An iterative analysis of supervisory and group dimensions.

A 108-item supervisory-relationships questionnaire administered to 100 civilian tradesmen was subjected to a modified Wherry-Gaylord iterative analysis procedure. Eight groups of items were identified: Lack of Arbitrariness, Communication, Safety Enforcement, Social Nearness, Congenial Work Group, Informal Control, Group Unity, and Pride in Work Group. The list of items, with their correlations with the item-pools, is given. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Social adjustment in victims of sexual assault.

93 rape victims (aged 15–71 yrs) were seen approximately 2 wks after the assault and at 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12 mo postrape. A matched control group of nonvictims was seen at the same intervals. To control for the effects of repeated testing, 3 additional groups with 72 victims were assessed only once at either 2, 4, or 8 mo postrape. All Ss completed the Social Adjustment Scale–Self Report, which yielded a total adjustment score as well as subscale scores for 5 areas of adjustment: Work; Economic; Social and Leisure; Marital, Parental, and Family Unit; and Extended Family. Ss exhibited disruption in overall social adjustment and most of the subscale roles for the first few months following their assaults. By 4 mo postrape, most of the subscales had stabilized at levels similar to the nonvictims'. Work adjustment continued to be affected through 8 mo postrape. Single-testing control victims appeared to have more problems in social adjustment, particularly with regard to relationships with relatives. (14 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Pattern A, achievement striving, and scientific merit: Does pattern A help or hinder?

Clinical observations and recent theorizing offer 2 opposing predictions about the relationship between the Type A behavior pattern and the merit of one's work: (a) Type A helps; (b) Type A hinders. To test these 2 possibilities, 118 male members of the Society of Experimental Social Psychologists completed the Jenkins Activity Survey for Health Prediction and the Work and Family Orientation Questionnaire. Ss' citation scores were derived from the Social Science Citation Index 1973–1975. Assuming that citations are a rough measure of meritorious work, results reveal that Type A behavior by men was associated with superior scientific work. (29 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Tell me what you are like--a study of mentorship conferences in health and social work graduate studies

The purpose of this study was to investigate educational systems with regard to mentoring practice in two Schools of Health and a School of Social Work. Student-mentor interaction, notably mentor receptiveness, was studied through storytelling and discourse analysis from a practical/theoretical perspective. The study revealed that clinical mentors competencies are insufficient. As would be expected, clinical mentors, however, are superior to college teachers in practical mentoring situations. The study is based on observations of six different mentoring situations in three different groups/contexts.     

Attitudes toward disabled persons as a function of social context and specific disability.

191 nondisabled 18–64 yr olds completed the Disability Social Relationship Scale, which includes social situation subscales of Work, Dating, and Marriage, and disability subscales of Amputee, Epilepsy, Cerebral Palsy, and Blind. Results reveal significant differences across social situations and among specific disabilities, as well as a significant interaction between social situation and disability. Thus, situational context affects attitudes toward disabled persons. (26 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The prediction of academic achievement with the California Psychological Inventory.

An attempt to use the California Psychological Inventory to predict the academic grades of students in 3 military courses: Neuropsychiatric, Clinical Psychology, and Social Work Procedures. The data indicated that a combination of the Achievement via Independence scale of the California Psychological Inventory and the General Technical score from the Army Classification Battery, makes an effective instrument for screening students for admittance to these courses. The predicted criterion scores, obtaned from 2 multiple prediction equations, were correlated with the academic grades achieved by students in 2 samples (N = 98; N = 64). The obtained r's were .610 and .600 (p     

A Study of the Social Security Work Incentives and Their Relation to Perceived Barriers to Work Among Persons With Psychiatric Disability.

Objective: To study use and awareness of the Social Security Work Incentives (SSWIs) and to obtain empirical data on barriers to returning to work. Study Design: Using parallel surveys and multiple sampling and recruitment strategies, the authors administered a brief survey about the SSWIs. Participants: Persons with a psychiatric disability (n=539), service providers (n=120), and family members (n=174). Results: All groups registered the greatest concern about the loss of health insurance; this and other concerns were perceived as serious barriers to returning to work. There were differences in the perceptions of the 3 groups about the importance of disincentives to work and differences among consumers by demographic characteristics. Conclusions: Consumers, family members, and providers of services need more information about the work incentives, particularly if the goals of the new Ticket to Work legislation are to be realized. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Driver fatigue in the city

The current survey investigates the features of driver fatigue incidents (accidents, near accidents and unintentional drifting-out-of-lane events) which occurred in cities. The results show similar patterns to previous surveys, with incident trips tending to be short, and prior sleep loss and late night driving featuring as factors. Work trips feature very strongly among city fatigue incident trips and work is also a common reason for sleep loss before a fatigue incident. Consistent with the high representation of work trips, there are peaks in incident occurrence at commuter travel times. Shiftworkers are prominent amongst fatigue incident-involved drivers. Social trips also feature amongst fatigue incident trips but are likely to be more difficult to address with countermeasures.     

