非化学计量(La_(0.6)Sr_(0.4))_xCo_(0.2)Fe_(0.8)O_(3-δ)阴极材料的制备与性能

采用溶胶凝胶法制备(La_(0.6)Sr_(0.4))_xCo_(0.2)Fe_(0.8)O_(3-δ)(x=0.95,0.97,1.00,1.03,1.05)系列阴极材料。采用X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对其结构和微观形貌进行表征,交流阻抗谱(EIS)测试样品的导电性能。结果表明,样品经750℃烧结3h形成斜方钙钛矿结构,A位非化学计量可明显降低阴极的极化电阻。在700℃时,x=1.05的样品界面极化电阻为0.086 3Ω·cm2,相比x=1.00的样品降低了50%,(La_(0.6)Sr_(0.4))_xCo_(0.2)Fe_(0.8)O_(3-δ)材料是一种电化学性能较为优良的中温固体氧化物燃料电池阴极材料。     

La0.67Sr0.33Mn0.7Fe0.3O3的制备及其光催化性能研究

采用溶胶—凝胶燃烧法制备了纳米级钙钛矿型复合氧化物La_0.67Sr_0.33Mn_0.7Fe_0.3O₃,通过XRD、SEM对样品的物相和形貌进行表征,结果表明所得La_0.67Sr_0.33Mn_0.7Fe_0.3O₃样品为钙钛矿结构,直径约为50纳米,长度为1μm.以350 W氙灯做光源,催化降解亚甲基蓝水溶液,反应6 h,降解率达到96%.     

Co~(2+)/La~(3+)离子掺杂锶铁氧体对介电性能的影响

通过自蔓延燃烧法成功制备了SrFe_(12)O_(19)、Sr_(0.95)La_(0.05)Fe_(12)O_(19)和Sr_(0.95)La_(0.05)Co_(0.2)Fe_(11.8)O_(19)铁氧体,用X射线衍射仪(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)表征了材料的结构和形貌,矢量网络分析仪测试了材料的介电性能和反射损耗。结果表明:三种铁氧体粒径均在150nm左右,La~(3+)和Co~(2+)离子的掺杂使锶铁氧体结晶度提高。在2.0~20.0GHz频率范围内,SrFe_(12)O_(19)的反射损耗在0.47dB到-0.12dB之间,Sr_(0.95)La_(0.05)Fe_(12)O_(19)的反射损耗在0.17dB到-0.46dB之间,Sr_(0.95)La_(0.05)Fe_(11.8)Co_(0.2)O_(19)的反射损耗在0.39dB到-0.21dB之间。     

La_(0.8)M_(0.2)CrO_3(M=Ca,Mg,Sr)对硫—氧燃料电池催化性能的影响

通过共沉淀法制备得到La_(0.8)M_(0.2)CrO_3(M=Ca,Mg,Sr)作为阳极催化剂,分别以钇稳定氧化锆(YSZ)粉体和La_(0.6)Sr_(0.4)Co_(0.2)Fe_(0.8)O_(3-δ)(LSCF)粉体作为硫—氧燃料电池的电解质材料和阴极材料。发现在700～800℃时,La_(0.8)Ca_(0.2)CrO_3对硫—氧燃料电池具有明显的催化效果,测得800℃时单电池开路电压为560 mV。La_(0.8)M_(0.2)CrO_3(M=Ca,Mg,Sr)作为硫—氧燃料电池的阳极催化剂,催化效果为:La_(0.8)Ca_(0.2)CrO_3La_(0.8)Mg_(0.2)CrO_3La_(0.8)Sr_(0.2)CrO_3。     

