两次冷轧法轧制的无取向硅钢{001}〈210〉织构的发展

在元取向硅钢中，{001}〈210〉织构具有良好的磁性，而采用两次冷轧法（中间退火温度为640℃）能够坩强这种织构。利用电子背散射图形（EBSP），测量退火过程中亚擞织构的变化来研究两次冷轧法生产的无取向电工钢{001}〈210〉奴构的形成机理。中间退火钢板的再结晶份数为60％，主要由〈111〉／／ND小等轴再结晶晶粒和〈110〉／／RD伸长变形晶粒组成．在最终退火期间，再结晶晶粒〈111〉／／ND方向的长大被抑制。晶粒在{001}晶面〈210〉晶向上的长大使〈111〉／／ND方向的再结晶晶粒被消耗。这是由于再结晶晶粒中第二次冷轧在〈111〉／／ND方向引入的应变所造成的。所以，最终退火钢板的结构主要为{001}〈210〉织构。     

冷轧Ti-IF超深冲钢罩式退火机理及织构变化规律的研究

在480~750℃条件下,模拟罩式退火,利用光学显微镜、X射线衍射和金相显微硬度计研究了冷轧Ti-IF超深冲钢晶粒结构的变化,通过取向密度函数分析了再结晶过程织构演变规律。研究表明:冷轧Ti-IF超深冲钢的再结晶温度约为630℃,再结晶过程能够在660℃条件下2 h之内完成;冷轧后该钢主要有4种织构,分别是{001}〈110〉、{111}〈110〉、{111}〈112〉和{112}〈110〉;在退火再结晶过程中,{111}逐渐转变为γ-{111},当退火温度升至720℃时,{001}〈110〉和{112}〈110〉转变为纤维织构γ-{111},最终{111}〈110〉和{111}〈112〉成为主要织构类型。     

50W600正常晶粒长大过程中再结晶织构演化研究

运用EBSD技术研究了50W600无取向硅钢再结晶晶粒正常长大过程中织构的演化机理。结果表明:再结晶晶粒长大过程中织构演化源于不同织构组分长大速率不同;晶粒尺寸不是唯一决定某取向晶粒长大的因素;晶粒与其周围其它晶粒取向差角分布是影响该晶粒长大的重要参数;{111}<112>与{111}<110>取向晶粒长大过程中的相互竞争导致{111}面织构取向锋锐度交替变化;950℃退火时,随退火时间延长,{100}<120>织构、{100}<310>织构减弱,{110}<001>增强;恒定退火时间3.5 min,随退火温度升高,{110}<001>、{100}<120>、{100}<310>织构均增强;温度对不同取向晶粒取向差角分布有较大影响。     

IF钢罩式退火过程中再结晶组织与织构的演变

研究了IF钢(/%:0.005C、0.02Si、0.16Mn、0.011P、0.004S、0.042Als、0.061Ti、0.003 1 N)0.8 mm冷轧板在500～800℃退火时的再结晶组织及织构,采用X射线衍射技术结合微观组织观察分析了IF钢罩式退火过程中{111}再结晶织构形成机制和显微组织演变规律。结果表明,随退火温度的升高,再结晶数量逐渐增多,640℃为实验钢实际再结晶温度,同时{111}再结晶织构强度亦逐渐增大,{111}取向的晶粒主要在再结晶过程中形成,并在{111}取向晶粒长大过程中,γ纤维织构之间也发生相互转化,主要由{111}〈112〉织构转变为{111}〈110〉织构。     

取向硅钢微观组织和织构演化规律研究

结合鞍钢开发的厚度0.27 mm HiB取向硅钢的经验,研究了热轧、常化、冷轧、脱碳退火、高温退火等工序微观组织、织构的变化和演变规律。结果表明：热轧浅表层的组织为再结晶组织,中心层为未完全再结晶的带状组织,常化后均发生再结晶和再结晶组织的长大,取向硅钢的组织在冷轧和脱碳退火后转变为铁素体的等轴晶粒,经过二次再结晶后,Goss织构晶粒成长为毫米级的大晶粒。热轧浅表层是Goss{110}〈001〉织构的发源地,经过常化后Goss织构原位加强,冷轧后Goss织构转变为{111}〈112〉且部分残留在变形剪切带处,从而在二次再结晶时,形成了以Goss织构为主要织构组分的HiB取向硅钢。     

