A consumer product: How to move from lab to shelf to home

A general discussion and case illustration are provided to illustrate considerations required to answer questions about a new product, such as how to name it, package it, test it in the real world, present it to the trade, advertise it, promote it and how to counter competitor's actions.     

壳聚糖酰胺衍生物保湿性能研究

壳聚糖具有良好的保湿性能 ,但由于不溶于水 ,因此在化妆品中难以应用。虽然它能溶于酸溶液中 ,但会发生降解而不稳定。壳聚糖可与生物有机酸反应制得壳聚糖N -酰化的衍生物 ,2 %的该类衍生物 ,其保湿性明显优于10 %的甘油水溶液 ,而且粘度稳定 ,无降解发生 ,故可在化妆品中用作保湿剂。     

Agricultural use of sewage sludge and its regulation

Sewage sludge is waste for which the most positive outlet must be sought whilst, at the same time, making use of its qualities. In view of its organic matter and other nutrients content, it may be thought that the best system is to use it for agricultural purposes, although the load of heavy metals it may bear with it proves to be the main obstacle involved. Since it is a heterogeneous material whose composition depends on various factors, the content of such metals in sewage sludge will be highly variable. Thus it becomes necessary to always analyze sewage sludge before directing it towards agricultural use and also to know the heavy metal content of the soil where it is applied already so as to adjust this agronomical practice to the limits as set by current legislation in force. The provisions of law must also be complied with when certain substances deemed toxic or dangerous are present in sewage sludge. The purpose of all this is to prevent possible soil pollution and other kinds of risk involved in accumulation in the food chain.     

A convenient and efficient method for the determination of the digestibility of fats with pancreatic or other lipases

Summary This method for carrying out hydrolysis experiments with pancreatic lipase is convenient and easy to operate; it allows five determinations to be carried out at one time, thus making it possible to make comparisons since the same conditions exist at the given time; it shows a smooth course of reaction in every case; it gives more complete hydrolysis since the acids are used up as formed; it keeps the pH on the alkaline side under constant control and in the range where the enzyme is most active; it eliminates the removal of aliquots and the killing of the enzyme; it makes it possible to make determinations directly in the digestion mixture. A fat emulsion cannot be completely saponified by alcoholic KOH solution in any reasonable length of time. Such a saponification number is usually about half of the conventional value. This is due to the water present in such a fat emulsion. A sample of oleomargarine was found to contain a fat-splitting enzyme. Digestion curves for several commercial fats have been presented.     

气化炉炉壳超温与改造

介绍气化炉壳体超温的危害及防止超温对耐火衬里的改造。     

小牛胸腺素的动物实验及临床应用

目的　提取胸腺素并检测药物指标 ,观察其临床应用和动物实验效果 ,探讨胸腺素对哮喘豚鼠肺组织Gα表达的影响。方法　采用酸碱沉淀加离心法制备胸腺素 ,经多肽定量、活性鉴定、细菌培养、毒性试验和热原实验 ,临床疗效观察 ,并以卵蛋白雾化吸入致敏法复制哮喘模型 ,Westernblot分析法测定哮喘豚鼠肺组织Gα水平。结果　所制胸腺素符合中国药典标准。临床疗效确切 ,经治疗后 ,哮喘豚鼠肺组织Giα、Gqα水平显著降低 (P <0 0 5 ) ,Gsα无显著变化。结论　采用酸碱沉淀加离心法可制备胸腺素 ,其治疗哮喘动物的机理可能是通过改变肺组织Gα水平来达到。     

煤化工与能量转化率

论述能量转化率的重要性和特性;在比较能量转化率时,要首尾相同。讨论对不同装置的能量转化率数据进行比较是否重要:有些情况下是重要的,有些情况下是没有必要的;解读对示范装置规定最低能量转化率的原因;提出不宜将能量转化率作为唯一判据;选择产品的首要原则是国家的需求和技术的成熟度。     

Production and consumption of sorbitol and fructose by saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 36859

The production and consumption of sorbitol by Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 36859 have been studied in this work. The results showed that the strain produced ethanol and sorbitol in a fructose medium, but it generated only ethanol while growing in a glucose medium. When the strain was pregrown on fructose and transferred to a sorbitol medium, it consumed that polyol and produced ethanol and fructose. It did not grow on sorbitol when it was transferred from a glucose medium. During the growth of the strain in a glucose-fructose medium, the sorbitol production started some time after the consumption of glucose. Both glucose and ethanol affected the production of sorbitol. Comparing the strain with a wild S. cerevisiae, it was found that the latter one did not produce sorbitol when it grew either on glucose or fructose. Furthermore, the wild strain grew well on sorbitol, regardless of whether it was pregrown on glucose or fructose but it did not produce fructose.     