La位Y掺杂对亚锰酸盐La0.7 Sr0.3 MnO3低场磁电阻影响

针对钙钛矿亚锰酸盐在较低磁场下的磁电阻效应,采用固相反应法制备了亚锰酸盐多晶样品La_(0.7-x)Y_xSr_(0.3)MnO_3(x=0, 0.1, 0.2),测量了两个样品(x=0, 0.2)的X射线衍射谱及3个样品(x=0, 0.1, 0.2)在未加磁场和加0.25 T磁场的电阻-温度(R-T)曲线和磁电阻-温度(MR-T)曲线,分析了La位Y掺杂对样品低场磁电阻效应的影响。实验结果表明,样品La_(0.7)Sr_(0.3)MnO_3的晶体结构由立方结构向四方结构畸变,样品La_(0.5)Y_(0.2)Sr_(0.3)MnO_3为立方结构。随着La位Y掺杂量从x=0增加到x=0.2,晶格常数减小。在实验温区内,3个样品的R-T曲线没有出现金属-绝缘体转变峰,呈现出金属电阻温度特性。在相同的温度下,3个样品在加磁场时的电阻比未加磁场时的电阻要小,表现为负磁电阻。3个样品的MR-T曲线没有出现峰值温度T_P,磁电阻的大小随温度的降低而增加。在0.25 T磁场下,3个样品在实验温区都具有明显的低场磁电阻效应。为钙钛矿亚锰酸盐在磁电子学领域的应用研究提供了重要参考。     

Structures and Properties of La_(0.8)Sr_(0.2)MnO_(3+σ)~(-z) SBA-15(z=0, 1, 2, 4) Perovskite Catalysts

Mesoporous La_(0.8)Sr_(0.2)MnO_(3+σ)/z SBA-15(z = 1, 2, 4) perovskite oxides were synthesized via hard-templating with ordered mesoporous silica SBA-15 as the template. The as-prepared samples were characterized by XRD, SEM, AFM, BET, and XPS and the catalytic activity was tested for CO oxidation. The wide-angle XRD patterns showed that La_(0.8)Sr_(0.2)MnO_(3+σ) perovskite was formed. The SEM and AFM analyses exhibited that La_(0.8)Sr_(0.2)MnO_(3+σ) by hard-templating method had much smaller particle size(18 nm) than that(40 nm) by the sol-gel method. The perovskite-type oxides La_(0.8)Sr_(0.2)MnO_(3+σ)/z SBA-15(z = 1, 2, 4) also displayed a higher BET surface area from 70 to 143.7 m~2/g and a disordered mesostructure from nitrogen sorption analysis, as well as a small-angle XRD pattern. Moreover, the La_(0.8)Sr_(0.2)MnO_(3+σ)/z SBA-15(z = 1, 2, 4) perovskite exhibited a much higher activity in CO oxidation than the conventional La_(0.8)Sr_(0.2)MnO_(3+σ) perovskite. Further analysis by the means of XPS techniques indicated that the existence of high content of O_(ads)/O_(latt) species contributed to the high activity.     

纳米Fe_3O_4/超支化聚合物制备及性能

为了提高纳米Fe_3O_4的分散性,以马来酸酐改性超支化聚合物(简称超支化物)为模板,采用原位共沉淀法制备纳米Fe_3O_4/超支化物(Fe_3O_4/HB),并将Fe_3O_4/HB应用于催化双氧水降解染料。分析了铁盐比例(nFe2+∶nFe3+)、超支化物与FeCl2质量比(mHB∶mFeCl2)、吸附配位反应时间和共沉淀反应pH值对纳米Fe_3O_4粒径的影响,并对纳米Fe_3O_4/HB催化降解性能进行了测试。结果表明:纳米Fe_3O_4/HB制备的优化条件为:nFe2+∶nFe3+为1∶1.8,mHB∶mFeCl2为7.5∶1,吸附配位反应时间4h,共沉淀反应pH值为11,所得纳米Fe_3O_4平均粒径为116.3nm。Fe_3O_4/HB在中性条件下催化双氧水降解活性KN-G 60min,其降解率可达到99.8%。相比于无超支化物为模板制备的纳米Fe_3O_4,实验所得纳米Fe_3O_4粒径小,分散性和催化降解性能明显提高。     

