Stator winding turn-fault detection for closed-loop induction motor drives

Sensorless diagnostics for line-connected machines is based on extracting fault signatures from the spectrum of the line currents. However, for closed-loop drives, the power supply is a regulated current source and, hence, the motor voltages must also be monitored for fault information. In this paper, a previously proposed neural network scheme for turn-fault detection in line-connected induction machines is extended to inverter-fed machines, with special emphasis on closed-loop drives. Experimental results are provided to illustrate that the method is impervious to machine and instrumentation nonidealities, and that it requires lesser data memory and computation requirements than existing schemes, which are based on data lookup tables.     

感应电机Super-twisting算法定子磁链观测器设计

为了提高感应电机定子磁链的观测精确度,提出了一种基于Super-twisting算法的磁链观测方法,设计了定子磁链观测器,并应用到感应电机直接转矩控制中。依据滑模变结构控制的鲁棒性特点来抑制多输入多输出定子磁链观测器系统中的扰动。利用Super-twisting算法所需信息少的优点,设计了简单的控制律,从而更适合于实际工程应用。在对观测器稳定性进行分析时,将转速和耦合量看作扰动来处理,并给出了系统一致渐近稳定的充分条件。与常规电压模型法相比,基于Super-twisting算法的定子磁链估算值更加准确,且对电机定子电阻参数变化具有更强的鲁棒性。仿真和实验结果验证了该方法的有效性。     

一种感应电机磁链观测器的稳定性研究及改进

基于电压电流模型的闭环磁链观测器在无速度传感器感应电机矢量控制中获得了良好的控制性能,且具有较小的参数敏感性,但在低速发电模式下存在部分不稳定区域,导致电机在该区域不能正常运行.根据对该闭环磁链观测器稳定性分析及其对应不稳定区域条件,本文提出了一种改进方法使之能够在在低速发电模式下稳定运行.仿真和实验都证明了该改进方法的有效性和实用性.     

Design of a new adaptive sliding mode observer for sensorless induction motor drive

This paper proposes a new speed and flux estimation method which has the robustness against the variation of the electrical parameters of the motor and the superiority in the dynamic characteristics. In the proposed method, the stator currents and the rotor fluxes are observed on the stationary reference frame using the sliding mode concept. And the rotor speed is estimated using the current estimation errors and the observed rotor fluxes based on the Lyapunov stability theory. Also a design method of the observer gain using H₈ norm is proposed to minimize the effect of the speed estimation error on the rotor flux observation. The experimental results are shown to verify that the proposed method shows the excellent performances under the variations of motor resistance and inductance.     

Two-phase induction motor drives

This article starts with a presentation of the mathematical model for an asymmetrical two-phase induction motor drives (TPIM). This is followed by an analysis of TPIM behavior under variable frequency supply, with the running capacitor placed or removed from the circuit. This article attempts mainly to investigate the reasons for the lack of variable-speed drives. Consequently, the aptitude of the TPIMs for operating at variable speed is to be estimated and the suitable power electronic topologies identified. The most common form of a typical two-phase machine is the permanent split-capacitor motor (PSCM), usually recognized as the single-phase induction machine.     

A novel neural network controller and its efficient DSP implementation for vector-controlled induction motor drives

An artificial neural network controller is experimentally implemented on the Texas Instruments TMS320C30 digital signal processor (DSP). The controller emulates indirect field-oriented control for an induction motor, generating direct and quadrature current command signals in the stationary frame. In this way, the neural network performs the critical functions of slip estimation and matrix rotation internally. There are five input signals to the neural network controller, namely, a shaft speed signal, the synchronous frame present and delayed values of the quadrature axis stator current, as well as two neural network output signals fed back after a delay of one sample period. The proposed three-layer neural network controller contains only 17 neurons in an attempt to minimize computational requirements of the digital signal processor. This allows DSP resources to be used for other control purposes and system functions. For experimental investigation, a sampling period of 1 ms is employed. Operating at 33.3 MHz (16.7 MIPS), the digital signal processor is able to perform all neural network calculations in a total time of only 280 /spl mu/s or only 4700 machine instructions. Torque pulsations are initially observed, but are reduced by iterative re-training of the neural network using experimental data. The resulting motor speed step response (for several forward and reverse step commands) quickly tracks the expected response, with negligible error under steady-state conditions.     

