ICP—AES法测定合金中的杂质元素

研究了Ａｕ－Ｎｉ（Ｙ,Ｇｄ）,Ａｕ－Ｃｕ,Ａｕ－Ｎｉ－Ｃｕ,Ａｕ－Ｃｕ－Ｎｉ－Ｚｎ（Ｍｎ）合金中的杂质元素（Ｐｂ,Ｓｂ,Ｂｉ,Ａｓ,Ｓｎ,Ｆｅ,Ａｌ,Ｚｒ,Ｂｅ,Ｖ,Ｔｉ,Ｉｎ）用Ｙ作载体的共沉淀分离富集方法,富集物转成盐酸液后用ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ法测定,试液中共存元素间的干扰用等效浓度法校正,取试样１．２５克时分析范围０．０００４％～０．２０％,ＲＳＤ一般不超出±１０％。     

Cu基形状记忆合金的时效

对比研究了时效对亚共析Ｃｕ－１２．０Ａｌ－５．０Ｎｉ－２．０Ｍｎ－１．０Ｔｉ（ｗｔ．－％）合金与Ｃｕ－２０．０Ｚｎ－６．０Ａｌ－微量Ｂ（ｗｔ．－％）合金热稳定性的影响。结果表明，无论在母相状态或马氏体相状态，Ｃｕ－Ａｌ－Ｎｉ合金的时效热稳定性均远优于Ｃｕ－Ｚｎ－Ａｌ合金。Ｃｕ－Ａｌ－Ｎｉ合金母相状态时效伴随着ＤＯ＿３有序畴长大，基体中Ａｌ、Ｎｉ、Ｍｎ等元素贫化，导致Ｍ＿ｓ点升高，马氏体转变量降低。Ｃｕ－Ｚｎ－Ａｌ合金母相状态时效伴随贝氏体转变，引起基体富Ｚｎ富Ａｌ，导致Ｍ＿ｓ点下降，马氏体量降低。Ｃｕ－Ａｌ－Ｎｉ合金高的时效热稳定性可能来源于Ｎｉ对Ａｌ、Ｃｕ等原子扩散的阻碍作用。     

稀盐酸浸提海洋锰结核中有价金属

对在稀盐酸中以黄铁矿作还原剂的太平洋锰结核浸出过程进行了研究，探讨了黄铁矿与锰结核的质量比（Ｒ）、初始盐酸浓度、液固比（Ｌ／Ｓ）和浸出温度等诸因素对锰结核中有价金属元素Ｃｕ、Ｎｉ、Ｃｏ、Ｍｎ及Ｆｅ浸出的影响。结果表明，当Ｒ为０３，Ｃ初（ＨＣｌ）１５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ，Ｌ／Ｓ１０∶１，９０℃及浸提９０ｍｉｎ的情况下，Ｃｕ、Ｎｉ、Ｃｏ、Ｍｎ、Ｆｅ浸出率分别为９５７７％、９３８０％、９６８０％、８９０９％、４９０６％；而当Ｃ初（ＨＣｌ）为１０ｍｏｌ／Ｌ，其它条件相同，金属提取率分别为９１８４％、８９６０％、８６６７％、８０８３％、０６３％。锰结核原料中Ｓｉ、Ａｌ等杂质元素浸出后存留在浸出渣中。     

高纯钨中杂质元素的化学光谱法测定

采用以一定比例的ＨＮＯ３和ＨＣｌ为介质，使钨沉淀成钨酸与杂质分离，然后用碳粉吸附杂质再进行光谱测定的方法，对高纯钨（包括金属钨、三氧化钨、钨酸、钨酸铵）中１５个杂质元素Ｆｅ、Ｎｉ、Ｃｕ、Ｍｎ、Ａｌ、Ｖ、Ｃｒ、Ｃｏ、Ｃａ、Ｍｓ、Ｐｂ、Ｓｎ、Ｂｉ、Ｃｄ、Ｂｅ进行了测定，取得了理想的结果，测定下限可达（０．１～０．５）×１０（－６）。     

REBa_2Cu_3O_7的化学键性质和Mssbauer谱研究

利用电介质的平均能带模型计算了 ＲＥＢａ２Ｃｕ３Ｏ７（ＲＥ＝Ｅｕ,Ｙ）的化学键参数,得到 Ｃｕ（１）－Ｏ键的平均共价性为０．４１, Ｃｕ（２）－Ｏ 键的平均共价性为 ０．２８．应用由共价性和极化率定义的化学环境因子计算了５７Ｆｅ和１１９Ｓｎ在 ＲＥＢａ２Ｃｕ３Ｏ７中的 Ｍｏｓｓｂａｕｅｒ同质界能位移,确定了 ５７Ｆｅ在 ＥｕＢａ２Ｃｕ３Ｏ７和 １１９Ｓｎ在 ＹＢａ２Ｃｕ３Ｏ７中的价态和占位情况     

