纳米CaCO_3对PP/HDPE共混体系微孔发泡过程的影响

聚丙烯(PP)是结晶性聚合物,熔体强度低,发泡性能差。为了提高PP的微孔发泡性能,本文首先将PP与高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)共混,提高其熔体强度;然后在PP/HDPE共混体系中加入少量纳米CaCO3,研究CaCO3的含量对共混体系熔体强度及发泡材料泡孔结构的影响。研究结果表明,纳米CaCO3的加入使体系的熔体强度提高,且随着CaCO3含量的增加,泡孔尺寸减小,泡孔密度增加。然而,加入CaCO3以后,泡孔结构不是很规整,泡孔分布不均匀。     

超临界CO_2微孔发泡PE–LLD/PE–UHMW共混物

研究了线型低密度聚乙烯(PE–LLD)/超高分子量聚乙烯(PE–UHMW)共混物的超临界CO2微孔发泡行为,探讨了PE–UHMW含量、发泡温度和饱和压力对泡孔形貌的影响。采用差示扫描量热仪和旋转流变仪对PE–LLD及其共混物的热性质和流变性质进行了测试和表征,并通过扫描电子显微镜表征和分析了发泡样品的泡孔形貌。结果表明,少量PE–UHMW的加入可以显著降低PE–LLD发泡样品的孔径,增加孔密度。随着发泡温度的升高,PE–LLD样品的泡孔结构会发生塌陷现象,而加入少量PE–UHMW可以提高基体的黏度,起到支撑孔壁防止塌陷的作用,并最终得到均匀的开孔结构。另一方面,当温度一定时,饱和压力升高可以降低孔径并且得到开孔形貌的泡孔结构。     

聚丙烯/聚苯乙烯共混物超临界流体微孔发泡的研究

共混改性是改善聚丙烯(PP)发泡性能的一种有效方法.文章以PP/聚苯乙烯(PS)共混体系为研究对象,采用自制的高压釜装置进行发泡,并用扫描电镜观察发泡样品的泡孔结构.通过比较泡孔形态、泡孔密度和泡孔直径等,分析了PP/PS共混物组份比对泡孔结构的影响.结果显示:在PP中加入PS可以改善泡孔结构;随着PS含量的增加,泡孔平均直径逐渐增大,泡孔密度逐渐减小;PS分散相分布较均匀时,更有利于产生均匀分布的泡孔结构.     

成核剂CaCO_3对聚丙烯开孔发泡性能影响的研究

将高熔体强度聚丙烯(HMSPP)、线型低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)、成核剂CaCO3共混后在自制超临界CO2动态发泡模拟机上发泡制备了聚丙烯开孔泡沫材料,研究了CaCO3的粒径和含量对聚丙烯开孔发泡性能的影响。结果表明:2 500目CaCO3在HMSPP/LLDPE共混体系中的分散效果比5 000目CaCO3的好。添加2 500目和5 000目CaCO3后,发泡样品的发泡倍率减小,泡孔密度增大,泡孔直径减小,泡孔形貌变得规则,泡孔直径分布变窄,泡孔均匀性增加。添加3%的2 500目和5 000目CaCO3时发泡性能最好。在共混体系中添加成核剂CaCO3能够提高发泡样品的开孔性能。     

PCL/PLA共混材料的结晶行为及对微发泡的影响

基于单因素实验分析方法,研究了工艺参数对聚己内酯(PCL)/聚乳酸(PLA)共混材料结晶行为的影响,并通过间歇微发泡实验,研究结晶对共混材料微发泡行为的影响。结果表明,PCL/PLA共混材料的结晶度和晶体尺寸随着结晶温度及结晶时间的增加而增加;在PCL/PLA共混物微发泡过程中,晶粒能够诱导泡孔成核,且泡孔的长大过程受到晶体的限制,使得微发泡泡孔数目增多,泡孔密度增大,泡孔尺寸更为均匀,改善了PCL/PLA共混物的发泡性能。     

