1 015~1 046 nm可调谐飞秒掺镱光纤激光器

近年来,超快掺镱锁模光纤激光器由于其转换效率高、操作方便、免维护、尺寸紧凑等优点,被广泛应用于工业加工、医疗外科、多光子成像等领域。在激光器中补偿群速度色散是获得皮秒甚至飞秒脉冲的有效方法。通过利用光栅对与光谱滤波器,实现了对激光波长、腔内色散和光谱宽度的灵活调节。该激光器能输出稳定的锁模脉冲,对应的基本重复频率为19.41 MHz。在+ 0.0127 ps2色散时中心波长1015~1037 nm可调;在+0.007 ps2色散时中心波长1015~1045 nm可调以及在?0.0127 ps2色散时中心波长1020~1046 nm可调。同时,当净腔色散从反常色散到近零色散变化时,光谱带宽可从1.40 nm调到19.38 nm,对应的压缩后脉冲宽度可从1.03 ps调至175.9 fs。该方案具备连续调整激光器状态的能力,有望用于高功率大能量飞秒激光前端,可以满足对激光器有多种谱宽及波长的应用需求。     

Spinal Cord Injury Detection and Monitoring Using Spectral Coherence

In this paper, spectral coherence (SC) is used to study the somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) signals in rodent model before and after spinal cord injury (SCI). The SC technique is complemented with the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) behavior analysis method to help us assess the status of the motor recovery. SC can be used to follow the effects of SCI without any preinjury baseline information. In this study, adult female Fischer rats received contusion injury at T8 level with varying impact heights using the standard New York University impactor. The results show that the average SC between forelimb and hindlimb SEP signals before injury was relatively high ( ges0.7). Following injury, the SC between the forelimb and hindlimb SEP signals dropped to various levels (les0.7) corresponding to the severity of SCI. The SC analysis gave normalized quantifiable results for the evaluation of SCI and recovery thereafter using the forelimb signals as an effective control, without the need of any baseline data. This technique solves the problems associated with the commonly used time-domain analysis like the need of a trained neurophysiologist to interpret the data and the need for baseline data. We believe that both SC and BBB may provide a comprehensive and complementary picture of the health status of the spinal cord after injury. The presented method is applicable to SCIs not affecting the forelimb SEP signals.     

数字微镜Hadamard变换光谱仪光谱反演矩阵标定及实验

国内外对DMD空间光调制的Hadamard变换成像光谱仪做了大量的理论研究和实验验证,但这项技术的研究还不够成熟,很多问题需要进一步的研究。在这种光谱仪中每个像素点色散光谱的编码矩阵互不相同。通过比较激光编码图像灰度值的变化并结合S矩阵元素的变化规律,提出了一种光谱反演矩阵的标定方法。以七阶左移循环S矩阵为例设计编码模板,通过两组成像实验对光谱反演结果进行了验证。在第一组实验中,将一束激光波长为632.8 nm激光导入光谱仪中,光谱仪的光谱响应范围为550~680 nm,632.8 nm在第五个波段范围626~644 nm之内理论上只有波段范围为626~644 nm的第五幅光谱图像是明亮的,其余的图像没有能量分布,实际的实验结果与理论上的分析相吻合。在第二组实验中,让光谱仪对一个彩色蝴蝶模型进行成像,在反演后得到的光谱图像上提取两个测试点的光谱曲线,与用辐射度计提取的光谱特性曲线进行对比分析,实验结果表明反演所得的光谱曲线与辐射度提取的光谱特性曲线基本一致。两组光谱反演的实验结果验证了所提出的光谱反演矩阵标定方法的有效性。     

Nonlinear propagation and self-switching of ultrashort opticalpulses in fiber nonlinear directional couplers: the normal dispersionregime

The propagation of short optical pulses in a nonlinear directional coupler operating in the normal dispersion regime is investigated. The specific example of a birefringent periodically rocked fiber filter where coupling occurs between the two orthogonally polarized modes that are aligned with the birefringence axes of the fiber is considered. In the simulations, a bell-shaped input pulse is injected into one polarization mode: for different input peak powers, the energy present in the same mode at the output of a coupler, which is one or two coupling lengths long, is calculated. The nonlinear temporal broadening, due to the combined effect of group velocity dispersion and self-phase modulation, sets a fundamental lower limit to the time width of the input pulses. When pulses shorter than this critical value are used, the power-dependent energy switching characteristics of a device one coupling length long gets substantially spoiled. Effects related to the finite spectral bandwidth of the fiber filter are discussed. Numerical simulations are compared to recent experimental results on the self-switching of picosecond pulses in the visible (615 nm) with a birefringent rocking fiber     

