典型边界条件下加筋矩形板的横向振动特性分析

采用能量法研究典型边界条件下加筋矩形板的横向振动特性。将矩形板、加强筋沿交界面切开,分别采用薄板弯曲理论和欧拉梁理论建立其横向振动的总能量方程,利用第一类切比雪夫多项式构造矩形板的位移试函数,由Rayleigh-Ritz法得加筋矩形板的横向振动特征方程。数值计算结果表明,该方法收敛性好,与有限元软件ANSYS和已有文献的对比显示了高精度,并可以得到任意阶次的固有频率,具有计算简单的特点;最后分析了加强筋位置和加强筋高度对加筋方板无量纲自振频率的影响。     

加强筋截面类型对轨道车辆板件结构隔声影响研究

针对轨道车辆轻量化设计后可能带来的隔声性能降低问题,研究不同截面加强筋铺设对板件隔声性能的改善效果。基于混合有限元-统计能量分析(Hybrid FE-SEA)方法建立轨道车辆加筋板结构隔声特性预测分析模型,系统分析T型、L型、I型和矩形加强筋截面类型对板件隔声性能的影响。研究结果表明,加筋板的刚度和1阶固有频率皆比均质板大,且随加强筋厚度的增大而增大;当加强筋厚度恒定时,T型加筋板的刚度和1阶固有频率最大,L型加筋板次之;敷设厚度15 mm的加强筋,板件的隔声性能最佳;当加强筋的质量、厚度、腹板面积及尺寸、翼板面积相等时,各类型加筋板的计权隔声量Rw差异不大;板件加筋后,刚度控制区的隔声量增幅3 dB~17 dB,1 250 Hz~4 000 Hz中高频段的隔声量增幅1 d B~6 d B。综合分析可知,以计权隔声量为评价标准时,在加强筋质量、腹板面积、翼板面积及尺寸相等时,敷设厚度15 mm加强筋,板件的隔声性能最佳,Rw较均质板可提高1.4 dB~1.5 dB,而加强筋厚度恒定时,T型和L型加筋板的刚度又最佳。相关研究成果可为轨道车辆板件结构加筋优化提供设计参考。     

筋上有开口裂缝的加筋矩形板横向振动特性分析

利用能量法分析筋上含有开口裂缝的四边简支加筋矩形板的横向振动。将矩形板与加强筋沿交界面切开,再将加强筋沿裂缝分成多个子块,采用薄板弯曲和平面应力理论分别建立矩形板和各子块的横向振动能量方程,解决了传统分析方法需给定开裂处筋的弯曲刚度问题。采用第一类切比雪夫多项式构造矩形板和各子块的位移试函数,由Ritz法和板-筋界面变形连续条件得出含有开口裂缝的加筋矩形板的横向振动特征方程。计算结果与有限元分析结果吻合很好,详细分析了裂缝深度和裂缝位置对无量纲频率的影响。     

基于抗振动疲劳的薄板加筋设计分析

振动是航空薄板常见的载荷形式,通常采用加强筋来减小振动幅度,从而提高薄板寿命.研究薄板的抗振动疲劳加筋方法,探讨加强筋与板的连接方式以及加强筋的布置方向对薄板振动与疲劳的影响机制.首先,基于振动理论和板筋变形协调条件,建立加筋薄板的运动方程.然后,建立铆接、点焊和滚焊连接形式的加筋薄板有限元模型,探讨连接单元的动力学建模方法;在此基础上,研究连接形式和加筋安装方向对薄板结构动力学特性的影响;最后,结合动力响应分析探讨板筋连接方式和加筋安装方向对疲劳寿命的影响.研究结果表明,双向加筋薄板在低频振动时刚度高于单向加筋薄板,双向加筋有利于提高结构抗疲劳强度,铆接单向加筋薄板的振动疲劳寿命最短.     