薄板坯连铸连轧流程Fe-3%Si钢热轧板和常化板织构

在实验室按照薄板坯连铸连轧工艺流程试制了Fe-3%Si硅钢热轧板,采用EBSD和X射线衍射方法观察了A钢和B钢热轧板和常化板的织构组织,分析了α、ε和γ取向线上织构取向密度变化规律。A和B钢热轧板具有相似的{110}〈112〉和、{001}〈110〉和{001}〈010〉和高斯织构组织,A试样表层的晶粒均匀性较差,B试样具有较强的γ织构取向。采用EBSD观察比较了A钢和B钢热轧板和常化板的垂直TD面的EBSD微观织构组织,A钢和B钢常化退火后基本保留了热轧时形成的中心部位的组织,而次表层和表层晶粒发生了再结晶长大,晶粒组织和织构梯度减小,织构主要集中在{001}〈^-1^-10〉和{001}〈0^10〉和之间以及高斯织构上。常化后织构的总体强度下降,高斯强度减弱。试验研究结果为开发薄板坯连铸连轧短流程生产电工钢技术提供理论依据和参考数据。     

热轧工艺对TSCR流程生产取向硅钢组织和性能的影响

取向硅钢热轧板中组织、织构梯度对发展完善的二次再结晶十分关键,通过对2种不同热轧工艺生产取向硅钢的组织、织构进行研究,结果表明:采用后道次大压下热轧工艺时热轧板表层再结区晶粒平均尺寸增加,再结晶区厚度增加,高温退火后二次晶粒尺寸减小;采用后道次大压下热轧工艺热轧时,热轧板中平均等效应变高,热轧板厚度心部{100}〈011〉和{100}〈001〉位向取向强度降低,({111}～{113})〈110〉位向取向强度提高,高温退火后{110}〈001〉位向偏离角降低,磁性能提高。     

高硅钢近柱状晶初始组织的形变、再结晶行为及磁性能

采用电子背散射衍射技术对高硅钢近柱状晶初始组织直接热轧、温轧、冷轧和退火组织及织构演变进行分析,并测定相应退火板的磁性能.该实验条件下组织与织构演变规律体现了表层剪切细小组织和中心层粗大组织的竞争关系,其中中心层组织与原始立方取向相关或表现为α线取向.柱状晶的影响在最终退火组织中仍存在,少量立方取向区域可遗传到最终退火板中,虽然没有大量出现,仍有效削弱了{111}织构.形变退火过程中与原始立方取向线有关的晶粒尺寸普遍较大,有利于磁性.样品最终的磁感应强度低于文献报导的强{120}〈001〉或{100}〈021〉织构样品,但高于普通无取向高硅钢,且轧向和横向磁感应强度值差异小,所以柱状晶组织有利于无取向高硅钢的制备.      

取向硅钢形变和再结晶织构及其转变机制

主要用X射线方法研究了含AIN MnS、MnS、AIN Sb的三类取向硅钢的形变和再结晶织构。结果表明:虽然它们有大致相同的形变、再结晶织构组分,但是随成分和工艺的变化,各组分的相对比率是不同的:高磁感取向硅钢退火时,生成多而集中的{111}〈112〉和适量准确的{110}〈001〉是获得最佳磁性的必要条件;形变状态各位向的晶格畸变贮能是     

低温板坯加热晶粒取向3.0%Si钢高温退火中的组织演化

采用取向分布函数及金相分析方法研究了以Cu₂S为主要抑制剂的低温板坯加热晶粒取向硅钢(%:0.04C、3.16Si、0.50Cu)在650～1 050℃高温退火中组织的演化过程。结果表明,该取向硅钢的初次再结晶温度为650～700℃,二次再结晶温度为1 000～1 050℃。初次再结晶后的主要织构强度以{111}〈110〉、 {112}〈110〉、 {111}〈112〉顺序减弱。初次再结晶组织的晶粒尺寸和织构强度在700～900℃变化很小,在900～1 000℃晶粒长大速度加快,{111}〈110〉、{112}〈110〉组分增强,而{111}〈112〉组分的强度基本保持不变。     

Formation of Cube and Goss Texture After Primary Recrystallization in Electrical Steels

Recrystallization texture evolution in 2.1 pct Si electrical steel sheets was investigated with X-ray diffraction and electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) analysis. The beneficial Cube ({100} 〈001〉 ) and Goss ({110} 〈001〉 ) components dominate primary recrystallization texture after final annealing at 1123 K (850 °C). It is found that Cube grains nucleate within {114} 〈481〉  deformed grains, and the nucleation of Cube grains is later than that of Goss grains during recrystallization. The formation of strong Cube and Goss texture is explained in terms of both the oriented nucleation and selective growth mechanisms.     