双束型电子束-CO_2激光器及调谐选支研究

一、引言电子束控制放电的CO_2激光器有高的激光效率和比能输出.然而,由于电子束源本身要损耗电能,使该类器件的效率下降数倍.为了提高这类器件的效率,我们研制成功双束CO_2型电子束激光器(简称DBCO_2L),并进行了调谐选支试验.二、装置DBCO_2L装置示于图1,它是在原8升单束器件的基础上发展起来的,其主要结构参数列于表1.三、调谐实验结果     

随机森林结合直接正交信号校正的模型传递方法

为增强近红外光谱模型通用性,解决直接正交信号校正算法在光谱处理过程中可能出现过拟合、模型不稳定的现象,提出一种将随机森林与直接正交信号校正算法相结合的模型传递方法(Random Forest-Direct Orthogonal Signal Correction,RF-DOSC)。该方法首先利用随机森林算法进行近红外光谱波长点筛选,然后采用直接正交信号校正方法进行光谱处理并建立回归方程,由PLS计算回归系数求得模型传递矩阵。实验使用三台光谱仪(S,S1,S2)测得的玉米近红外光谱数据集建立传递模型,数据集1(D1)水分、油分、蛋白质、淀粉成分预测标准偏差(SEP)分别为0.1267、0.0982、0.1569和0.4051,数据集2(D2)四种成分的SEP分别为0.1548、0.0819、0.1366和0.3836,均小于传统方法。实验结果表明本文所提模型传递方法能有效消除光谱噪声,减小主仪器和从仪器光谱之间的差异,提高模型的稳定性和准确性,实现不同仪器之间模型的共享。     

周期性极化晶体的群速匹配飞秒脉冲光学参量放大

研究了周期性极化晶体非共线参量放大的群速匹配和群速色散.提出了估算光学参量放大(OPA)光谱带宽的一般性方法.光谱带宽由波矢失配中泰勒级数展开式的第一、第二项决定,当展开式中一级项为零时,三个非共线相互作用波是群速是匹配的,这时参量带宽由群速色散决定.选择合适的光栅周期,能获得调谐范围较宽的群速匹配脉冲参量放大,参量带宽与晶体长度、非共线角及群速色散有关.研究了增益带宽与晶体长度及抽运光强度的关系,也研究了离散角和有效非线性系数等.由于群速匹配,参量带宽很大,大大增加了最大有效长度和能量转换效率.     

Parametric modeling of somatosensory evoked potentials

In this paper, we examine methods of characterizing somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP's) in both the time and frequency domains. We have found that the truncated impulse response (TIR) method produced an accurate time domain model of the SEP signals at model orders greatly reduced from the original state space matrix. The TIR method was valuable for smoothing signals that were slightly corrupted by noise. In this case, the simulated data sequence was close to the original data sequence in the mean squared error sense. For signals that were greatly corrupted by noise, the TIR method was not able to perform as well. Therefore, the TIR method was not a feature extraction method but was valuable for data simulation. In the frequency domain, we have used the autoregressive moving average model (ARMA) to parameterize the SEP signal. An overdetermined set of Yule-Walker equations was created to determine the autoregressive (AR) parameters of the original data with the model order established by the singular value decomposition. From these AR parameters, a residual time series was generated which was used to find the moving average parameters. The resulting ARMA model was used to produce a simulated data sequence. The frequency domain characteristics of the simulated sequence and the corresponding power spectral density of the ARMA filter were very close to the periodogram of the original data sequence. Accurate parameterization was achieved for the SEP waveforms at low filter lengths.     

SEPFL routing protocol based on fuzzy logic control to extend the lifetime and throughput of the wireless sensor network

In this paper a new protocol using fuzzy logic control has been proposed. The protocol is based on Stable Election Protocol (SEP). Fuzzy logic control based on three variables, distance of nodes form base station, density of nodes and the battery level of nodes along with the traditional threshold values used in SEP are used to enhance the process of cluster head election in the existing SEP protocol and improve the lifetime and throughput of the Wireless Sensor Network. The result of the simulation which has been done in MATLAB simulator indicates that Stable Election Protocol based on fuzzy logic is more energy efficient and improves the lifetime and throughput of the network by 73.2 and 68.54 % respectively comparing with the existing SEP protocol.     