多筋板振动特性的导纳法研究

了解结构内部的能量传递规律是研究复杂系统结构间能量传递的基础.研究了单加筋板和多加筋板的振动特性,结果表明:筋的存在改变了板振动能量对称分布的特性,加筋处振动能量呈阶梯状衰减,加强筋阻碍了振动能量的传播.     

加筋板机械导纳分频段计算方法

提出一种新的加筋板机械导纳分频段计算方法,该方法可给出加筋板机械导纳的显式表达。根据不同频段内加强筋对平板振动特性的影响规律,将加筋板在低频段、中频段和高频段分别等效为各向异性板、各向同性板以及无限大板,从而获得加筋板分频段机械导纳显式表达式。以模态叠加法计算结果作为参照,对分频段方法获得的加筋板机械导纳结果进行比较检验;并进一步以L型加筋板为分析对象,对比分频段方法与有限元方法,计算结果显示:分频段计算方法所得结果与模态叠加法和有限元法计算结果虽然略有差别,但对于工程计算,其精度令人满意。分频段方法比模态叠加法和有限元法更为简洁快速,且具有频段划分清晰、可保留结构中低频段模态信息等优点,为后续简化分析更为复杂的加筋耦合结构振动特性提供了新途径。     

连接界面不定性对于加筋板结构振动能量传递特性的影响分析

加筋板结构有着极为广泛的工程应用,准确预测振动能量(结构声)在加筋板中的传递特性是对于工程结构进行有效、合理声学设计的一个极为重要的环节。本文以板-筋-板组合系统为研究对象,将加强筋视为板件结构的中间连接件,通过仿真分析计算,研究了加筋板的参数不确定性对筋板组合系统的功率流传递特性影响。考虑到加强筋与所连接板件通常具有较大的动态特性差异,仿真模拟以中频混合分析法(Hybrid FE-SEA method)为主。研究表明:在长短波并存的中频域,加筋板中的结构声传递特性受加强筋刚度和边界条件变化的影响较大,而受其材料属性和连接自由度数量变化的影响较小。     

周期加筋板中的弯曲波传播

本文采用波动分析法分析了周期加筋板中的弯曲波传播，推导了周期加筋板的波传播方程，分析了振动频率和平面弯曲波入射角对传播常数的影响。研究表明：平面弯工波以某一角度入射周期加筋板时，随着频率的变化，会交错的出现弯曲波传递的穿透频段和阻塞频段；周期加筋板没有明显的穿透频段。本文的研究为周期加筋板应用于结构声传递途径的控制提供了理论基础。     

基于板梁组合理论的正交加筋板声振特性分析

基于板梁组合理论,建立了正交加筋板声透射计算模型,并分析了正交加筋板的声振特性.将加强筋视为平板的动反力及动反力矩,引入到平板振动方程,得到了正交加筋板声振方程;利用空间谐波展开法及虚功原理,得到了正交加筋板透射损失和平均振动速度级表达式.在此基础上,首先研究了单向加筋板的隔声性能,理论结果与已有计算结果取得了很好的一致,验证了模型的有效性;并进一步研究了正交加筋的声振特性.研究表明,正交加筋板对垂直入射声波的隔声效果最好;增大加强筋惯性矩可提高其低频段透射损失;增大加强筋间距可提高正交加筋板的低频段振动响应,却降低了其低频透射损失,总体而言,增大加强筋间距可改善结构的整体隔声性能.     

双向正交加筋板声振响应解析方法研究

提出双向正交加筋板声振响应的一种解析计算方法。使用两种连续性条件,建立双向正交加筋板的耦合振动方程。利用二维傅里叶级数作为双向正交加筋板振动位移表达式,将双向正交加筋板振动微分方程化为线性方程组,求解获得双向正交加筋板的模态特性以及加筋板稳态声振响应,并通过了现有文献数据和有限元方法的验证。通过进一步的参数分析,研究加强筋在板上的排布方式对加筋板声振特性的影响。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from