CSP生产含Ti高强钢性能稳定控制研究

采用金相检测、透射电镜和能谱分析等方法,分析武钢CSP产线屈服强度700 MPa级别含Ti高强钢长度方向和宽度方向温度波动对钢卷中第二相TiC粒子的析出形貌和析出量的影响,发现卷取温度、带钢长度方向和宽度方向温度波动是造成含Ti高强钢强度波动的主要原因。通过优化卷取温度,层流冷却采用边部遮挡和卷后堆垛缓冷等相关措施,实现了CSP产线屈服强度700 MPa高强钢的批量生产,且产品强度稳定,性能均匀性好。     

HRB500E抗震钢筋中钛化物析出热力学分析

 钢液凝固过程中钛化物在液相、固相的存在形态对固相组织的性能有着重要的影响,其第二相析出起到细化晶粒的作用。为分析HRB500E抗震钢筋钢中TiN、TiC、Ti(C,N)析出物的析出规律,对TiN、TiC、Ti(C,N)析出物进行热力学计算。结果表明,TiN、TiC在钢液成分均质状态下难以析出,TiC_0.19N_0.81在温度为1 843 K时析出;在凝固过程中,由于Ti、N在凝固前沿富集,TiN在凝固过程中具备析出的热力学条件,析出温度为1 745 K;在固相奥氏体中,TiN和TiC粒子具备析出热力学条件,TiC析出温度比TiN的低,铁素体中有TiC的析出。     

不同合金元素的添加对含Ti微合金高强钢组织性能的影响

利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、透射电镜、能谱分析和拉伸试验等手段,对分别加入Mo、Cr、Nb、Cu等合金元素的含Ti微合金铁素体高强钢组织、析出相和力学性能进行分析,结果表明:铁素体基含Ti微合金高强钢以铁素体为基体,部分微合金钢组织含有极少量粒状贝氏体或珠光体;基体析出粒子尺寸差别较大,大部分尺寸小于10 nm并呈球形、簇状分布,析出物以TiC或(M、Ti)C颗粒为主;5种成分设计的铁素体基含Ti微合金钢均具有良好的室温、高温拉伸性能,550℃拉伸屈服强度均大于380 MPa,为对应室温拉伸屈服强度的63%以上,其中加少量Nb元素的含Ti微合金钢高温和室温屈服强度比最高,达到0.77,具有优异的高温力学性能。     

TiC在Ti_2CS上形核生长的电镜观察及其取向关系的测定

为探讨与控制薄板坯连铸连轧工艺条件下碳化钛在钢中的析出行为,应用透射电子显微术(TEM)研究了纳米尺度TiC和Ti2CS析出相的结构及取向关系.结果表明,实验钢中Ti2CS的析出温度较TiC的高,先析出的Ti2CS可作为TiC的非自发形核地点.实验观察到细小TiC粒子在Ti2CS上生长的现象.电子衍射和X射线能谱(EDS)分析表明:TiC和Ti2CS之间的取向关系为{001}Ti2CS∥{111}TiC,〈100〉Ti2CS∥〈011-〉TiC.在TEM下还观察到以孪晶形式存在的TiC,孪晶面为(1-11-)面.总之,在钢中先行析出的Ti2CS和TiC粒子都可能成为新生成TiC的非自发形核地点,孪生和外延生长是TiC沉淀的两种重要机制.     

Mo、Ce对贝氏体钢第二相及组织与硬度的影响

为了明确Mo、Ce、Ti在贝氏体钢中的作用,采用热力学计算结合试验,研究含钛贝氏体钢中Mo和Ce对钢中第二相析出、组织转变及性能的影响机制。结果表明,贝氏体钢中加入Mo后,部分固溶于钢基体中,部分以碳化钼的形式析出,Ti以C₂S₂Ti₄析出为主,Ce在钢中以Ce₂O₃和Ce₂O₂S的形式存在,加Ce后Ti的第二相析出以TiC为主;Mo的加入使Ti(C,N)析出量增加了13.12%,平均粒径减小了0.043 μm,Ce的加入使Ti(C,N)的析出量增加了28.97%,粒径减小了0.104 μm;Mo和Ce使组织中残余奥氏体分别增加了1.13%和0.77%,但微观组织均为粒状贝氏体(GB)+板条状马氏体(M)+残余奥氏体(A_γ),Mo和Ce加入后硬度分别增加了54.5和27HV。     