大数值孔径介质结构透镜

提出了一种新型大数值孔径介质结构透镜,能量利用率达到了44%。通过数值仿真FDTD计算证明该聚焦器件能实现高的能量利用率和接近衍射极限的聚焦光斑,且聚焦光斑的旁瓣很小。其次,对该透镜的色散性能进行了研究,发现该透镜具有与普通透镜相反的色散特性。故该透镜可以与普通透镜组合消色差。另外,该透镜克服了最小特征尺寸,实现了大数值孔径,针对波长10.6 m设计了相同口径、不同F数的介质结构透镜,最小F数达到了0.25。     

Effects of self-phase modulation on sub-500 fs pulse transmissionover dispersion compensated fiber links

The effects of nonlinearity on sub-500 fs pulse transmission over dispersion compensated fiber links using dispersion compensating fiber technique are investigated numerically and experimentally. The pulse broadening and recompression ratio of the 2.5-km transmission link is over 300. The postcompensated and precompensated links are compared when the input pulse energy ranges from 15 to 159 pJ. At high powers, self-phase modulation (SPM) degrades the pulse recompression process and provides an upper bound on the transmitted pulse energy. The SPM effect is stronger in the postcompensated link than in the precompensated link. A dramatic spectral narrowing effect was observed in the postcompensated link. Pulse energies up to tens of pJ, consistent with high quality communication, should be possible for a sub-500 fs pulse in such dispersion compensated links     

Simulation analysis and implementation of spectral dispersion system based on virtually imaged phased array

Virtually imaged phased array (VIPA) has the advantages of insensitive to polarization, simple structure and high in spectral resolution. Compared with commonly used dispersive devices, such as diffraction gratings or Fabry-Pérot (FP) interferometers, VIPA is self-aligned and has high transmission efficiency. In this paper, the dispersion mechanism of the VIPA is introduced in detail, the influence of incident angle and VIPA thickness on the dispersion performance near 532 nm is calculated and analyzed with MATLAB. According to the calculated results, the selected VIPA device has a thickness of 6 mm and an incident angle of 4°. The spectral dispersion system, in combination with corresponding optical devices, is designed and simulated with ZEMAX, then the experimental system was built. The spectral dispersion system based on VIPA, at a central wavelength of 532 nm, has the free spectral range of 15.08 GHz and the spectral resolution of 0.87 GHz. The system designed in this paper can be applied to high-resolution spectral detection such as Brillouin scattering, Raman scattering, laser fluorescence, laser-induced plasma and so on.     

不同剖面色散缓变光纤中调制不稳定性分析

研究了不同群色散剖面结构的色散缓变光纤中调制不稳定性增益谱。结果表明,各种群色散剖面光纤的增益谱宽并不相同,指数型光纤的增益谱宽与传输距离是一单调关系;线型、高斯型、对数型光纤的增益谱宽变化曲线都有一个谷底;双曲线型光纤情况较为特殊,它的增益谱宽先是展宽,然后又逐渐减小。并从调制不稳定性的角度解释了用色散缓变光纤实现脉冲压缩的机理。     

Quasi-transform-limited pulse transmission in dispersion managedsoliton system

A Gaussian pulse with frequency chirping is transmitted in a dispersion management (DM) soliton system. The existence of an initial chirping makes the pulsewidth and amplitude fluctuate over distance around their initial values, and increases the energy enhancement factor. The quasi-transform-limited pulse generated with spectral windowing is also propagated in the DM soliton system. With proper energy enhancement, the quasi-transform-limited pulse can propagate very stably, and the performance is better than that in a uniform low dispersion soliton system, which suggests that a DM system has more chirping and waveform tolerance in soliton sources than a uniform fiber system     

基于短时傅里叶变换分析超短光脉冲的传输特性

短时傅里叶变换可将1维时域或频率信号扩展到时间-频率的2维平面.为了研究了光纤中的色散效应与脉冲的初始啁啾对信号传输的影响,采用短时傅里叶变换理论进行了分析.与传统傅里叶变换相比,短时傅里叶变换可以更直观地描述光纤的色散效应与脉冲的初始啁啾如何影响信号的时域与频率的传输特性;此外,从短时傅里叶变换的时频分析图还可以很清晰地观察到在脉冲传输过程中,由色散效应与脉冲的初始啁啾所诱导的新的频率啁啾的演化规律.结果表明,短时傅里叶变换克服了传统的傅里叶变换法只能单独在频率或时域中比较信号的瞬态特性缺点,为分析光纤中脉冲信号的传输提供了一种新途径.     

