嵌入式网络温度测控系统

介绍了一个温度测控系统的设计方法，对其通过选择简单的uIP协议，借助以太网控制芯片RTL8019AS来实现以太网接入的工作原理进行了具体描述，并对H1胛协议的实现方法进行了说明，给出了相应的设计实例。所设计的温度测控系统可以满足远程控制的需要，远端用户可以通过HTTP协议来访问存储在单片机系统上的WEB网页。     

浅谈维修性设计的现状、前景及其设计方法

通过分析国内外维修性设计的现状来阐明我国进行维修性设计的重要性，并介绍了维修性设计的设计过程。结合生产设计的需要，介绍了几种当今维修性设计的先进方法。     

基于可靠性安全系数的平键联接设计研究

指出了传统机械设计方法的缺陷，介绍了基于可靠性安全系数的设计原理，并通过平键联接设计实例，进一步阐述其设计步骤；同时通过实例，提出了如何利用现有的数据资料，来确定设计过程中所涉及的许多随机变量的分布类型与分布参数的处理方法，这对于其它机械零件可靠性设计时的随机变量处理，具有一定的启发性和指导性。     

SolidWorks2003设计特殊配合形状的零部件

SolidWorks2003是开发复杂几何形状工具和模具的有效工具。通过SolidWorks2003的应用，最大限度地减少了重复设计，简化了设计过程，并且不需要制造昂贵的样板。SolidWorks自上而下的设计技术通过生成过渡装配体来设计特殊形状的配台零部件，即使对于最复杂的零件，设计者也能方便地     

机构运动分析在产品优化设计中的应用

介绍了I－DEAS软件机构设计模块的基本功能，论述了应用I－DEAS的机构运动仿真技术、模拟新产品的运动过程，分析结果，并优化设计，通过实例来说明I－DEAS软件能成功地应用于产品优化设计，解决了设计中的实际问题。     

基于DPS的滑动轴承的稳健设计

将稳健设计理论应用于流体动压滑动轴承，按照其基本原理建立了数学模型，通过使用DPS数据处理系统来实现对其稳健设计的计算，得到了更符合要求的优化设计方案。     

基于动态测试和诊断技术的产品信息化设计

论述了信息化改造传统制造业的关键是产品信息化设计。提出了基于动态测试和故障诊断的智能维护系统，通过网络传输，为产品提供预示征兆和性能衰退监测，利用所获知的知识来指导产品信息化设计，提升产品竞争力。通过开口机构的动态测试与诊断信息，改进了产品的设计，取得满意效果。     

用VB实现Solid Works对零件的参数化设计

介绍了零件三维建模的参数化设计，通过可视化程序设计语言Visual Basic来调用三维建模软件Solid Works绘制出所需的零件，这样使得图形绘制简单，编辑方便，大大提高了工作效率。     

夹具的防错设计

在大批量生产中，广泛地采用了防错措施来保证操作可靠性和提高生产效率，而很多防错措施是通过夹具来实现的。在分析介绍了几个实例的基础上，总结了夹具设计中具有代表性的一些防错方法和技巧。实践证明防错效果好，值得在夹具设计中应用。     

基于MATLAB和单片机的数字滤波器的设计

本文从MATLAB和单片机的角度，实现了数字低通滤波器的设计。本设计搭建了以单片机为核心的硬件电路，通过MATLAB工具箱来设计数字低通滤波器，得到滤波器的系数，而后在单片机中编写汇编程序，用Proteus实现信号的仿真。     

Schiff碱铜(Ⅱ)配合物微纳米粉体改性UHMWPE初探

制备出稳定分散的乙二胺缩水杨醛Schiff碱铜(Ⅱ)配合物微纳米粉体,并用扫描电镜和红外光谱鉴定其结构和粒径.在25％(体积分数)小牛血清去离子水溶液边界润滑条件下,以5％(质量分数)微纳米乙二胺缩水杨醛Schiff碱铜(Ⅱ)配合物作为添加剂改性UHMWPE,与Ti6A14V配对进行往复摩擦磨损试验,并与其微米级粉体改性UHMWPE的摩擦学性能进行对比.结果表明,在改性添加剂质量分数为5％时,对于减少改性UHMWPE自身和对偶件Ti6Al4V的磨损和降低摩擦副的摩擦,乙二胺缩水杨醛Schiff碱铜(Ⅱ)配合物微纳米粉体比其微米级粉体更加有效.     

