AlPi对ABS无卤阻燃材料阻燃性能的影响

研究了次磷酸铝(Al Pi)对苯乙烯-丁二烯-丙烯腈三元共聚物(ABS)/聚酰胺(PA)6/苯乙烯-马来酸酐共聚物(SMA)/聚磷酸胺(APP)无卤阻燃材料阻燃性能的影响。采用极限氧指数仪和热重分析仪等研究了改性前后ABS无卤阻燃材料的阻燃性能。结果表明:Al Pi的加入改善了ABS/PA 6/SMA/APP无卤阻燃材料的燃烧性能。固定APP与Al Pi的总质量分数为20%,当m(APP)∶m(Al Pi)为17∶3时,改性ABS无卤阻燃材料的极限氧指数达30%,阻燃等级达到UL-94 V-0级,阻燃材料在700℃的残炭率为7.05%,而未加Al Pi的阻燃材料在700℃的残炭率仅为2.22%。     

粉煤灰/三氧化二锑对软质聚氯乙烯阻燃消烟作用研究

将粉煤灰(Flyash)、三氧化二锑(Sb₂O₃)复合阻燃剂加入软质聚氯乙烯(PVC),制备PVC/Sb₂O₃/Flyash复合材料。通过氧指数(LOI)、TG、锥形量热、SEM等测试,探究Flyash和Sb₂O₃的协同效应,对PVC阻燃抑烟性能的影响。结果表明:当m(PVC)∶m(Sb₂O₃)∶m(Flyash)=100∶4∶3,PVC/Sb₂O₃/Flyash具有较好的阻燃抑烟性能,其LOI可达到33.9%。PVC/Sb₂O₃/Flyash的阻燃抑烟性比PVC/Sb₂O₃和PVC好。PVC/Sb₂O₃/Flyash的热释放速率降低、热稳定性增强,成炭率更高。PVC/Sb₂O₃/Flyash难点燃,火灾性能指数(FPI)大,火灾蔓延指数(FGI)小,降低火灾危险性,阻燃性能优异。     

膨胀型无卤阻燃ABS的制备及性能研究

采用聚磷酸铵与季戊四醇组成的膨胀型阻燃剂(IFR)制备了膨胀型无卤阻燃ABS材料。研究了IFR对ABS炭化行为、微观结构、阻燃性能、力学性能及加工性能的影响。TG分析显示,IFR的加入使材料的残炭量显著增加,650℃时ABS的残炭量由不加入IFR时的1.9%增至21.32%;SEM观察发现,经IFR阻燃的ABS材料燃烧时形成了由无数封闭孔洞构成的蓬松焦化炭层,表明IFR对ABS材料具有良好的膨胀阻燃效果。在ABS/IFR(70/30)体系中加入适量的自制增容剂及有机蒙脱土制备的膨胀型无卤阻燃ABS材料具有较好的力学性能、加工性能及阻燃性能。     

高无机填料含量下PVC/ABS合金性能

通过挤出共混工艺,分别将3种无机填料,滑石粉(Talc)、碳酸钙(CaCO3)、凹凸棒土(Attap)加入到PVC/ABS合金中,制得了3种不同的PVC/ABS合金。研究在无机填料含量较高(60份)的情况下,ABS对PVC/ABS合金耐热性能、力学性能及加工性能的影响。结果发现:与未加无机填料的PVC/ABS合金相比,ABS对合金力学性能的影响不再明显,而维卡软化温度提高了很多;3种无机填料中,PVC/ABS/CaCO3合金综合性能最好,PVC/ABS/Talc合金其次,PVC/ABS/Attap合金最差,当PVC含量为100份,ABS含量为60份,CaCO3为60份时,所得PVC/ABS/CaCO3合金维卡软化温度和冲击强度分别为97.4℃、10.79 kJ/m2,与纯PVC相比分别提高了约13℃和6.79 kJ/m2。     

