用改性MDI的合成及其对制品性能的影响

采用低不饱和度、高相对分子质量、高活性聚醚多元醇,反应型增硬剂,反应型开孔剂和MDI型异氰酸酯为原料,研制出一种用于制备高回弹、低密度环保型泡沫的改性MDI,解决了当前改性MDI的模塑泡密度难以低于45kg/m3的技术问题。此改性MDI制备的高回弹泡沫在保证制品良好回弹性和硬度的前提下,密度最低可以降至38kg/m3。     

难燃级硬质聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫的研制

采用自行研制的聚酯多元醇、阻燃聚醚多元醇与添加型阻燃剂等助剂配制的组合聚醚,和多异氰酸酯进行反应,制得低发烟量、低脆性的难燃型聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫。讨论了聚酯多元醇、阻燃聚醚多元醇、添加型阻燃剂、泡沫稳定剂、异氰酸酯指数及催化剂等对泡沫性能的影响。试验表明,泡沫成型密度为52 kg/m3,氧指数为32,导热系数为0.024 W/(m·K),烟密度(SDR)为45％,压缩强度为0.300 MPa。     

聚氨酯泡沫低密度全水发泡代替氯氟烃

探讨了低密度聚氨酯软质泡沫全水发泡代替氯氟烃技术路线，介绍了新型聚醚多元醇TMD－3000、TEP－3600的性能，新的全水发泡配方体系可使软质块状泡沫密度降至15－20kg/m^3，热模型泡沫密度降至25kg/m^3而其机械性能保持良好状态。     

超细煤粉填充聚氨酯泡沫材料的性能

以聚合MDI和聚醚多元醇为原料,优选发泡剂,加入改性超细煤粉作为填充剂,制备出硬质聚氨酯泡沫材料。通过测试煤粉填充聚氨酯泡沫材料的表观密度、回弹率、压缩强度和氧指数进行分析。结果表明,发泡剂H用量0.1 g时制备的聚氨酯泡沫压缩强度、回弹率较好;加入KH550和KH560改性的超细煤粉,随着煤粉用量增加,聚氨酯泡沫的压缩强度、氧指数得到明显改善。当KH560改性煤粉用量为15份时,聚氨酯性能最优,压缩强度达到0.40MPa,氧指数达到21%,回弹率为5.4%,密度为0.064 g/cm~3。     

聚氨酯／硅藻土泡沫复合材料的阻燃性能研究

以聚醚多元醇、聚酯多元醇、多异氰酸酯PAPI、阻燃剂TCPP和DMMP、硅藻土微粉等为原料,制备了硬质聚氨酯泡沫/硅藻土复合材料。研究了硅藻土和阻燃剂用量对复合材料性能的影响。结果表明,硅藻土用量增加,泡沫的密度和压缩强度增加,以低聚物多元醇总量100份、PAPI100份计,硅藻土用量30份,泡沫密度48 kg/m3,压缩强度192 kPa;阻燃剂TCPP和DMMP单用均可提升复合材料的热稳定性和阻燃性,但两种阻燃剂复配使用效果更好,当TCPP和DMMP按10份和30份复配时,得到的复合材料氧指数最高,达30. 5。     

难燃聚氨酯软质泡沫的制备及性能研究

用新型难燃接枝聚合物聚醚多元醇和聚醚多元醇3050的混合物与甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)自由发泡反应，制备了阻燃型聚氨酯软质泡沫。讨论了难燃接枝聚合物聚醚多元醇的用量对聚氨酯软质泡沫密度、氧指数和力学性能的影响。结果表明，随着难燃聚醚用量的增加，聚氨酯软质泡沫的阻燃性能提高，力学性能也有显著提高，泡沫体的密度降低。     

苯酐聚酯多元醇聚氨酯硬泡的阻燃性研究

以国产苯酐聚酯多元醇为主要原料制备了组合聚醚,再与多异氰酸酯反应,制备了阻燃型聚氨酯硬质泡沫。讨论了苯酐聚酯多元醇、硅油及发泡剂等因素对泡沫阻燃性的影响。结果表明,该组合聚醚与多异氰酸酯反应,制得的阻燃型聚氨酯硬质泡沫,其氧指数在28以上,压缩强度为300kPa,达到了国家标准GB／T8624-1997中B2级氧指数的要求。     

结构型含磷氮元素阻燃聚氨酯软质泡沫塑料的研制

以嘧胺、甲醛、三氯氧磷和氧化乙烯类化合物为主要原料,合成出含有三嗪环和环状磷酸酯结构的新型阻燃聚醚多元醇,ＩＲ 谱图证实了其结构。用此阻燃聚醚多元醇与ＴＤＩ通过一步法发泡工艺制成,分子结构型阻燃聚氨酯泡沫塑料,对其配方及性能进行了测试研究,最大极限氧指数达２９．３ ,拉伸强度０．５６ＭＰａ ,伸长率１５８ ％ ,密度３５ｋｇ／ｍ２ ,该软泡沫塑料避免了添加型阻燃软泡沫塑料存在的稳定性差,阻燃剂分布不均等弊病,而且发泡工艺简单,设备投资少,易于操作管理。     