Cryo-X-ray analysis-A novel tool to better understand the physicochemical reactions at the bioglass/biological fluid interface

The present study deals with the short-term physicochemical reactions at the interface between bioactive glass particles [55SiO(2)-20CaO-9P(2)O(5)-12Na(2)O-4MgO. mol%] and biological fluid (Dulbecco Modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM)). The physicochemical reactions within the interface are characterized by scanning transmission electron microscopy (TEM) (STEM) associated with Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXS). Microanalysis of diffusible ions such as sodium, potassium, or oxygen requires a special care. In the present investigation the cryo-technique was adopted as a suitable tool for the specimen preparation and characterization. Cryosectioning is essential for preserving the native distribution of ions so that meaningful information about the local concentrations can be obtained by elemental microanalysis. The bioglass particles immersed in biological fluid for 24 h revealed five reaction stages: (i) dealkalization of the surface by cationic exchange (Na(+), Ca(2+) with H(+) or H(3)O(+)); (ii) loss of soluble silica in the form of Si(OH)(4) to the solution resulting from the breakdown of Si--O--Si bonds (iii); repolymerization of Si(OH)(4) leading to condensation of SiO(2)); (iv) migration of Ca(2+) and PO(4) (3-) to the surface through the SiO(2)-rich layer to form CaO-P(2)O(5) film; (v) crystallization of the amorphous CaO-P(2)O(5) by incorporating OH-- or CO(3) (2-) anions with the formation of three different surface layers on the bioactive glass periphery. The thickness of each layer is approximately 300 nm and from the inner part to the periphery they consist of Si--OH, which permits the diffusion of Ca(2+) and PO(4) (3-) ions and the formation of the middle Ca--P layer, and finally the outer layer composed of Na--O, which acts as an ion exchange layer between Na(+) ions and H(+) or H(3)O(+) from the solution.     

Application of lyophilization to prepare the nitrifying bacterial biofilm for imaging with scanning electron microscopy

Structure of bacterial biofilms may be investigated using several variants of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). We apply lyophilization to prepare nitrifying bacterial biofilm for conventional SEM imaging in high-vacuum mode (CSEM). We therefore replace standard biofilm fixation in glutaraldehyde cross-linking, ethanol dehydration, and critical-point drying (CPD) with less-invasive low-temperature drying by sublimation in vacuum. We compare this approach with: (1) standard preparation with glutaraldehyde fixation, ethanol dehydration, and CPD before CSEM, (2) cryo-sputter preparation of rapidly frozen biofilm in hydrated state (cryo-SEM), and (3) in situ observation without any sample pretreatment in environmental SEM. Combined imaging with these modalities revealed two distinct immobilization patterns on the polyurethane foam: (1) large irregular aggregates (flocs) of bacterial biofilm that exist as irregular biofilm fragments, rope-like structures, or biofilm layers on the foam surface; (2) biofilm threads adherent to the surface of polyurethane foam. Our results indicate that lyophilization was suitable for preservation of bacterial cells and many forms of structure of extracellular matrix. The lyophilized material could be imaged with high resolution (using CSEM) to generate structural information complementary to that obtained with other SEM techniques.     