氮含量对稀土钢中夹杂析出热力学的探究

为了探究N含稀土Q345钢中杂质析出的影响,利用热力学软件Fact-Sage对Ti、Ce、N不同含量的Q345钢成分进行计算分析,计算得出不同N含量对各种夹杂析出量的影响。得到随着Ce或Ti含量的增加,含Ce硫化物的转变顺序为Ce₂S₃→Ce₃S₄→CeS。特别是含Ti第二相、铈化合物的析出温度曲线与固溶温度曲线部分的研究,N含量(质量分数)的增加促进了TiN的析出,N含量增加0.01%时,TiN的析出量增加了341.93%,同时也促进了Ce₂O₂S和Ce₂S₃的析出,抑制了TiC、C₂S₂Ti₄的析出,N的百分质量增加0.01%时,TiC的析出量较少了42.73%。N含量的增加使得TiN、TiC在液相凝固时析出的温度提前了3.5℃,且钢液的完全凝固温度降低了3.7℃。     

700MPa含Nb-Ti高强钢铸坯热塑性与析出物分析

为研究Nb和Ti的添加对700 MPa级含Nb-Ti高强钢凝固过程析出物及铸坯高温塑性的影响,采用Gleeble-3500测试其高温力学性能,并用扫描电镜和能谱仪对其断口形貌和析出物进行观察与分析。利用Thermo-calc热力学软件研究含Nb-Ti高强钢凝固过程中析出物的种类和析出温度。由高温拉伸测试结果知Nb的添加使700MPa高强钢铸坯的第Ⅲ脆性区温度范围增宽且向高温方向延伸(725~925℃)。计算得知700 MPa级含Nb-Ti高强钢凝固过程中会析出Nb、Ti碳氮化物。1 100℃左右700 MPa级含Nb-Ti高强钢中含Nb C的面心立方相大量析出是导致铸坯塑性快速下降的原因。835℃左右,由于发生γ→α相变,铸坯塑性进一步降低。当共析转变结束(655℃左右),铸坯塑性恢复。以上研究为减少700 MPa级含Nb-Ti高强钢铸坯裂纹提供了参考数据。     

CSP热轧工艺对Ti微合金化钢组织和性能的影响

采用金相显微镜、电子显微镜、化学相分析等手段研究了CSP热轧工艺对Ti微合金化高强钢组织和性能的影响。结果表明:880℃终轧、620℃卷取试验钢的屈服和抗拉强度分别为825、895 MPa,钢中存在大量的纳米尺寸TiC粒子,其沉淀强化效果超过150 MPa;卷取温度降低到580℃,TiC的析出受到抑制,沉淀强化效果明显减弱。卷取温度显著影响钢中第二相粒子的析出过程,终轧温度和卷取温度改变对晶粒尺寸也有影响,两者综合作用的结果使Ti微合金化钢的强度和韧性发生变化。     

Ti微合金化高强耐候钢的析出相观察和物理化学相分析

通过TEM和物理化学相分析手段定量研究了Ti微合金化高强耐候钢中析出相的结构、形貌、粒度和质量分数。研究结果表明：Ti微合金化高强耐候钢中的析出相有Ti（C，N）、TiC、TiN和Ti4C2S2；析出强化的强度随着析出粒子质量分数的增加和粒径的减小而增加，小于10nm的析出粒子对强度的贡献比较大；较低的卷取温度将会抑制TiC粒子的析出，从而降低析出强化的作用。     