创建我国“复合材料共享数据库”建议和设想

简介了建立"复合材料共享数据库"国际大趋势。阐述分析了我国"复合材料共享数据库"创建的外围环境和内在动力。指出可借鉴国外经验和方法构建组织机构,并在确立创建思路和实施建议的基础上,提出了"战略规划更广、材料形态到更全、数据功能更强和商业化盈利模式"的创新设想。     

TTT分析在陶瓷烧成质量控制中的研究和应用

本文介绍了TTT（time-temperature-transformation)分析的工作原理和应用方法，主要介绍了它在陶瓷烧成工艺控制中的作用，以红砖烧成中TTT分析的结果为例用图表的形式加以说明，实践证明，这是一种有效的质量跟踪和控制手段，对指导工厂生产、稳定和提高烧成质量起到积极的作用，它和差热（DTA），热重（TG），热膨胀分析相比，更适合在工厂中应用，作为一种动态、在线的质量控制手段有着广泛的应用前景。     

Fe（OH）3电泳实验探究

采取单因素方法对Fe（OH）3胶体电泳实验进行研究,实验主要从胶体的浓度、煮沸时间、电导率和辅助液几个方面进行探究。研究表明该实验的最佳条件为制备胶体的FeCl3溶液为饱和溶液,其用量为2．5mL,滴加速度为2滴／s,煮沸时间为1min,电导率为100μs以下。辅助液依据情况而定,实验研究中KCl做辅助液较为合适;学生实验渗析液做辅助液较好,因为这样既能使学生认识到电泳现象,又可以节省时间和试剂。     

用低烟无卤阻燃剂聚烯烃材料制造复合编织布研究

概述:传统的塑料包装布主要是聚烯烃塑料编织布,其中的高聚物属易燃、可燃材料,在燃烧时热释放速率大、热值高、火焰传播速度快、不易自熄、延燃性强,燃烧时还会产生浓烟或有毒、有害、有腐蚀性的气体,对环境造成二次性危害,对人的生命安全带来巨大的威胁。此种编织布遇火极易引起燃烧,故适用范围受到限制。     

MYD-2型胶结砂用于粘土砂防砂

主要介绍了胶结砂防砂的防砂机理和现场应用情况，说明胶结砂能够有效地防住粘土砂，并且有明显的降水和增油效果。     

施田补防除旱育秧苗床杂草应用技术研究

根据施田补的田间防除旱育秧苗床除草效果,盆栽试验研究其对水稻的安全性及与扑草净的混合配方测定,室内生物测定土壤湿度对其药效的影响。试验结果表明：施田可有效防除旱秧苗床多种单双子叶杂草,防效可达９０％以上,但稻种覆土不严极易发生药害;土壤水分是其发挥药效的重要因素,施田补地苗档土表饱和湿度时施用效果最佳;     

漆艺:如何理解它?

从实用的角度看,漆艺之道不是别的,它是"生活"。离开生活性,漆艺就离开了它的理想。漆艺文化就是生活的文化,抑或手工艺的文化,它是人类文化的基础,我们必须向它致敬。手工艺文化拒绝"纯粹性",它是自然的恩赐,具有很强的生活性。现代漆艺的"纯粹性"倾向,使手工艺正面临一场无形的文化屠杀,必须要获得生活性漆艺的救助,否则我们就不会见到美的漆艺,更遗憾的是作为文化大厦基石的手工艺文化也会遭到彻底地毁灭。     

A Study of the Adhesive Foot of the Gecko: Translation of a Publication by Franz Weitlaner

Although it seems that gecko adhesion research is a relatively young branch of science, this recently rediscovered work presents some very old studies with quite remarkable findings. The publication of Dr. F. Weitlaner from 1902 is very impressive, as it covers many recently published topics and – even more impressively – often comes to the same conclusions and provides similar results compared with current publications. Weitlaner published his paper in German which was – at that time – very common in science. This makes it almost impossible for today's international community of bioinspired adhesion researchers to enjoy and appreciate this early gem of scientific work. Thus, we have decided to translate his paper in the hope that it finds the attention it deserves and that it inspires us to stay curious and pursue answers to the questions which have been asked for over a century.     

电容式液位计在我公司的应用与改进

分析了电容式液位计损坏的原因，根据它的工作原理及组成，对其进行了相应的改造，投运后运行稳定、准确，效果良好。     

宝浪油田提高原油采收率技术研究

分子膜驱油技术是目前石油业提高采收率研究的一个重要方向。其核心就是它与储层岩石接触后,由于在岩石表面的吸附、滞留和捕集作用,使储层表面的润湿性发生变化,从而达到驱替残余油、提高原油采收率的效果。例如由强亲油向弱亲油、中性,甚至亲水性变化时,不仅原油的采出程度有大幅度的提高,而且对于低渗透储层,特别是超低渗透的储层来说,也由于注入性和注入能力的提高而可以进行理想的水驱或化学驱。本文结合宝浪油田低渗储油层的实际情况通过对分子膜剂性能的评价,筛选出了适合宝浪油田低渗储层的分子膜剂类型和浓度。     

PMI泡沫芯材填充GFRP帽型筋梁弯曲性能研究

通过三点弯曲试验得到聚甲基丙烯(酰)亚胺(PMI)泡沫芯材填充玻纤增强塑料(GFRP)帽型筋梁的弯曲性能数据,发现该结构有较好的延性,破坏形式较为安全.采用有限元方法对试验进行了数值模拟,得到了与试验相符的模拟结果,证明了数值模拟的可行性.在此基础上研究了泡沫芯材倾角、宽度、厚度的变化对结构刚度的影响并进行了数值计算,进一步考虑工艺等因素得出用于电动汽车车身覆盖件的PMI泡沫芯材填充GFRP帽型筋梁的优化设计参数.     

合成冷却器恒力吊的安装

合成冷却器恒力吊结构复杂,质量较重,并且安装位置比较特殊。介绍了恒力吊的组成部件,详述了合成冷却器恒力吊的安装步骤。合成冷却器恒力吊的正确安装对气化炉的安全稳定运行起着重要的作用。