(Sr_(1-3x/2)La_x)TiO_3(x=0.2～0.5)陶瓷的显微组织结构及微波介电性能研究

通过固相反应法制备(Sr_(1-3x/2)La_x) TiO_3(x=0.2～0.5)复合体系微波介质陶瓷,并对其显微组织结构、晶体结构及微波介电性能进行研究。XRD结果表明(Sr_(1-3x/2)La_x) TiO_3系微波介质陶瓷为六方晶系钙钛矿结构。显微组织结构表明陶瓷的晶粒尺寸随着烧结温度的提高而增大,气孔呈现先减少后增多的趋势,并且陶瓷的晶界在高温过烧时出现晶界明显扩张的现象。介电性能结果表明陶瓷的密度、介电常数和品质因数均随烧结温度的提高先增大后减小,谐振频率温度系数和热膨胀系数则呈现与之相反的变化趋势,同时除密度在1 450℃下取得最值外其余各检测值均在1500℃下取得最值。在烧结温度为1 500℃时,(Sr_(0.55)La_(0.3)) TiO_3陶瓷具有致密的结构、清晰明显的晶界、气孔数量较少,平均晶粒尺寸为14.24μm,此时(Sr_(0.55)La_(0.3)) TiO_3陶瓷具有优良的介电性能:Q×f=8960.43GHz,ε_r=60.54,τ_f=16 ppm/℃。     

非计量合成LiMn0.8Fe0.2PO4正极材料的电化学性能研究

采用固相法合成了LiMn_(0.8)Fe_(0.2)PO_4/C、Li(Mn_(0.8)Fe_(0.2))_(0.94)P_(0.97)O_4/C、Li(Mn_(0.8)Fe_(0.2))_(0.9)P_(0.95)O_4/C和Li(Mn_(0.8)Fe_(0.2))_(0.86)P_(0.93)O_4/C四个复合正极材料.通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和电化学性能测试对材料的晶体结构、颗粒形貌和电化学性能进行了研究.结果表明:非计量合成的样品与计量合成的样品晶体结构没有明显差异,样品中都没有观察到Li_4P_2O_7衍射峰.非计量合成的样品一次颗粒的完整性不好,LiMn_(0.8)Fe_(0.2)PO_4/C材料具有最佳的大倍率放电性能.     

钙钛矿型La_(0.67)Sr_(0.33)Mn_(1-x)Fe_xO_3的室温磁热效应和磁致伸缩效应

采用溶胶-凝胶工艺制备了La0.67Sr0.33Mn1-xFexO3多晶样品,并研究了其晶体结构、磁热效应及室温下的磁致伸缩效应.其X射线衍射谱表明,所有样品均为钙钛矿结构单相,分析表明,随Fe含量的增加,材料的铁磁居里温度(TC)下降,磁致伸缩系数先增加后降低.     

煅烧温度对多组分SrFe_(0.5)CoO_(3-δ)氧化物结构的影响(英文)

采用柠檬酸法合成了多组分的SrFe_(0.5)CoO_(3-δ)氧化物,并分析了锻烧温度对样品结构的影响。实验结果显示不同锻烧温度后所得样品主要由钙钛矿结构的SrFe_(0.5)Co_(0.5)O_3构成,随着锻烧温度的降低,样品的杂相减少,而钙钛矿结构的SrFe_(0.5)Co_(0.5)O_3相衍射峰的强度也有所降低,锻烧温度为1200℃时所得样品由高纯钙钛矿结构的SrFe_(0.5)Co_(0.5)O_3晶相构成。随着锻烧温度的降低,无规则形态结构样品的粒子尺寸随之降低。     

La_(0.7)Sr_(0.15)Ca_(0.15)Co_(0.4)Fe_(0.6)O_(3-δ)合成工艺对其电性能的影响

分别采用反向共沉淀法和柠檬酸法合成La_(0.7)Sr_(0.15)Ca_(0.15)Co_(0.4)Fe_(0.6)O_(3-δ)(LSCCF)粉料,利用XRD、SEM和四极探针技术对其特性进行了研究。结果表明,柠檬酸法和反向共沉淀法合成制备的LSCCF粉料平均粒度分别为16.5和19.7nm,反向共沉淀法制备的晶粒尺寸较大,不利于后续粉料的烧结。电导率随温度升高而升高,到655℃,柠檬酸法制备的LSCCF电导率达到最大值776S/cm。模压法组装了(NiO-SDC|SDC|LSCCF-SDC)单电池,650℃时,柠檬酸法制备的LSCCF阴极材料的输出功率达到最大值385mW/cm2,反向共沉淀法制备的阴极材料的输出功率达到最大值350mW/cm2。在(NiOSDC|SDC|LSCCF-SDC)单电池电性能方面,柠檬酸法要优于反向共沉淀法。     