Performance evaluation of a velocity observer for accurate velocityestimation of servo motor drives

Because each of the position transducers commonly used in industry, i.e., encoders and resolvers, do not inherently measure an instantaneous velocity, some signal processing technique is generally required to improve the accuracy of velocity estimation at each sampling instant. This estimated signal is then used as the velocity feedback signal for the velocity loop control. The differential position technique commonly used in industry for velocity estimation suffers from a large quantization error and, therefore, limits the servo control loop bandwidth. This paper presents both the theoretical analysis and experimental verification of a scheme that uses a closed-loop observer for velocity estimation. The results have shown that the quantization error in the velocity feedback signal can be reduced dramatically when a closed-loop observer is used for velocity estimation. The results also shown that, at low speed, the velocity estimation could be improved with a simple compensation scheme     

Five-level double converters for induction motor drives

In this article, a PWM control strategy for a three-phase, five-level double converter system is proposed. The proposed method is able to correct the five-level DC potentials, maintain the input power factor at near unity, and achieve adjustable-speed drive. Simulation and experimental results verified the validity of the control strategy. However, large voltage ripples were observed in the experimental results. Further study is needed to develop a control method that can reduce voltage ripples at the DC link capacitors as well as the harmonic distortions of the input and output waveforms     

Application of a sliding-mode observer for position and speedestimation in switched reluctance motor drives

A sliding-mode observer is applied toward the operation of a switched reluctance motor (SRM) drive. The sliding-mode observer estimates rotor position and velocity to control the conduction angles of the machine. Conventional on-off control with hysteresis current control is included with the position estimation scheme. The particular case of an automotive brake system motor is considered in detail where the conduction angles are modified with velocity feedback to provide optimum time response to brake system commands. Nonlinear modeling of a SRM is described and a computer simulation is developed based on data from an experimental SRM system. The sliding-mode observer is implemented with fixed-point and floating-point digital signal processors (DSPs) and the discrete-time implementations first examined under locked-rotor conditions. A comparison is also made between the implementation in two different types of DSPs. After confirming the accuracy of the computer simulation with experimental data, the design considerations in selecting observer coefficients with regard to sampling time, convergence rate, and transient stability are discussed. In conclusion, the effects of flux estimation errors on the system time response during a startup transient are examined     

Implementation of a closed loop sliding mode observer for speed sensorless control of an indirect field oriented induction motor drives

A new sliding mode flux and speed observer is proposed for indirect field oriented induction motor drive system. The error between the actual and observed currents converges to zero, which guarantees the accuracy of the flux observer. The rotor speed and the rotor time constant are estimated based on the estimated stator currents and rotor flux. The estimated rotor time constant is used in slip calculation and observer structures. The estimated speed is used as feedback to the speed regulation. Simulation and experimental results of the speed control verify the validity of the proposed speed estimation algorithm.     

A hybrid solution for load-commutated-inverter-fed induction motor drives

A novel, hybrid solution employing a combination of a load-commutated inverter (LCI) and a voltage-source inverter (VSI) is proposed for induction motor drives. By avoiding the use of output capacitors and a forced dc-commutation circuit, this solution can eliminate all disadvantages related with these circuits in the conventional LCI-based induction motor drives. In addition, improved quality of output current waveforms and faster dynamic response can be achieved. The proposed hybrid scheme features the following tasks: 1) the safe commutation angle for the LCI, controlled by the VSI in the entire speed region of the induction motor and 2) a dc-link current control loop to ensure minimum VSI rating. Advantages of the proposed solution over the conventional LCI-based induction motor drives include the following: 1) sinusoidal motor phase current and voltage based on the instantaneous motor speed control; 2) fast dynamic response by the VSI operation; and 3) elimination of motor circuit resonance and motor torque pulsation. The feasibility of the proposed hybrid circuit for the high-power drive system is verified by computer simulation for a 500-hp induction motor. Experimental results to support the use of the proposed system are also included for a 1-hp induction motor laboratory setup.     

Five-level GTO inverters for large induction motor drives

The development of large induction motor drives with low torque ripple and fast dynamic response for new or retrofit applications has been limited by the device ratings and problems of series connections. This paper investigates the use of a five-level GTO voltage-sourced inverter for large induction motor drives. The advantages of such a drive are that single GTO thyristors may be used at each level, thereby avoiding the need for series connection of the thyristors. The thyristors are well protected from overvoltages by the clamping action of the DC supply capacitors. The disadvantages are that each DC level requires a separate supply, four in the case of the five-level inverter, and that the devices are not equally loaded. This paper reviews the basic operation of the five-level inverter and possible PWM voltage/frequency control techniques for the specific application of induction motor drives. The simulation results clearly show the unequal loading of the devices and the need for independent voltage supplies for the five levels. It is shown that a combination of several PWM techniques offers the best solution for the drives application. The conclusions indicate that large induction motors with ratings up to 22 MVA, 7.46 kV may be supplied by the five-level inverter using available 4.5 kV, 3.0 kA GTO thyristors. The recommended supply for such an inverter with full regenerative operation over the complete speed range is four, four-quadrant converters in a quasi-24-pulse configuration     

A robust sliding mode flux and speed observer for speed sensorless control of an indirect field oriented induction motor drives

In this paper a new sliding mode flux and speed observer is proposed for indirect field oriented induction motor drive system. The error between the actual and observed currents converges to zero, which guarantees the accuracy of the flux observer. The rotor speed and the rotor time constant are estimated based on the estimated stator currents and rotor flux. The estimated rotor time constant is used in slip calculation and observer structures and the estimated speed is used as feedback to the speed regulation. Computer simulation and experimental results of the speed control verify the validity of the proposed speed estimation algorithm. The experimental results show the robustness and performance of the proposed observer structure. Experimental results have been realized without load, with load and with external disturbances.     