无卤阻燃抑烟ABS的制备及性能

采用二乙基次膦酸铝(ADP)为主阻燃剂,蒙脱土改性的三聚氰胺氰尿酸盐(M-MCA)作为协效阻燃剂,对丙烯腈/丁二烯/苯乙烯树脂(ABS)塑料基体实现了良好的阻燃改性;在此基础上,进一步加入铝酸锌(ZA)与八钼酸蜜胺(MOM)组成的复合抑烟剂,其所制备的ABS复合材料不仅具有良好的阻燃性能,而且烟释放量显著降低,同时保持了良好的力学和加工性能。当各组份质量比为ABS∶ADP∶M-MCA∶MOM/ZA=75∶15∶10∶1/3时,其阻燃性能可通过垂直燃烧FV-0级,材料有焰燃烧时间为3 s,氧指数达32.9%;烟密度等级为47,烟释放总量为22.03 m2/m2;拉伸强度为31.97 MPa,冲击强度7.92 MPa,熔融指数4.9 g/10 min。     

ABS塑料阻燃改性研究

报道了PVC,PVC／Sb2O3,DBDPO/Sb2O3对ABS塑料的燃烧性能、力学性能和加工性能的影响规律。研究表明：DBDPO／Sb2O3复合阻燃剂对ABS阻燃效果最佳,PVC／Sb2O3次数次之,PVC只有在添加量较大时才显示良好的阻燃效果。     

阻燃抑烟PVC-U配方的研究

介绍了PVC热降解、燃烧成烟及抑烟的机制,分析了Al(OH)3、钼酸铵/Al(OH)3、硼酸锌/氧化锑对阻燃抑烟性能和力学性能的影响,结果表明:加入15份Al(OH)3即可使PVC-U垂直燃烧性达到FV-0级,再增加其用量,垂直燃烧性没有提高;当m(钼酸铵)∶m[Al(OH)3]=30∶70时,最大烟密度、烟密度等级和氧指数最好;m(硼酸锌)∶m(氧化锑)=50∶50时,其阻燃抑烟效果最好。     

PVC/ABS合金的研究

研究了聚氯乙烯/丙烯睛-丁二烯-苯乙烯三元共聚物(PVC/ABS)塑料合金的耐候性、ABS与PVC的相容性、力学性能和阻燃性能。试验结果表明,PVC的加入可有效提高ABS的耐候性,PVC/ABS合金体系在ABS与PVC不同比例时均有良好的相容性;在一定区域内合金体系力学性能会出现极大值,极值随ABS和PVC类型不同,出现位置亦不同;PVC的加入可明显提高ABS的极限氧指数(LOI),但要达到UL94V-0级阻燃性必须添加阻燃剂。     

膨胀阻燃剂APP对ABS树脂阻燃性能和力学性能的影响

研究了多聚磷酸铵(APP)、APP/PER(季戊四醇)复配比及其用量对丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯(ABS)的阻燃性能及力学性能的影响。同时也研究了增韧剂聚硅氧烷、甲基丙烯酸甲酯-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(MBS)的用量对阻燃ABS的阻燃性能及力学性能的影响。结果表明,APP与PER复配质量比为3∶1时协同阻燃效果较好,其填加量为30份以上时阻燃料ABS可达到UL94V-0级,阻燃剂的加入对其力学性能影响并不明显。聚硅氧烷和MBS加入后,冲击强度有一定程度的提高,但阻燃性能有了很大程度的下降。     

碳酸钙和滑石粉对PVC/ABS合金性能的研究

研究了无机填料粒状碳酸钙(CaCO3)和片状滑石粉(Talc)对聚氯乙烯(PVC)/丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(ABS)合金的力学性能、维卡软化温度和加工性能的影响,SEM观察PVC/ABS合金的冲击断面微观形貌和无机填料的分散情况。结果表明,CaCO3和Talc复配可以改善PVC/ABS合金的冲击性能和拉伸性能;Talc可以大幅度的提高PVC/ABS合金维卡软化温度;CaCO3和Talc复配不利于PVC/ABS合金维卡软化温度和加工性能的提高。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。