球形LiNi_(0.6)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.2)O_2的制备及其电化学性能

通过共沉淀法合成的球形Ni_(0.6)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.2)(OH)_2前驱体与LiOH·H_2O均匀混合,经高温固相反应合成了层状结构球形LiNi_(0.6)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.2)O_2。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对不同形成时间的球形前驱体形貌观察,结果表明:Ni_(0.6)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.2)(OH)_2前驱体是由无数微小的纳米片由内而外竖向聚集而形成的二次颗粒,其形成经历了由疏松逐渐变致密的过程。经过高温锂化之后,一次结构由纳米层片转变为纳米颗粒,球状二次颗粒形貌未发生明显改变。X-射线衍射(XRD)测试结果表明:与普通溶胶凝胶法的LiNi_(0.6)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.2)O_2样品相比,球形LiNi_(0.6)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.2)O_2具有更加完整的层状结构。充放电测试结果表明:球形LiNi_(0.6)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.2)O_2具有更高的比容量、更好的循环稳定性、更好的倍率性能。球形LiNi_(0.6)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.2)O_2在0.2C(1C=160mA·g~(-1))时的放电容量达到186.2mA·h·g~(-1),0.5C时达到158.9mA·h·g~(-1),1C时达到129.0mA·h·g~(-1),100次循环后仍然可以保留88.9%的容量。     

疏水性Fe_3O_4纳米粒子与双亲性嵌段共聚物(PVP-b-PMMA)的自组装

以乙酰丙酮铁为铁源,用热分解法制备疏水性四氧化三铁(Fe_3O_4)纳米粒子,将N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮与甲基丙烯酸甲酯嵌段共聚物(PVP-b-PMMA)与疏水性的Fe_3O_4纳米粒子进行自组装,并采用透射电镜(TEM)、红外光谱(FT-IR)、热重(TGA)分析和动态光散射(DLS)等方法对产物结构进行表征.结果表明:所合成的Fe_3O_4纳米粒子表面物理吸附和化学键合了一层油胺分子,在二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)溶液中具有很好的分散性,且平均粒径为8.2 nm;在自组装过程中疏水性的Fe_3O_4纳米粒子能够很好地进入到胶束的内部,并均匀分散在胶束的内腔中.     

Fe_3O_4-Au功能纳米复合材料的制备及催化性能

本文采用多步合成的方法制备出Fe_3O_4-Au功能纳米复合材料,通过SEM、UV-VIS等对样品形貌、光学性能进行了表征,并将其作为催化剂研究其催化性能。结果表明:当Fe_3O_4-Au功能纳米复合材料作为催化剂时,对硝基苯酚的降解率99%,反应速率常数为0.183 s-1。并且在重复使用8次之后降解率仍能达到98%以上。因此,Fe_3O_4-Au功能纳米复合材料在水处理领域有广阔的实际应用前景。     

磁性Fe3O4微球的溶剂热法合成及光芬顿性能优化

为探究Fe_3O_4微球的光芬顿性能,在200℃条件下,利用溶剂热法成功制备出具有较好分散性、平均粒径(200±0.5)nm的Fe_3O_4微球,并通过对其原料配比的探究进行样品优化.该合成方法所制备出的Fe_3O_4微球在Photo-Fenton降解亚甲基蓝方面有优秀的性能,降解率达95%甚至以上.此外,Fe_3O_4微球具有易回收的优点,仅利用磁场即可将其分离,且回收率超过85%甚至90%.利用回收后的Fe_3O_4微球探究其重复利用率,结果表明,重复利用过程中样品催化降解效率与第一次使用时几乎相同.本研究探究了该样品降解亚甲基蓝的最佳反应条件,其中当反应体系中加入15 mL过氧化氢且为酸性环境下降解效率达到最大.     