A detailed morphological study of the vomeronasal organ and the accessory olfactory bulb of cats

The organization of the vomeronasal system (VNS) of fetal, newborn, and adult cats was investigated by microdissection and microscopic examination of sections stained conventionally or with lectins (UEA-1, LEA) or antibodies against proteins Gα(i2) (associated with vomeronasal receptor type1) and Gα(o) (associated with receptor vomeronasal receptor type2). The feline VNS is morphologically similar to that of other mammals. Staining with lectins and anti-Gα(i2) was uniform throughout the sensory epithelium of the vomeronasal organ, and throughout the nervous and glomerular layers of the accessory olfactory bulb (AOB); anti-Gα(o) stained no VNS tissue. This organization places the cat together with several other domestic or farm animals (dog, horse, sheep, goat, pig) in a group of mammals with just a single path of communication between the sensory epithelium of the vomeronasal organ and AOB, in contrast to the two-path model found in rodents and other mammals (in which apical and basal sensory epithelium layers project to rostral and caudal AOB areas, respectively). However, the cat differs from the sheep and pig in that the development of its VNS is still incomplete at birth.     

Precise measurements of the total concentration of atmospheric CO2 and 13CO2/12CO2 isotopic ratio using a lead-salt laser diode spectrometer

We have developed a tunable diode laser spectrometer, called SIMCO (spectrometer for isotopic measurements of CO(2)), for determining the concentrations of (12)CO(2) and (13)CO(2) in atmospheric air, from which the total concentration of CO(2) and the isotopic composition (expressed in delta units) delta(13)CO(2) are calculated. The two concentrations are measured using a pair of lines around 2290.1 cm(-1), by fitting a line profile model, taking into account the confinement narrowing effect to achieve a better accuracy. Using the Allan variance, we have demonstrated (for an integration time of 25 s) a precision of 0.1 ppmv for the total CO(2) concentration and of 0.3[per thousand] for delta(13)CO(2). The performances on atmospheric air have been tested during a 3 days campaign by comparing the SIMCO instrument with a gas chromatograph (GC) for the measurement of the total CO(2) concentration and with an isotopic ratio mass spectrometer (MS) for the isotopic composition. The CO(2) concentration measurements of SIMCO are in very good agreement with the GC data with a mean difference of Delta(CO(2))=0.16+/-1.20 ppmv for a comparison period of 45 h and the linearity of the concentration between the two instruments is also very good (slope of correlation: 0.9996+/-0.0003) over the range between 380 and 415 ppmv. For delta(13)CO(2), the comparison with the MS data shows a larger mean difference of Delta(delta(13)CO(2))=(-1.9+/-1.2)[per thousand], which could be partly related to small residual fluctuations of the overall SIMCO instrument response.     

Measurements of NOx, acyl peroxynitrates, and NOy with automatic interference corrections using a NO2 analyzer and gas phase titration

NO(2) analyzers are much more valuable if they can also measure NO since the two (NO+NO(2)=NO(x)) are often found together. NO can be quantitatively converted to NO(2) by reaction with ozone and subsequent thermal decomposition of the N(2)O(5) that may form from further oxidation. The conversion of NO, along with decomposition of N(2)O(5) and removal of the remaining unreacted ozone with a heated chamber, allows for quantitative determination of NO(x) using a NO(2) analyzer and the determination of decomposed acyl peroxynitrates. Ambient tests are performed to demonstrate these methods.     

Validation of two dual fluorescence techniques for confocal microscopic visualization of resin penetration into enamel caries lesions