Sensorless control of inverter-fed induction motor drives

Sensorless control is considered to be a lower cost alternative than the position or speed encoder-based control of induction motors. Two popular sensorless control methods, namely, the model reference adaptive system (MRAS) and the Luenberger observer (LO) methods are compared for speed and torque control characteristics. They are also compared against the well-known vector control principle. For the drive system simulated, the torque and speed obtained from sensorless control are almost identical to those obtained from the vector control method. However, the torque ripple for the sensorless methods is observed to be higher than vector control-based method. The MRAS method introduces higher torque ripple when compared to the Luenberger observer. In addition, speed estimation methods employed in sensorless control are more sensitive to motor parameter variations.     

一种新的异步电动机调速系统的混合控制方法

矢量控制(FOC)和直接转矩控制(DTC)是目前高性能异步电动机调速系统中的两种主要控制方法.研究和工程实践表明,这两种方法各有优缺点,国内外很多学者也提出了很多方案,试图改进和完善这两种控制方法.本文从全新的思路出发,尝试把这两种方法结合到一个控制系统中,取长补短,形成一种新的混合控制方法.该方法使用户可以根据实际运行的不同需要,在线灵活地切换到合适的控制方法(FOC或DTC),以提高控制性能.为了实现两种控制方法之间的平滑切换,本文把传统的PI控制器改造成可重置PI控制器.仿真和实验结果表明,这种可重置PI控制器可以有效减少FOC和DTC切换时造成的系统波动,同时能保持原有控制系统的性能,提高了本文提出的混合控制方法的实用价值.     

Digital field-oriented control for dual three-phase induction motor drives

A direct rotor-field-oriented control of a dual-three phase induction motor drive is described in this paper. The induction machine has two sets of stator three-phase windings spatially shifted by 30 electrical degrees. The stator windings are fed by a current-controlled pulsewidth-modulation (PWM) six-phase voltage-source inverter. Three key issues are discussed: (1) the machine dynamic model is based on the vector space decomposition theory; (2) the PWM strategy uses the double zero-sequence injection modulation technique which gives good results with low computational and hardware requirements; and (3) to eliminate the inherent asymmetries of the drive power section, a new current control scheme is proposed. Experimental results are presented for a 10-kW dual three-phase induction motor drive prototype.     

Decoupled direct control for PWM inverter-fed induction motor drives

A new direct torque and stator flux control method is presented for pulsewidth modulation (PWM) inverter-fed induction motors. This new strategy, called decoupled direct control (DDC), is based on a decoupling matrix that allows for the separate control of the stator flux and the torque. This method is compared to the well-known direct field-oriented control (FOC) and stator flux vector control (SFVC) methods. Two DDC-based methods are presented. The first determines the stator voltage vector such that the torque and the flux track their respective reference trajectories in one sampling time. The second sets separately the dynamic behavior of the torque and stator flux errors by the use of proportional-plus integral (PI)-type controllers. These methods take into account the full motor dynamics without the need of a coordinate transformation and reduce significantly computation requirements compared to FOC and SFVC. The two proposed strategies have been implemented experimentally and comparisons with FOC and SFVC were carried out. The obtained results show the effectiveness of the proposed PI-DDC strategy.     

The voltage-frequency relationship for inverter fed induction motor drives

Contents The voltage-frequency relationship and its influence on the losses in the inverter fed induction motor drive is investigated. It is found that the control condition yielding minimum losses very nearly coincides with the control condition requiring minimum motor current for a particular load and speed, and it is shown that there exists an optimum voltage vs torque relationship applicable to all frequencies.

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Der Spannungs-Frequenz-Zusammenhang für einen wechselrichtergespeisten Induktionsmotor-Antrieb

Übersicht Der Spannungs-Frequenz-Zusammenhang und sein Einfluß auf die Verluste eines wechselrichtergespeisten Induktionsmotor-Antriebs wird untersucht. Es wird gefunden, daß der Regelungszustand, der minimale Verluste ermöglicht, näherungsweise mit einem minimalen Effektivstrom für eine beliebige Last und Geschwindigkeit übereinstimmt. Es wird auch gezeigt, daß ein optimales Spannungs-Drehmoment-Verhältnis besteht, das für alle Frequenzen gilt.

     

感应电机无速度传感器控制自适应速度观测器

理论与实践证明自适应速度观测器是实现高性能的感应电动机无速度传感器控制系统的有效方法之一。由于该系统的非线性性质,在观测器设计以及系统应用中还有许多有待解决的问题。针对此类问题,从理论联系实际的角度,分析现有的电机磁链、速度观测器理论的要点及其成果,如建模的条件、自适应速度估计算法及其物理性质、系统稳定性分析、线性化方法、以及观测器参数的辨识等。同时,给出了实验结果、指出了这些内容中尚存的相关问题。