超快速冷却条件下Ti 微合金钢中纳米碳化物及其强化作用

具有较高强度的Ti微合金钢已广泛应用于国民经济及国防工业的各个领域.针对超快速冷却条件下（轧制冷却速度高达64 ℃/s）的Ti微合金钢,采用无损电解提取技术获得Ti微合金钢中的纳米碳化物. 在此基础上,运用化学相分析、X射线小角散射及透射电镜综合分析纳米碳化物的物理化学特征,并考察其强化作用. 结果表明:Ti微合金钢中存在大量纳米尺寸的Fe_xC、TiC析出物,其平均粒度分别为76.06 nm和133.95 nm;同时,超快速冷却条件强化了Fe_xC的析出行为,使得其析出强化增量达到243.8 MPa,而TiC的析出强化增量仅为63.1 MPa;然而,钢中每增加0.01 %（质量分数）的TiC析出物（＜40 nm）却可大幅贡献强化增量77.1 MPa,远高于Fe_xC析出物（＜40 nm）的强化贡献量. 因此,强化TiC的析出行为在提高钢屈服强度方面具有重要潜力.      

Precipitation Strengthening by Nanometer-sized Carbides in Hot-rolled Ferritic Steels

The mechanical properties of the hot-rolled plates of Ti steel and Ti-Mo steel after isothermal transformation in a temperature range of 600 700 ℃ for 60 min have been tested, and the microstructures of the matrix and the characteristics of precipitated nanometer-sized carbides have also been examined by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The precipitation regularity of nanometer-sized carbides has been studied by thermodynamic method and the contributions of corresponding strengthening mechanisms to the total yield strength have been calculated. The tensile strength of hot-rolled Ti-Mo ferritie steel can achieve 780 MPa with an elongation of 20.0% after being isothermally treated at 600 ℃ for 60 rain, and the tensile strength of Ti steel is 605 MPa with an elongation of 22.7%, according to the results of tensile tests. The critical nucleation size of （Ti,Mo）C is smaller than that of TiC at a given isothermal temperature, but the nucleation rate of （Ti, Mo）C is larger than that of TiC. The grainrefinement strengthening and precipitation strengthening contribute the main amount of the total yield strength. The major increase in yield strength with the decrease of isothermal temperature results from the contribution of precipi tation strengthening. The contribution of precipitation strengthening to the yield strength of the steels has been esti mated. The ferrite phase can be strengthened by about 400 MPa through precipitation strengthening in Ti-Mo steel isothermally treated at 600 ℃ for 60 rain, which is about 200 MPa higher than that of Ti steel under the same conditions.     

Effect of Nb and Ti on second-phase precipitation and mechanical properties of 430 ferritic stainless steel

The influence of Ti and Nb on the microstructure,mechanical properties,and second-phase precipitation of 430 ferritic stainless steel was investigated.In addition to optical microscopy,transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analyses,tensile tests,and carbonitride extraction experiments were conducted to investigate the microscopic mechanisms.The results showed that the primary precipitates in SUS 430 ferritic stainless steel were Cr_(23)C_6,Mn_(23)C_6,and Cr_7C_3,and the primary strengthening mechanism was precipitation strengthening.When Ti was added separately,the main precipitates were TiC and TiN.However,coarse TiC adversely affected the mechanical properties of steel.When double-stabilized with Ti and Nb,coarse TiC was replaced by fine NbC.The type of precipitation was altered,and precipitation and solid solution strengthening occurred.Therefore,the tensile strength and plastic strain ratio(r-value) improved to 433.60 MPa and 1.37,respectively.     

Ti-V-Mo微合金化22MnB5钢中析出相及其强化作用

使用温成形替代热成形可以避免热成形过程中表面氧化等问题,但热成形常用22MnB5钢在高温回火后出现明显的软化现象.而通过向钢中添加Ti、V、Mo等微合金元素可以在钢中形成细小的析出相以及细化晶粒,起到提高强度的作用,从而可以解决该问题.因此,通过在22MnB5钢中添加Ti、V、Mo微合金元素,利用OM(光学显微镜)、F...     