三道庄露天矿数字化采矿平台的构建

利用GIS、GPS、GPRS技术绑定作业设备,在SURPAC、CAD软件的辅助下形成一个由六个子系统链接而成的数字化采矿平台。在计划编制、计划实施、信息反馈和统计计量过程中实现露天矿采矿活动的自动化采集和监控。主要介绍了采矿平台的构成、子系统的特点及其开发的技术要点,通过数字化监控使企业更好地控制和管理矿山的生产全过程。     

Use of a biographical inventory to predict schizophrenics' posthospital employment and readmission.

Factor analyzed the posttreatment scores of 720 male schizophrenics on L. Ullman and J. Giovannoni's Palo Alto Social Background Inventory (PASBI). Factor scales and PASBI-derived Process-Reactive scale were then correlated with employment and readmission. Analysis yielded 10 factors reflecting perceived degree of disability, interpersonal orientations, regularity of employment, extent of previous hospitalization, and demographic characteristics. The bulk of the explained variance of posthospital work was accounted for by chronicity, perception of disability, and marital affiliation. The PASBI scales were not related to readmission. Work and readmission were only minimally (and negatively) related. Results support the utility of a self-administered historical inventory in making treatment decisions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Canadian psychology: Some social and applied emphases.

Recent concern with national identity has motivated an examination of possible relationships between features of Canadian society and the nature of applied and social Psychology. Experience with the production of a bibliography and book of readings in this area provided the background, necessary for a detailed discussion of the issues. A matrix of research questions was elaborated by crossing some special features of social and cultural life in Canada with the sub-disciplines of Social, Clinical, Educational and Work Psychology. It was concluded that there could be "a Canadian Psychology" in these social and applied areas, but that considerable effort is required before it is attained. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Positive talk training in an adult with traumatic brain injury

Social skills often create a barrier to placement in less restrictive environments for persons with TBI. This case study illustrated the use of a positive talk program in the treatment of a person with long-standing social skill deficits. Occupational therapy intervention with speech-language consultation began with an evaluation of the cognitive barriers that influenced the client's social behavior. Work with the client's concrete concept formation, decreased memory, and poor generalization skills led to the development of the positive talk training program described. Through an understanding of the underlying cognitive deficits that influenced the client's behavior, the clinical team was able to develop an individual treatment plan. The intervention resulted in modification of behavior that would have required placing the client in a restricted environment. In the final analysis, the client's social skills improved to a level where he could be discharged to a less restrictive environment.     

Review of Living in the shadow of the Freud family.

Reviews the book, Living in the shadow of the Freud family by Sophie Freud (see record 2007-07641-000). This book is fascinating for many reasons, not the least of which is that it is "written and edited" by Sophie Freud, Sigmund Freud's distinguished granddaughter, Professor Emerita of Social Work at Simmons College. The book will be of interest to anyone who wishes to learn more about the life and culture of the creator of psychoanalysis. The author challenges some of the assumptions made by Freud biographers, including the belief that his nursemaid stole pennies from the family, resulting in her firing and imprisonment. This book reveals the importance of writing. The author reminds us that the "psychological literature suggests that we should help old people to remember their childhood", and the book demonstrates the truth of this observation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Successfully predicting career success: An application of the biographical inventory.

555 participants who provided life history data as part of a larger study on the antecedents of success in real estate sales were contacted 2 yrs later to provide data on 12 measures of general occupational success. After the 2-yr period, Ss reflected a diversity of occupations and varying degrees of success. Success data were factor analyzed to derive 3 occupational success criterion composites: Job, Personal, and Career Success. The 72 items from the biographical inventory were factor analyzed separately. Multiple regression analysis was used to relate the resultant 5 biodata factors—Social Orientation, Economic Stability, Work Ethic Orientation, Educational Achievement, and Interpersonal Confidence—to the success composites. The factors accounted for significant proportions of criterion variance for all 3 composites. Regression weights were interpreted to explain the differential importance of the factors to the 3 areas of success. (26 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Prediction of work adjustment for adolescent male educable retardates.