高压CO_2流体发泡制备微孔PVC/PUR–T泡沫材料

以聚氯乙烯(PVC)、热塑性聚氨酯弹性体(PUR–T)为原料,通过溶液共混方法,用四氢呋喃(THF)溶解混合物,浇涛在聚四氟乙烯模具中制得PVC/PUR–T共混材料,采用高压CO_2为发泡剂用间歇发泡法制备PVC/PUR–T发泡共混材料。通过对解吸附时间的测定,确定了饱和时间为24 h。通过改变饱和压力得到一系列不同体积膨胀倍率和泡孔大小的材料,随着PUR–T含量的增加,体积膨胀倍率呈下降的趋势;PUR–T含量为5%时,混合材料的泡孔密度最大,随后又会降低,同时随着饱和压力的提高,试样的泡孔密度随之变大。在对发泡样品进行力学性能测试时,发现加入5%的PUR–T对断裂伸长率影响不大,但随着PUR–T含量的增加,断裂伸长率增加;随着PUR–T含量的增加,发泡共混物的拉伸强度也增加,说明PUR–T的加入增强了体系的强度和韧性。     

PPS/PEEK共混物的超临界CO_2微孔发泡研究

以超临界CO2为物理发泡剂通过固态间歇发泡法制备了不同共混比例的聚苯硫醚/聚醚醚酮(PPS/PEEK)微孔材料。采用差示扫描量热法探讨了PPS/PEEK共混物的热性能,通过扫描电子显微镜观察分析了共混组成和饱和压力对微孔材料泡孔结构与分布的影响规律,并对微孔材料的冲击强度、介电常数和动态力学性能进行了研究。结果表明,共混使PPS相和PEEK相的结晶度增大,共混物中的气体饱和浓度随着PEEK组分含量的增加而增大。与纯PPS和PEEK相比,共混物中形成致密的多级泡孔结构。饱和压力越大则微孔材料的泡孔密度越大,且泡孔尺寸越小。微孔发泡使PPS/PEEK共混物的冲击强度增大,介电常数和储能模量降低。     

反式-1,4-聚异戊二烯与胶粉共混发泡的性能研究

实验对不同共混比的TPI/胶粉共混胶模压发泡,研究了胶粉的含量及胶粉改性方法对共混胶发泡的硫化特性、物理机械性能以及泡孔结构的影响。结果表明:随着胶粉含量的增加,材料的密度逐渐增大,胶粉用量为10份时,拉伸强度、撕裂强度、扯断伸长率三者有所升高,胶粉用量为20份时又略有下降;然后各物理机械性能值随胶粉用量增加呈递增趋势,胶粉用量为40份时,各值达到峰值。相比未改性及用活化剂450改性胶粉,用Si-69包覆改性的胶粉填充TPI基体发泡材料具有较好的拉伸、撕裂强度,试样的泡孔结构更加完整,无破裂和塌陷,泡孔孔径分布一致,泡孔致密均匀。     

生物可降解PCL/PLA开孔发泡材料制备及吸油性能

以聚己内酯(PCL)为基体,添加不同含量聚乳酸(PLA)熔融共混制备具有不同分散相形态的PCL/PLA共混物,利用超临界二氧化碳(scCO₂)微孔发泡工艺制备不同发泡倍率和开孔率的PCL/PLA多孔材料用于吸油应用。针对边长3 mm正方体样品溶解度实验发现100 min后CO₂在PCL中已达到饱和吸附状态。PLA分散相含量的增加显著增大了PCL/PLA共混物泡孔密度,并使共混泡孔尺寸减小且分布更加均匀;发泡温度升高6℃,泡孔尺寸增大50%,发泡倍率增大38%,开孔率减小了20%。PCL/PLA开孔材料具有明显的亲油疏水性,发泡倍率越高,疏水性越好;针对花生油和硅油的吸油实验发现材料吸油率与发泡倍率和开孔率整体呈正比,实际吸油量高于理论计算值,10次循环吸油测试后样品吸油率仅降低8.5%,材料吸油量与油品特性黏度关系不大。     

聚丙烯/废旧轮胎胶粉共混物的微孔发泡研究

采用超临界CO2为发泡剂,通过压力释放法对聚丙烯/废旧轮胎胶粉共混物的发泡性能进行研究。结果表明,加入胶粉严重破坏了聚丙烯均匀的泡孔结构,共混物发泡体具有独特的双孔结构;马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯/废旧轮胎胶粉共混物发泡体具有更加均匀一致的泡孔结构。     

Effect of molecular structure in branched polyethylene on adhesion properties with polypropylene