Direct Synthesis of Al_2O_3-modified Li(Ni_(0.5)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.3))O_2 Cathode Materials for Lithium Ion Batteries

To improve the cyclic stability at high temperature and thermal stability, the spherical Al_2O_3-modified Li(Ni_(0.5)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.3))O_2 was synthesized by a modified co-precipitation method, and the physical and electrochemical properties were studied. The TEM images showed that Li(Ni_(0.5)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.3))O_2 was modified successfully with nano-Al_2O_3. The discharge capacity retention of Al_2O_3-modified Li(Ni_(0.5)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.3))O_2 maintained about 99% after 200 cycles at high temperature(55 ℃), while that of the bare one was only 86%. Also, unlike bare Li(Ni_(0.5)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.3))O_2, the Al_2O_3-modified material cathode exhibited good thermal stability.     

La_(1-x)Sr_xCo_(1-y)Mo_yO_3催化氧化活性及抗硫性能的研究

对La_(1-x)Sr_xCo_(1-y)Mo_yO_3氧化型催化剂的化学性能进行了研究,结果表明改变它的化学组成则会影响其催化性能。当A位Sr~(2+)含量或B位Mo~(6+)含量增加时,它们使正己烷的氧化活性及抗硫性能均有所提高。性能最好的催化剂是La_(0.6)Sr_(0.4)Co_(0.9)Mo(0.02)O_3。该催化剂有希望用于含硫废气的治理。     

Preparation of M_2O_3-CeO_2(M=La,Fe,and Al) Compoundoxide Catalyst and Its Degradation Performance

As one of the most active rare earths,CeO_2 has caused extensive concern due to its multifunctional properties.CeO_2-based compound oxide of M_2O_3-CeO_2 (M=La,Fe,and Al) were prepared by coprecipitation and impregnation methods.The photocatalytic performance of the samples for the degradation methylene blue was studied under UV and visible light irradiation.The effects of constituents on the properties of the CeO_2-based catalysts were investigated by XRD,TEM,BET,and UV-Vis spectrophotometer.The highest degradation of methylene blue under 230W UV light was almost 100% at 50 min by La_2O_3/Fe_2O_3-CeO_2/γ-Al_2O_3 catalyst and 99.42% at 50 min by Fe_2O_3-CeO_2/γ-Al_2O_3 catalyst.The methylene blue removal efficiency under indoor natural light reaches 93.81% by La_2O_3/Fe_2O_3-CeO_2/γ-Al_2O_3 catalyst and 92.34% by Fe_2O_3-CeO_2/γ-Al_2O_3 catalyst at 50 min.The order of catalytic degradation activity is La_2O_3/Fe_2O_3-CeO_2/γ-Al_2O_3Fe_2O_3-CeO_2/γ-Al_2O_3La_2O_3-CeO_2/γ-Al_2O_3Al_2O_3,owing to their structural features.The doping of La~(3+) or Fe~(3+) onto CeO_2/γ-Al_2O produced much more oxygen vacancies under light irradiation and reduced the energy laps of CeO_2 with value of 2.86 ev,which improved the photocatalytic redox performance of the composite oxide.     

CoFe_2O_4/Ba_(0.8)Sr_(0.2)TiO_3异质结磁电复合薄膜的制备与多铁性能

利用射频磁控溅射法在Pt(200)/TiO_2/SiO_2/Si衬底上沉积CoFe_2O_4/Ba_(0.8)Sr_(0.2)TiO_3异质结层状磁电复合薄膜(Ba_(0.8)Sr_(0.2)TiO_3作为底层,CoFe_2O_4作为顶层)。X射线衍射表明CoFe_2O_4/Ba_(0.8)Sr_(0.2)TiO_3异质结复合薄膜是多晶的,由钙钛矿Ba_(0.8)Sr_(0.2)TiO_3相和尖晶石Co Fe2O4相组成。场发射扫描电镜表明在CoFe_2O_4薄膜和Ba_(0.8)Sr_(0.2)TiO_3薄膜之间有明显的界面。复合薄膜的介电常数随频率的变化关系显示了介电色散。复合薄膜表现为良好的铁电性和铁磁性共存。另外,复合薄膜具有直接的磁电耦合效应,磁电电压系数αE先随着偏置磁场Hdc的增大而增大,当偏置磁场Hdc增加到5.6 k Oe,复合薄膜达到最大的磁电电压系数,其值αE=8.7 m V/(cm·Oe),然后随着偏置磁场Hdc的进一步增大,磁电电压系数αE反而减小。