新型阻燃聚醚多元醇的合成研究

以 3 (2 ,4 ,6 三溴苯氧基 )环氧丙烷为阻燃单体 ,N ,N 二 (2 羟基乙基 ) 2 ,4 ,6 三溴苯胺为起始剂 ,合成了具有阻燃特性的聚醚多元醇。着重考察了反应物料比、投料方式、反应时间等因素对阻燃聚醚多元醇物理性质及收率的影响。应用试验结果表明 :适合制造软泡材料的阻燃聚醚多元醇原料配方是 :起始剂 /环氧丙烷/ 3 (2 ,4 ,6 三溴苯氧基 )环氧丙烷物质的量比为 0 18/ 3/ 1。当阻燃聚醚多元醇质量分数为 19%的国产 2 5 # 软质聚氨酯泡沫 ,氧指数达 2 7 1,其它物理特性也满足了GB/T 2 4 0 6 - 1993的要求。     

铝/磷/氮三元体系阻燃PU硬泡的制备与性能研究

以氢氧化铝、三聚氰胺和聚磷酸铵为阻燃剂制备了阻燃聚氨酯硬质泡沫,研究了添加氢氧化铝前后阻燃剂用量对聚氨酯(PU)硬泡的阻燃性能和力学性能的影响。结果表明,铝/磷/氮复配阻燃体系的阻燃效果优于磷/氮阻燃体系,阻燃剂总添加量达30份时,PU硬泡同时具备较好的阻燃性能和力学性能,氧指数为32,烟密度为74,平均燃烧时间为31 s,其压缩强度和拉伸强度分别为6.52 MPa和6.16 MPa。     

氯代聚醚多元醇与亚膦酸二甲酯钠盐反应的研究

研究了侧链含有氯甲基的高活性氯代聚醚多元醇(CHIROL)与亚膦酸二甲酯钠盐反应.合成高活性阻燃聚醚多元醇(HIROL)的方法。考察了微波技术、反应物料比、催化剂以及溶剂等主要条件对亲核取代反应和产物收率的影响。结果表明.当含磷量达到1.41％～6.73％时HIROL为透明的琥珀色液体,黏度为0.359～0.668Pa·s。     

聚脲多元醇对聚氨酯泡沫阻燃性的影响

使用含氮结构型阻燃聚脲多元醇和阻燃剂对聚氨酯高回弹泡沫的阻燃性进行研究,考察了配方中聚脲多元醇用量及阻燃剂品种对泡沫烟密度及氧指数的影响。研究结果表明,聚脲多元醇具有显著的抑烟作用,与三聚氰胺、阻燃剂R一起使用时,协同阻燃效应明显,不仅能有效降低泡沫燃烧时的发烟量,还能显著提高泡沫的氧指数。     

A flame‐retardant composite foam: foaming polyurethane in melamine formaldehyde foam skeleton

A composite foam, polyurethane–melamine formaldehyde (PU/MF) foam, was prepared through foaming PU resins in the three‐dimensional netlike skeleton of MF foam. The chemical structure, morphology, cell size and distribution, flame retardancy, thermal properties and mechanical properties of such composite foam were systematically investigated. It was found that the PU/MF foam possessed better fire retardancy than pristine PU foam and achieved self‐extinguishment. Moreover, no melt dripping occurred due to the contribution of the carbonized MF skeleton network. In order to further improve the flame retardancy of the composite foam, a small amount of a phosphorus flame retardant (ammonium polyphosphate) and a char‐forming agent (pentaerythritol) were incorporated into the foam, together with the nitrogen‐rich MF, thus constituting an intumescent flame‐retardant (IFR) system. Owing to the IFR system, the flame‐retardant PU/MF foam can generate a large bulk of expanded char acting as an efficient shielding layer to hold back the diffusion of heat and oxygen. As a result, the flame‐retardant PU/MF foam achieved a higher limiting oxygen index of 31.2% and exhibited immediate self‐extinguishment. It exhibited significantly reduced peak heat release rate and total heat release, as well as higher char residual ratio compared to PU foam. Furthermore, the composite foam also showed obviously improved mechanical performance in comparison with PU foam. Overall, the present investigation provided a new approach for fabricating a polymer composite foam with satisfactory flame retardancy and good comprehensive properties. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry     

Effect of flame-retardant melamine and dispersants on the mechanical,thermal, and foaming properties of flexible polyurethane foam

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of adding flame-retardant melamine and five different dispersants on the precipitation, foaming, mechanical, and thermal properties of flexible polyurethane foam (FPUF). Precipitation experiments were conducted to analyze the effect of dispersant on the separation of flame retardant and polyol, and the foaming characteristics of polyurethane (PU) foam after adding dispersant were analyzed. The effect of adding a dispersant on mechanical strength was characterized by measuring tensile strength, tearing strength, and hardness, and scanning electron microscopy analysis was performed to analyze morphological characteristics. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was performed to analyze the thermal properties of PU foam. A horizontal flame test, limiting oxygen index test, and cone calorimeter tests were conducted to examine the flame retardancy of PU foam with flame retardant melamine and dispersant added. The dispersant ANTI-TERRA-U is a solution of a salt of unsaturated polyamine amides and low-molecular acidic polyesters. And, the dispersant BYK-220S is a solution of a low molecular weight, unsaturated acidic polycarboxylic acid polyester with a polysiloxane copolymer. The dispersants ANTI-TERRA-U and BYK-220S improved the density, tensile strength, tear strength, and hardness of FPUF. TGA of the top and bottom portions of the foam showed less weight difference for samples containing dispersants, indicating better homogeneity due to improved dispersibility. Therefore, we conclude that dispersants are beneficial additives to improve the mechanical properties and dispersibility of PU foam.