Adhesion properties between branched polyethylene (PE) and isotactic polypropylene (PP) were studied by a peel test and scanning electron microscopy. In this study, two types of branched PEs were used; one is a linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) and the other is a high pressure low density polyethylene (LDPE). The adhesive strength of the LLDPE/PP is much higher than that of LDPE/PP. Furthermore, the formation of PE influxes between PP spherulites has a small effect on the adhesion. The dynamic viscoelastic measurements for the binary blends composed of branched PE and PP were also carried out to estimate the interfacial tension by using a rheological emulsion model proposed by Palierne. The interfacial tension is 1.0 mN for LLDPE/PP and 2.1 mN for LDPE/PP, suggesting that the interfacial thickness of LLDPE/PP is about twice that of LDPE/PP. The adhesive strength between branched PE and PP will be determined by the interfacial thickness, which represents the entanglements between two polymers. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 70: 457–463, 1998     

小角激光散射法研究LLDPE/BR、LLDPE/PP的结晶

利用小角激光散射仪研究了LLDPE／顺丁橡胶（BR）、LLDPE／聚丙烯（PP）的结晶。结果表明，BR或PP的加入影响了LLDPE的结晶行为，改变了体系球晶的大小，且随着BR或PP用量的增加，体系的球晶逐渐增大；在较高结晶温度下，随着BR用量的增加，LLDPE／BR体系的结晶诱导期变化明显；而PP用量的改变对LLDPE／PP体系的结晶诱导期几乎没有影响，但LLDPE／PP体系对结晶温度敏感；LLDPE／BR体系和LLDPE／PP体系在等温结晶过程中的散射图形变化相似，且LLDPE与PP没有形成共晶现象。     

Effect of cross‐linked LLDPE/PP blend (LLDPE‐PP) as compatibilizer on morphology,crystallization behavior and mechanical property of LLDPE/PP blends

Moderate cross‐linked blend (LLDPE‐PP) of linear low‐density polyethylene (LLDPE) and polypropylene (PP) with benzoyl peroxide (BPO) were prepared by the reactive melt mixing in HAAKE mixer. Effect of LLDPE‐PP as compatibilizer on the morphology, crystallization behavior and mechanical properties of LLDPE/PP (87/13) blends were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), polarized optical microscopy (POM), wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and mechanical testing machines. The results showed that LLDPE‐PP not only improved the interfacial adhesion between the LLDPE and PP but also acted as selective nucleating agent for crystal modification of PP. In the blends, the sizes of LLDPE and PP spherulites became smaller, and their melting enthalpies reduced in the presence of LLDPE‐PP. Furthermore, the mechanical properties of LLDPE/PP blends were improved with the addition of LLDPE‐PP, and when the concentration of LLDPE‐PP was 2 phr, the ternary blend had the best mechanical properties. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

聚丙烯及聚苯乙烯发泡体系熔体密度的研究

通过高压毛细管流变仪测量聚丙烯发泡体系的PVT关系,得到一定压力和温度下聚丙烯发泡体系的熔体密度,用于分析发泡体系的毛细管流变特性。与聚苯乙烯和高冲击强度聚苯乙烯发泡体系的熔体密度进行了对比,研究并分析了温度、压力、发泡剂及成核剂含量对发泡体系熔体密度的影响。结果表明:发泡体系的熔体密度均随压力的增大而提高,随温度的升高而降低;在发泡气体的临界压力处,发泡体系的熔体密度产生突变;高压下,发泡剂与成核剂含量对熔体密度的影响很小。     

Development of nanofibrous morphology in LDPE/LLDPE/PP blends and its effect on mechanical properties of blend films