低碳Nb-Ti二元微合金钢析出过程的演变

建立规则溶液亚点阵模型计算了不同温度(1073~1523 K)下低碳Nb-Ti二元微合金钢(Nb质量分数为0.023%,Ti质量分数为0.012%)中碳氮化物析出相的平衡摩尔分数、化学驱动力和各组元摩尔分数,对微合金钢中析出粒子演变规律进行研究,并利用透射电镜观察及能谱分析验证这种析出模式.计算结果表明,1523 K下析出粒子化学式组成为(Nb_0.15Ti_0.85)(C_0.16N_0.84),由富Ti的析出物逐渐过渡至Nb-Ti均匀析出,析出粒子演变顺序为(Nb_0.15Ti_0.85)(C_0.16N_0.84)、(Nb_xTi_1-x)(C_yN_1-y)和(Nb_0.5Ti_0.5)(C_0.56N_0.44),与实验结果符合较好.随着温度降低,Ti/Nb质量比逐渐减小,得到的TiC比NbC更难溶.对均匀形核及位错处形核的临界核心尺寸和相对形核速率进行计算,得到最大形核率即可获得最细小第二相尺寸的温度.      

Kinetics of Precipitation Behavior of Second Phase Particles in Ferritic Ti-Mo Microalloyed Steel

 Two types of stress relaxation tests were carried out to investigate the incubation time for incipient precipitation of Ti(C,N) in deformed austenite and (Ti,Mo)C in ferrite of ferritic Ti-Mo microalloyed steel. The size distribution, amount and chemical composition of precipitates were obtained by using physicochemical phase analysis, and calculated according to thermodynamics and kinetics. The experimental results demonstrated that the incubation time was reduced with increasing Ti content, and prolonged with the addition of Mo. After 30% deformation at 850 ℃, the nucleation of strain-induced Ti(C,N) was a relatively slow process. On the other hand, the temperature where the nucleation rate of (Ti,Mo)C in ferrite was the highest descended first and then ascended with increasing Ti content, and so did the temperature where the incubation time was the shortest. The key point is that the temperature of steel containing about 0. 09% Ti is the lowest. The mass fraction of MC-type particles with size smaller than 10 nm in steel containing 0. 09% Ti and 0. 2% Mo reached 73. 7%. The size distributions of precipitates in steel containing 0. 09% Ti were relatively concentrated compared with that in steel containing 0. 07% Ti.     

高钛钢中TiC析出机制

通过凝固实验并结合Thermo-Calc软件研究了高钛钢(Ti 质量分数为0.6％)在凝固过程中 TiC 的析出方式及形态.结果表明：由于选分结晶的作用,TiC在凝固最后阶段沿着原始奥氏体晶界析出,并形成离异共晶组织,以片状或杆状形式存在,析出相厚度约为1~3μm.Mo 溶入 TiC 后形成(Ti,Mo)C,相分析数据表明,Ti/Mo 质量比为3.4.采用热力学软件及TiC溶解度积分别得出TiC开始析出温度分别为1453及1487℃,析出温度略高于固相线温度,析出质量分数可以达到0.35％.     

钛微合金化高强钢的组织性能及强化机制

 为了掌握钛微合金化高强钢的组织性能、第二相粒子特性和析出规律以及强化机制,采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、透射电镜、拉伸试验机等设备并结合热力学计算,对高强度汽车车厢板进行了系统研究。研究结果表明,试验钢的显微组织类型主要为多边形铁素体+针状铁素体+少量索氏体,平均有效晶粒尺寸约为3.5 μm。钢中存在大量的球形TiC和少量的不规则形状Ti4C2S2及方形TiN析出物,析出顺序为TiN→Ti4C2S2→TiC。第二相析出物以TiC的沉淀强化效果最为显著,TiN和Ti4C2S2的沉淀强化效果十分微弱。试验钢中所有强化方式对试验钢的强度贡献大小顺序为细晶强化＞沉淀强化＞位错强化＞固溶强化＞晶格点阵强化,其中细晶强化和沉淀强化的强化效果最为显著,对屈服强度的贡献超过50%。