Fluorescence confocal microscopy is a useful tool to analyze the infiltration of enamel caries lesions with low-viscosity resins (infiltrants) in vitro. The conventionally used staining technique, which comprises dye labeling of the resin, has been shown to be limited by chromatographic separation of the resin-dye-mixture during penetration. The aim of this study was to develop an improved dual staining technique and to compare validity and reproducibility of both methods. Human molars with proximal white spots were cut across the demineralizations. After varnishing the cut surfaces, paired lesion halves were infiltrated with an infiltrant using either one of two different staining techniques. For the conventional direct technique (A) the infiltrant was labeled with rhodamine isothiocyanate (RITC) prior to application. Using the new indirect technique (B) lesions were stained with RITC solution and subsequently infiltrated with pure infiltrant. After light curing, unbound dye was bleached by immersion in hydrogen peroxide. Remaining lesion pores were stained with sodium fluorescein solution. Penetration depths (PD) and lesion depths (LD) were evaluated by five examiners using confocal microscopy and compared with the results of scanning electron microscopic (SEM; PD) and microradiographic (TMR; LD) analysis. The indirect technique showed better correlation (intraclass coefficients) with SEM (0.990) and TMR (0.982) compared with the direct technique (SEM: 0.513; TMR: 0.702). Inter- and intrarater reliability was higher for technique B compared with technique A. The new indirect technique yields to more valid and reliable results to visualize infiltrant penetration into natural enamel caries lesions compared with the conventional method. Microsc. Res. Tech. 2009. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Ab initio determination of the framework structure of the heavy-metal oxide Cs(x)Nb2.54W2.46O14 from 100 kV precession electron diffraction data

The present work deals with the ab initio determination of the heavy metal framework in Cs(x)(Nb, W)(5)O(14) from precession electron diffraction intensities. The target structure was first discovered by Lundberg and Sundberg [Ultramicroscopy 52 (1993) 429-435], who succeeded in deriving a tentative structural model from high-resolution electron microsopy (HREM) images. The metal framework of the compound was solved in this investigation via direct methods from hk0 precession electron diffraction intensities recorded with a Philips EM400 at 100 kV. A subsequent (kinematical) least-squares refinement with electron intensities yielded slightly improved co-ordinates for the 11 heavy atoms in the structure. Chemical analysis of several crystallites by EDX is in agreement with the formula Cs(0.44)Nb(2.54)W(2.46)O(14). Moreover, the structure was independently determined by Rietveld refinement from X-ray powder data obtained from a multi-phasic sample. The compound crystallises in the orthorhombic space group Pbam with refined lattice parameters a=27.145(2), b=21.603(2), and c=3.9463(3)A. Comparison of the framework structure from electron diffraction with the result from Rietveld refinement shows an average agreement for the heavy atoms within 0.09 A.     

沱茶中茶多酚的分析与鉴定

用索氏提取器以三氯甲烷为萃取剂,在95 ℃下从沱茶中提取茶多酚。用旋转蒸发器将滤液浓缩,有机相中加入三氯甲烷(V(三氯甲烷):V(浓缩液)=3:1)将咖啡因萃取分离、去除。水相中加入乙酸乙脂(V(乙酸乙酯):V(水)=3:1)将沱茶提取物萃取分离。以硅胶G作填充剂,以乙酸乙酯(V(乙酸乙酯):V(乙醚)=4:1)为洗脱剂进行柱层析。用傅里立变换-红外光谱法(FT/IR)测定沱茶提取物待测组分的红外光谱图,提供官能团的有关信息。确定待测组分的可能结构;应用气相色谱-质谱法(GC/MS)对其进行分析与鉴定,由电子电离源质谱(EI/MS)获得待测组分的质谱图和相关数据,进而对子离子裂解途径和特征离子进行辅助解析,确证待测组分为茶多酚。为开发利用沱茶提供了科学依据。     

Detection of C-reactive protein on a functional poly(thiophene) self-assembled monolayer using surface plasmon resonance

The preparation of a new poly(thiophene) with pendant N-hydroxysuccinimide ester groups and its application to immobilization of biomolecules are reported. A thiophene derivative of N-hydroxysuccinimide ester was polymerized with FeCl(3) in chloroform and the resulting poly(thiophene) was characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). This polymer reacts with amine-bearing molecules to yield new poly(thiophene) derivatives and the specific interactions at the side groups could be detected. Thus, a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) using the polymer was formed on a gold-coated quartz cell and anti-C-reactive protein (anti-CRP) was immobilized. The binding behavior of CRP on the surface was monitored by use of a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor system.