后期渗氮工艺制备取向硅钢的组织转变

后期渗氮工艺是一种低温板坯加热生产技术,广泛应用于取向硅钢生产企业。通过金相＋ODF织构分析对工艺各阶段组织进行研究。实验结果表明：热轧及常化织构板沿板厚方向分布不均匀,{110}＜001＞织构在距热轧板表面1/4厚度处分布最强;冷轧板织构主要是α线和γ线织构;脱碳退火后α线织构大量减弱,{111}＜112＞织构得到加强,而渗氮后织构变化不明显。二次再结晶组织大晶粒内部出现少量小尺寸的孤岛小晶粒,{001}＜100＞位向孤岛小晶粒是 Goss晶粒无法吞并的。     

Bi对低温取向硅钢高温退火过程组织和织构的影响

以含Bi和不含Bi两种成分低温取向硅钢进行高温退火中断实验,借助磁测仪（MPG 200D）进行磁性能测量,借助金相显微镜观察晶粒尺寸,利用X射线衍射（XRD）对高温退火连续升温过程中织构进行研究分析。实验结果表明,添加Bi元素后,初次晶粒尺寸减小,二次再结晶晶粒尺寸增加至20~60 mm,成品磁性能更优。Bi加入后二次再结晶开始温度明显提高,含Bi试样和不含Bi试样发生晶粒异常长大的温度范围分别是1 080~1 100 ℃和1 060~1 080 ℃。织构分析结果显示,随着高温退火温度提高,{111}和{100}面织构逐渐减弱,{110}面织构和Goss织构逐渐增强,含Bi和不含Bi试样的高斯织构转变温度分别为1 100 ℃和1 080 ℃,随后高斯织构密度和体积百分比逐步增加,最终含Bi试样的高斯织构密度和体积百分比均高于不含Bi试样。     

Texture Evolution of Columnar Grains in Electrical Steel During Hot Rolling

Columnar grains in cast slabs of electrical steel show strong anisotropy in grain orientation and morphology and thus influence the subsequent microstructure and texture after hot rolling significantly. The texture evolution of hot rolled sheets containing initial columnar grains with their <100> directions approximately parallel to the rolling direction (RD), transverse direction (TD) and normal direction (ND) of the hot rolled sheets was investigated by using EBSD technique. The results indicated that, whatever the initial texture of the columnar grains was, typical Goss, brass-type and copper-type shear texture component could develop in shear-deformed surface region. The copper-type texture formed under the maximum shearing force with the fine, sheared or dynamically recrystallized grains, and Goss grains were mainly elongated and deformed grains, while brass grains behaved between them. Additionally, the rotating relationship of the three types of shear textures was different due to the restriction of grain boundaries. In homogenously deformed center region, the RD sample contained more {112} <110> grains, and TD sample was covered by {100} textures such as {100}<011> and {100}<021> with coarse grains, while the ND sample developed many {100}<011> grains which were attributed to more {100} grains in the initial sample. Remarkable texture transition occurred on both sides of grain boundaries when {110} grains were adjacent to α-fiber texture grains. It was found that significant texture gradient and preferred distribution of rotating axis existed in the soft orientation grains on the α-fiber when the grains neighbored hard grains on γ-fiber.     

低温加热取向硅钢组织与织构演变研究

采用OM、EBSD、XRD分析研究了含Cu低温加热取向硅钢组织、织构的演变特征,研究结果表明：热轧板中存在铁素体层和珠光体层彼此交替的带状组织,且显微组织在厚度方向上分布不均匀,热轧板中{001}〈110〉、{112}〈110〉织构以及{110}〈001〉织构在板厚方向上分布不均匀;经过冷轧后,铁素体晶粒被严重拉长,形成了沿轧向伸长的纤维状组织,冷轧板织构类型主要是α织构和γ织构;脱碳时基体发生回复再结晶,显微组织为单一的铁素体等轴晶粒,织构主要为γ织构;二次冷轧板经渗氮后织构仅从强度上有所降低,其织构类型变化不明显。成品二次再结晶组织发展比较完善,晶粒尺寸约为10~20 mm。织构类型为锋锐的Goss织构。成品磁感B800达到了1.926 T,铁损P1.7/50为1.047 W/kg。     

Development of recrystallization textures in 0.08%C steel

The present work investigates the effect of cold deformation on the evolution of microstructure and textures during recrystallization in 0.08%C steel. The cold rolling texture consists of partial α-fiber (RD//〈110〉) and complete γ-fiber (ND//〈111〉) along with Goss ({110}〈001〉) and cube ({100}〈100〉}) texture components. The sharpness of α-fiber, γ-fiber and cube component increases with the increase in rolling reduction from 70 to 85% while that of Goss component decreases. After recrystallization (750 and 800°C), the textures were composed of α and γ-fiber along with significant Goss components. The strength of γ-fiber decreases after annealing. The presence of Goss component in recrystallization textures is attributed to preferential nucleation in {111}〈112〉 type deformed grains.     