Achromatic phase matching for second harmonic generation offemtosecond pulses

A scheme is proposed by which the phase matching bandwidth can be increased by adjusting higher-order terms in frequency shift in the phase-matching condition. This is achieved by introducing a spectral angular dispersion so that the different spectral components propagate at their phase-matching angles. This is equivalent to canceling the group velocity mismatch. The equations describing the requirements on the angular dispersion are discussed and applied to the particular case of type I phase matching. A possible experimental setup is shown that would meet all the conditions required     

Wideband diversity in multipath channels with nonuniform power dispersion profiles

The focus of this paper is to derive the symbol error probability (SEP) of a Rake receiver with a limited number of fingers that track the strongest multipath components in a frequency-selective Rayleigh fading channel. We develop an analytical framework that allows the computation of the SEP for nonuniform power dispersion profiles (PDPs) and spreading bandwidth. By transforming the physical Rake receiver with correlated ordered paths into the domain of a 'virtual Rake" receiver with conditionally independent virtual paths, analytical expressions for the SEP are derived in terms of the spreading bandwidth, the channel profile, and the number of combined paths. We show how our analytical results can be used to predict the performance of various Rake architectures in environments with nonuniform PDPs using for example, the channel models defined for the next generation wireless standards. Furthermore, we validate our methodology by comparison to data obtained from channel measurements, showing good agreement with our analytically derived results.     

The near-surface current velocity determined from image sequencesof the sea surface

A method to measure the ocean's near-surface current velocity vector based on the analysis of remote sea-surface image sequences was developed. The spatial and temporal records were transformed to the wavenumber-frequency domain, resulting in a three-dimensional (3-D) image power spectrum. In the spectrum, the signal energy of the waves is localized on a shell defined by the dispersion relation of surface waves. The sum of the sensor's velocity and the near-surface current profile deforms the dispersion shell due to the Doppler-frequency shift. An iterative least-squares fitting technique and an error-estimation model was implemented. To improve the method's accuracy, spectral wave energy found in higher harmonics of the dispersion shell and aliasing effects are taken into account. The most important nonlinear mechanism leading to higher harmonics is explained as resulting from wave shadowing due to the low grazing angles typical for ground- or ship-based radars. The improved method is examined analytically and is tested with Monte Carlo simulations. The variation of the shape of the measured or simulated 3-D image spectra, especially the peak wavenumber, the directional spread, and the main travel direction, controls the behavior and accuracy of the technique. A comparison of velocities acquired by nautical radar and independent Doppler log current measurements is presented. The technique's accuracy, its limits, and its adaptability are discussed. Additional improvements are proposed     

移动协助传感器网络中Sink的路径优化策略

在无线传感器网络中引入移动Sink来解决。静态无线传感器网络(所有节点均为静止)存在的能量空洞、冗余覆盖和热点等问题。传感器节点将数据发送给汇聚节点(CP,collection point),移动Sink访问CP节点收集数据。提出了一种最短移动距离最小能耗的路径优化模型(MEMD)。证明了该模型是一个NP-hard问题,给出了一种基于效用的贪心启发式方法用于确定最佳的CP节点队列。为了在规定的最大传输延时的范围内访问尽可能多的CP节点,提出了一种基于CP节点访问概率的路径选择算法。通过模拟实验以及实验床的真实数据,提出的算法能很好地在满足延时要求的同时节约网络的能量。     

Matrix formalism for dispersive laser cavities

A matrix formalism for dispersive optical elements is applied to the study of laser cavities with dispersive elements such as gratings or prisms. The formalism consists of 3×3 matrices describing each element with complex coefficients to account for loss or gain. It is shown how to determine the frequency dependence of the beam center, propagation angle, gain, and transit time delay. In this manner, the linewidth selectivity, cavity group velocity dispersion, output spectral angular dispersion, and transverse walkoff of any arbitrary design can be determined