工艺条件对甲醇脱水制二甲醚反应的影响

以La改性氧化铝为催化剂,在模拟绝热固定床反应器中考察工艺条件对甲醇气相脱水制二甲醚反应的影响。结果表明,甲醇进料温度210℃时,甲醇脱水反应剧烈,绝热温升约130℃。催化剂床层热点温度低于380℃时,二甲醚选择性大于98%,过高温度产生大量副产物甲烷。反应压力对反应影响甚微。在甲醇进料温度240℃(热点温度370℃)、甲醇进料空速1.5 h-1和反应系统压力为50 k Pa条件下,甲醇转化率大于84%,二甲醚选择性大于98.5%,连续运转2 000 h,催化剂无明显失活迹象。     

乙烯与2-丁烯歧化反应制丙烯工艺研究

以SiO2为载体制备了WO3/SiO2固体催化剂。在WO3/SiO2催化剂上使用乙烯和2-丁烯作为原料进行反应。考察了乙烯、丁烯进料比、质量空速、温度、压力对反应的影响。结果表明在乙烯/丁烯为1、WHSV3.1 h-1、400℃、2.1 MPa条件下,2-丁烯转化率可达到76.0%,丙烯选择性可达87.5%。经8 h反应后,2-丁烯转化率和丙烯选择性均有所下降,将催化剂于550℃高温再生能恢复部分活性。     

酸烯酯化合成甲基丙烯酸叔丁酯工艺研究

以甲基丙烯酸、异丁烯为原料,叔丁醇为烯烃阻聚剂,采用固定床反应器进行酸烯酯化合成甲基丙烯酸叔丁酯。探讨了酸烯投料比、反应温度、反应压力及进料空速对酸烯酯化反应的影响。结果表明,最佳反应条件为:酸烯摩尔比为3,反应温度40℃,反应压力0.5 MPa,进料空速为4 h-1。在此条件下,甲基丙烯酸转化率53.4%,异丁烯转化率80.6%,甲基丙烯酸叔丁酯选择性达96.5%。     

酸烯酯化合成甲基丙烯酸叔丁酯工艺研究

以甲基丙烯酸、异丁烯为原料,叔丁醇为烯烃阻聚剂,采用固定床反应器进行酸烯酯化合成甲基丙烯酸叔丁酯。探讨了酸烯投料比、反应温度、反应压力及进料空速对酸烯酯化反应的影响。结果表明,最佳反应条件为:酸烯摩尔比为3,反应温度40℃,反应压力0.5 MPa,进料空速为4 h-1。在此条件下,甲基丙烯酸转化率53.4%,异丁烯转化率80.6%,甲基丙烯酸叔丁酯选择性达96.5%。     

原料中杂质对异丁烷脱氢Pt-Sn-K/Al2O3催化剂性能的影响

采用固定床法考察了原料异丁烷中乙硫醇、甲醇、正丁烷和1-丁烯等杂质对Pt-Sn-K/Al₂O₃催化剂上异丁烷脱氢制异丁烯反应性能影响,反应产物使用气相色谱进行分析.实验结果表明,在异丁烷脱氢制异丁烯正常反应条件下,即温度580℃、压力0.1MPa、进料组成H₂/i-C₄H₁₀(体积比)= 2、总空速GHSV = 2000h^-1、GHSV(i-C4H10)= 667h^-1,乙硫醇、甲醇、正丁烷和1-丁烯对Pt-Sn-K/Al₂O₃催化剂的异丁烷转化率和异丁烯选择性均有较大的影响,且杂质含量越高,对催化剂的转化率和选择性影响越大.并对杂质造成催化剂失活的原因进行了分析.     

化学液相沉积法改性ZSM-5沸石上的甲苯择形歧化反应:Ⅱ水蒸气处理与反应条件的影响

采用水蒸气对化学液相沉积硅改性HZSM 5催化剂进行了处理,考察了250~500℃时水热处理温度对催化剂在甲苯择形歧化反应中的催化活性和对二甲苯选择性的影响。实验结果表明,300~350℃时的水热处理效果较好,甲苯转化率和对二甲苯选择性分别达到23.5%和96.5%。在高对位选择性的催化剂上,详细考察了反应温度、反应压力、氢气与甲苯进料比和甲苯进料速率对甲苯转化率、对二甲苯选择性和收率的影响。实验结果表明,高压、较低温度、低液相空速有利于提高对二甲苯的收率,在反应温度420℃、压力2.5 MPa、甲苯的质量空速为1.5 h-1、氢烃摩尔比为2~3的条件下,甲苯转化率为25.8%,选择性为94.1%,对二甲苯收率为10.5%。     

沉淀铁催化剂上F-T合成反应的研究

制备了物相组成为 Quartz- Si O2 ,Hermatite- Fe2 O3 和 Fe2 O3 - Iron Oxide的沉淀铁催化剂 ,研究了该催化剂作用上固定床积分反应器中费托合成反应特性 .发现 2 .6MPa,80 0 h-1,H2 /CO=2 /3,2 60℃～ 2 90℃时 ,随着温度的升高 ,CO和 H2 的转化率增大 ,CO2 选择性减小 ;40 0 h-1,65 0 h-1,80 0 h-1低空速和 2 4 0 0 h-1,32 0 0 h-1,40 0 0 h-1,640 0 h-1高空速时 ,随着空速的升高 ,H2转化率、CO转化率选择性下降 ,CO2 的选择性升高 ;2 80℃ ,2 .6MPa,H2 /CO进料比 2 /3,1 /1 ,2 /1时 ,随着 H2 /CO进料比的增加 ,CO转化率 ,H2 /CO利用比和 CH4选择性都增加 ,H2 转化率和 CO2选择性减小 .     

环境友好型叔丁胺制备工艺技术

研究以HZP-II催化剂、异丁烯和液氨为原料,选择了直接胺化制备叔丁胺的工艺路线,考察了空速、氨烯比、压力、温度对反应转化率的影响,并对催化剂使用寿命进行了稳定性评价。实验结果表明,在反应压力5 MPa、反应温度260 ℃、异丁烯空速450 h―1、氨烯比（1.5～3.0）∶1时,反应2000 h以上,异丁烯单程转化率仍能保持10.2%,产物叔丁胺的选择性>99%。     

氧化铝负载杂多酸催化甲醇脱水制备二甲醚

制备并用N2 吸附和吡啶吸附红外进行表征 ,结果表明氧化铝负载杂多酸催化剂具有中孔结构 ,表面上具有布朗斯台特酸和路易斯酸。研究了反应压力、温度和质量空速对甲醇脱水生成二甲醚转化率和选择性的影响 ,及催化剂使用寿命。使用该催化剂制备二甲醚的最佳工艺条件为 :反应压力 0 .75～ 0 .85MPa ,反应温度 2 80～ 32 0℃ ,质量空速 1 .5～ 2 .5h- 1 。     

马来酸二甲酯加氢制1,4-丁二醇工艺研究

研究了马来酸二甲酯(DMM)加氢工艺条件对反应结果的影响,试验结果表明提高温度、压力及降低DMM进料空速有利于DMM转化率的提高.优化的工艺条件为:温度170～180℃,压力6.0MPa-体积空速0.1～0.25 h-1.工业侧线试验结果表明,在温度170℃、压力6.0MPa、DMM空速0.13 h-1、氢酯摩尔比300:1等条件下,催化剂级配装填,转化率≥99.5%,总有效选择性≥99.0%,催化剂稳定性好.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。