W、Nb对Fe76.5Cu1Si13.5B9非晶合金晶化行为的影响

用热分析法结合ＸＲＤ、ＴＥＭ研究了添加元素Ｗ、Ｎｂ对Ｆｅ７６．５Ｃｕ１Ｓｉ１３．５Ｂ９非晶合金晶化行为的影响。结果表明,Ｗ或Ｎｂ的加入都降低了Ｆｅ－Ｃｕ－Ｓｉ－Ｂ非晶合金反应的Ａｖｒａｍｉ指数ｎ;并且添加元素Ｎｂ更有利于该合金获得较小的ａ－Ｆｅ（Ｓｉ）晶粒。     

稀土元素在金属材料中的一些物理化学作用

针对不同金属溶液体系，采用了不同的实验方法，研究得到了铁液中Ｃｅ，Ｙ，Ｌａ，Ｎｄ，Ｓｍ分别与Ｓ，Ｏ，Ｓ＋Ｏ，Ｃ，Ｎ，Ｓｂ，Ｓｎ Ｐｂ，Ｐ，Ｃｕ，Ｔｉ，Ｎｂ，Ｖ溶质元素，镍液中Ｃｅ，Ｙ分别与Ｓ，Ｏ，Ｓ＋Ｏ溶质元素，铜液中Ｃｅ，Ｙ分别与Ｓ，Ｏ，Ｓ＋Ｏ，Ｓｎ，Ｚｎ，Ｐｂ，Ａｌ，Ｓｉ，Ｔｉ，Ｆｅ溶质元素，铝液中Ｃｅ分别与Ｍｇ，Ｔｉ，Ｍｎ，Ｚｎ，Ｆｅ，Ｓｎ，Ｐｂ，Ｎｉ，Ｃｕ，Ｓｉ，Ｓ溶质元素构成的６７个三元     

大块非晶和部分晶化的Nd—Fe—（Al,B）系合金的硬磁性能

块体非晶态合金可以分为非铁基和铁基两大类 ,如下表所列 ,能制取非晶态最大直径 >5ｍｍ的非铁基(有色金属 )合金系有Ｍｇ Ｌｎ (Ｎｉ,Ｃｕ) ,Ｌｎ Ａｌ (Ｎｉ,Ｃｕ) ,Ｚｒ Ａｌ (Ｎｉ,Ｃｕ) ,含有Ｔｉ、Ｎｂ、Ｔａ或Ｐｄ的Ｚｒ Ａｌ (Ｎｉ,Ｃｕ) ,还有Ｚｒ Ｔｉ Ｂｅ Ｎｉ Ｃｕ、Ｐｄ Ｃｕ Ｎｉ Ｐ、Ｐｄ Ｃｕ Ｆｅ Ｐ、Ｔｉ Ｎｉ Ｃｕ Ｓｎ、Ｃｕ Ｚｒ Ｔｉ Ｙ以及Ｃｕ Ｚｒ Ｔｉ Ｂｅ系。另外 ,可形成非晶态最大直径 >2ｍｍ的铁基和钴基合金系 ,主要有Ｆｅ (Ａｌ,Ｇａ) (Ｐ ,Ｃ ,Ｂ) ,含有Ｃｒ、Ｍｏ或Ｎｂ的Ｆｅ (Ａｌ,Ｇａ) (Ｐ ,Ｃ …     

溴化碲分光光度法测定钛铝合金中微量碲

溴化碲分光光度法应用于钛铝合金中微量碲的测定，取得了良好的效果。干扰试验表明，在所选定条件下，Ｚｎ，Ｍｎ，Ｍｇ，Ｐｂ，Ｍｏ，Ａｓ，Ｙ，Ｓｎ，Ｎｂ，Ｓｂ，Ｐ，Ｃｏ，Ｎｉ，Ｃａ，Ｓｉ，Ｃｄ，Ｂｉ，Ｃｅ，Ｚｒ，Ｗ，Ｖ各１ｍｇ，Ｃｕ，Ｃｒ各０．１ｍｇＦｅ为０．２ｍｇ，对１００μｇＴｅ的测定基本无干扰，ＴｉＡｌ基体的轻微干扰可以用同量的ＴｉＡｌ作参比而消除。分别对含Ｔｅ０．１００％和０．０２０％的两组合成试     

Al基和Fe基非晶合金热处理后的超细组织和力学性能

Ａｌ基和Ｆｅ基非晶合金热处理后的超细组织和力学性能用液体快淬法制作厚１８μｍ、宽０．５ｍｍ的Ｆｅ７３．５Ｃｕ１Ｎｂ３Ｓｉ１３．５Ｂ９（ａｔ％）及厚１６μｍ、宽０．５ｍｍ的Ａｌ９４．５Ｎｉ３．５Ｃｕ１．４Ｃｅ０．６（ａｔ％）非晶合金带。因两合金加热时都...     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。