Nanofibrous morphology has been observed in ternary blends of low density polyethylene (LDPE), linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE), and isotactic polypropylene (PP) when these were melt‐extruded via slit die followed by hot stretching. The morphology was dependent on the concentration of the component polymers in ternary blend LDPE/LLDPE/PP. The films were characterized by wide angle X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and testing of mechanical properties. The XRD patterns reveal that the β phase of PP is obtained in the as‐stretched nanofibrillar composites, whose concentration decreases with the increase of LLDPE concentration. The presence of PP nanofibrils shows significant nucleation ability for crystallization of LDPE/LLDPE blend. The SEM observations of etched samples show an isotropic blend of LDPE and LLDPE reinforced with more or less randomly distributed and well‐defined nanofibrils of PP, which were generated in situ. The tensile modulus and strength of LDPE/LLDPE/PP blends were significantly enhanced in the machine direction than in the transverse direction with increasing LLDPE concentration. The ultimate elongation increased with increasing LLDPE concentration, and there was a critical LLDPE concentration above which it increased considerably. There was a dramatic increase in the falling dart impact strength for films obtained by blow extrusion of these blends. These impressive mechanical properties of extruded samples can be explained on the basis of the formation of PP nanofibrils with high aspect ratio (at least 10), which imparted reinforcement to the LDPE/LLDPE blend. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

Strategy for the preparation of lightweight polypropylene/polyethylene-octene elastomer composite foams with different phase morphologies using supercritical carbon dioxide

Polypropylene (PP)/polyethylene-octene elastomer (POE) composites with a “sea-island” structure and a cocontinuous structure were prepared. With the selection of a suitable foaming temperature, the supercritical carbon dioxide foaming of PP/POE composites with different phase morphologies occurred only in the POE phase. The effects of the POE content, foaming temperature, pressure, and number of layers on the cell size, cell density, apparent density, foaming layer density, and foaming ratio under different phase morphologies were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, polarized optical microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and dynamic thermomechanical analysis. This article provides a novel approach for foaming PP at a low temperature. For PP/POE-blended composites with a “sea-island” structure, the foaming temperature is as low as 80 °C, and for PP/POE alternating multilayered composites with a cocontinuous structure, foaming can occur at 40 °C. Compared with the conventional methods for foaming PP, this method avoids the problems of a high foaming temperature, a narrow range of the foaming temperature, and a low melt strength of the PP. Thus, the PP foaming method was successfully improved, yielding a new technique for the preparation of lightweight PP. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136, 48157.     

Thermostimulative shape memory effect of linear low‐density polyethylene/polypropylene (LLDPE/PP) blends compatibilized by crosslinked LLDPE/PP blend (LLDPE–PP)

A novel linear low‐density polyethylene (LLDPE)/polypropylene (PP) thermostimulative shape memory blends were prepared by melt blending with moderate crosslinked LLDPE/PP blend (LLDPE–PP) as compatibilizer. In this shape memory polymer (SMP) blends, dispersed PP acted as fixed phase whereas continuous LLDPE phase acted as reversible or switch phase. LLDPE–PP improved the compatibility of LLDPE/PP blends as shown in scanning electron microscopic photos. Dynamic mechanical analysis test showed that the melt strengths of the blends were enhanced with increasing LLDPE–PP content. A shape memory mechanism for this type of SMP system was then concluded. It was found that when the blend ratio of LLDPE/PP/LLDPE–PP was 87/13/6, the blend exhibited the best shape memory effect at stretch ratio of 80%, stretch rate of 25 mm/min, and recovery temperature of 135°C. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011.     

组合发泡剂对聚丙烯发泡行为的影响研究

采用物理发泡剂和化学发泡剂的组合发泡剂对聚丙烯(PP)和高熔体强度聚丙烯(HMSPP)在自制的单螺杆串联单螺杆挤出发泡机组上进行挤出发泡试验。通过真密度计/开闭孔率测定仪和扫描电子显微镜对发泡制品的密度、发泡倍率和泡孔形态进行测试。研究结果表明,采用组合发泡剂后,大部分PP和HMSPP发泡制品的泡孔密度提高,发泡倍率增加,泡孔尺寸分布更加均匀,泡体结构优于单独使用物理发泡剂或化学发泡剂的发泡制品。     

三元复合聚丙烯共混体系结晶行为及力学性能的研究

本文通过DSC测试得到一些结晶参数,分别对PP/弹性体、PP/弹性体/LLDPE两个共混体系的结晶行为进行了研究。结果表明弹性体对PP成核速率有促进作用:LLDPE与PP是分别结晶的,LLDPE阻碍了PP球晶的生长且破坏了PP球晶的完整性;对PP球晶的插入和分割,使PP球晶有一定的破碎细化。力学性能和加工性能的测定,表明三元共混体系的综合性能优于二元共混体系