Hypothesized that the client's perception of a positive relationship with his staff supervisor is predictive of a favorable work adjustment rating in a rehabilitation workshop. Both work adjustment and the client-perceived relationship were evaluated twice with a 1-mo interval using the Social Self-Esteem Scale, 20 items from the Barrett-Lennard Relationship Inventory, and the Minnesota Employment Satisfactoriness Inventory. Work adjustment and the client-perceived relationship were not related in 25 16-yr-old male educable retardates. However, high work adjustment ratings at the time of the 1st evaluation were predictive of staff-rated frequency of positive verbal interactions at the time of the 2nd evaluation. Additional findings of a relationship between social self-esteem and work adjustment were as predicted. An 18-mo follow-up indicated that good work adjustment in the workshop was predictive of successful placement in competitive employment. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Commentary: A revised view of local anesthetic action: what channel state is really stabilized?

Rigorously developed clinical practice guidelines have the potential to improve outcomes and favorably alter practice patterns. Because of widespread community concerns over the quality of dialysis care, the National Kidney Foundation initiated a Dialysis Outcomes Quality Initiative (NKF-DOQI) in March 1995 in an effort to create evidence-based best-practice clinical guidelines. Independent interdisciplinary Work Groups reviewed the available body of scientific literature on four selected topics: hemodialysis adequacy, peritoneal dialysis adequacy, vascular access, and anemia. More than 11,000 publications were identified, of which 1,500 were considered relevant and were subjected to structured review. Draft guidelines, with supporting rationales of their evidentiary basis, were subjected to a three-stage public and organizational review process. The final guidelines were issued in the fall of 1997. Because the potential benefit of guidelines depends on their implementation, planning for the implementation of NKF-DOQI was begun simultaneously with its review process. A 3-year implementation plan, with specific priorities and estimated costs, was developed and set into action by the end of 1997. The main objectives of the rather diverse and multifaceted plan of action are translating the NKF-DOQI Guidelines into clinical practice, building on what has been accomplished, and continued evaluation and review of the Guidelines.     

Validation of the Adolescent Drug Use Screening Inventory: Preliminary findings.

Documented the validity of the Substance Use and Psychiatric Disorder scales of the newly developed Drug Use Screening Inventory (DUSI). 25 adolescents (mean age 15.6 yrs) were administered the DUSI. Results were correlated with the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (K-SADS) and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-III-Revised (DSM-III-R) substance abuse symptoms. Significant positive correlations were observed between number of symptoms on the DSM-III—R checklist and severity scores on the Substance Use, Health Status, Psychiatric Disorder, Social Skills, Family System, School, Work, and Peer Relations scales of the DUSI. Number of psychiatric symptoms reported on the K-SADS correlated with severity scores on the Substance Use, Behavior Problems, Health Status, and Psychiatric Disorder scales of the DUSI. Drug use was also related to psychosocial disturbances in this sample of adolescents. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Relationships between birth category, achievement, and interpersonal orientation.

Generated hypotheses from theories about the processes underlying a child's relationships with parents and siblings. Birth category was defined in terms of 4 groups: only, firstborn, middle-born, and last born. 1,785 undergraduates were given the Work and Family Orientation Scale, Rotter's Internal–External Locus of Control Scale, Texas Social Behavior Inventory, and University of California Los Angeles Loneliness Scale. Birth category effects in achievement orientation were found with competitiveness and educational aspirations, but not with mastery, willingness to work, or personal unconcern about the costs of achievement. In terms of interpersonal orientation, birth category effects were obtained in locus of control, self-esteem, and self-centeredness, but not loneliness. The influence of gender, family size, and social class on these birth category effects was assessed. Results are discussed in terms of 3 types of processes: those brought about by parents, by sibling interaction, and by sibling absence. (44 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Social validation: A unifying concept for school-based consultation research and practice.

Argues for a unifying concept for consultation research and practice based on the principle of social validity. Social validity refers to the assessment of the social significance of goals of intervention procedures, the social acceptability of interventions to attain those goals, and the evaluation of the social importance of the effects produced by those intervention procedures. Social validity deals with 3 fundamental, but highly complex questions faced by school psychologists in their practice of consultation each day: What should be changed, how should it be changed, and how does one know if it was effective? These issues are discussed and specific recommendations are made for the consideration of social validity in the assessment, design, implementation, and evaluation of consultation-based interventions in the schools. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The 1954 Social Science Statement and school desegregation: A reply to Gerard.

Comments on H. B. Gerard's (see record 1984-07868-001) attack on the Social Science Statement that influenced the 1954 US Supreme Court desegregation decision. The present author asserts that Gerard misrepresented the content of the statement and was misleading in his appraisal of school desegregation. Although social science has been underutilized in the development and implementation of public policy, it is suggested that its actual and potential role is more extensive than Gerard claimed. (74 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)