冷轧压下率对无抑制剂取向硅钢初次再结晶退火的影响

对无抑制剂取向硅钢不同压下率下初次再结晶退火后的显微组织、宏观织构和微观织构进行了研究.结果表明,冷轧板织构主要为α取向线{001}＜110＞、{112}＜110＞和{111}＜110＞织构以及γ取向线{111}＜110＞织构.初次再结晶退火后,α取向线织构减弱,织构主要为γ取向线{111}＜112＞织构.随冷轧压下率的增加,冷轧和初次再结晶织构强度增加.当压下率为88％时,初次再结晶退火后 Goss 织构和{111}＜112＞织构强度最高,最有利于发生二次再结晶.EBSD 分析显示,Goss 取向晶粒大多与{111}＜112＞取向晶粒相邻.提高冷轧压下率,Goss取向晶粒和{111}＜112＞取向晶粒都增加,Goss 取向晶粒偏离理想取向角度减少.     

Texture distribution through-the-thickness after cold-rolling of 3% silicon steel

A simple laboratory technique was used to produce cold-rolled specimens with various reductions from 40 to 80% at a 10% interval starting with commercial hot band of 3% silicon steel. The quantitative and sensitive Orientation Distribution Function (ODF) method was applied to analyze the evolution of texture from hot-rolled to cold-rolled through-thickness. The results indicated that there are two different types of texture in hot sheet which are called recrystallization type texture and deformation type texture. The developed texture at each level of cold sheet specimens was inherited from the texture at respective level of hot sheet. The Goss texture memory effect at subsurface level was discussed. The conclusions indicated that it is important to get suitable hot band which has strong recrystallization type texture at its surface level and use appropriate cold rolling reduction for producing cold band which has a texture distribution of strong {111}〈112〉, weak {001}〈110ång; and some {110}〈001〉 components at its subsurface level and is beneficial to forming sharp Goss texture during recrystallization. The appropriate reduction is about 70%.     

Effect of Heating Rate on Microstructure Evolution and Magnetic Properties of Cold Rolled Non-Oriented Electrical Steel

The effects of heating rate (ranging from 50 to 300 ℃/s) during the final annealing process on microstructure evolution and magnetic properties of cold rolled non-oriented electrical steel were investigated. It was found that increasing heating rate increased the nucleation temperature and complete recrystallization temperature. At the same time, heating rate increasing could cause the substantially refined structures for the recrystallization grains and this grain refinement would decline when the heating rate was beyond 50 ℃/s. The recrystallization texture exhibited pronounced improvement with heating rate, such as the intensity decrease of 111ND (normal direction) fiber and the intensity increase of {110}001 Goss texture component. The texture improvement and grain size refinement caused by heating rate increasing resulted in complicated variation of the magnetic properties. The magnetic induction (B50) keeps increasing while heating rate increases from 15 to 300 ℃/s which is due to the recrystallized texture optimization caused by rapid heating. The core losses (P1.5/50) decrease while heating rate increases from 15 to 100 ℃/s; however, the core losses would increase when heating rate is higher than 100 ℃/s, which is caused by the mean grain size refinement after rapid heating annealing. The results indicate that recrystallization texture and the magnetic properties of the non-oriented electrical steel can be improved definitely by rapid heating during the final annealing treatment.     

Formation and Control of Sharp {100}〈021〉 Texture in Electrical Steel

Electrical steel sheets with the orientation of{100}parallel to the surfaces have the most easymagnitization axes on surface,and thus can serve asthe ideal cores of electrical motors.The special fea-ture of this kind of electrical steel draws much atten-tion.Wiener[1]experi mentally obtained{100}tex-ture in electrical steel by controlling the secondaryrecrystallization through surface energy.Based onthe principle that{100}surface energyis the lowestinα-iron under lowvacuumor slight oxidation …