Practical Foldover‐Free Volumetric Mapping Construction

In this paper, we present a practically robust method for computing foldover‐free volumetric mappings with hard linear constraints. Central to this approach is a projection algorithm that monotonically and efficiently decreases the distance from the mapping to the bounded conformal distortion mapping space. After projection, the conformal distortion of the updated mapping tends to be below the given bound, thereby significantly reducing foldovers. Since it is non‐trivial to define an optimal bound, we introduce a practical conformal distortion bound generation scheme to facilitate subsequent projections. By iteratively generating conformal distortion bounds and trying to project mappings into bounded conformal distortion spaces monotonically, our algorithm achieves high‐quality foldover‐free volumetric mappings with strong practical robustness and high efficiency. Compared with existing methods, our method computes mesh‐based and meshless volumetric mappings with no prescribed conformal distortion bounds. We demonstrate the efficacy and efficiency of our method through a variety of geometric processing tasks.     

The Beam Radiance Estimate for Volumetric Photon Mapping

We present a new method for efficiently simulating the scattering of light within participating media. Using a theoretical reformulation of volumetric photon mapping, we develop a novel photon gathering technique for participating media. Traditional volumetric photon mapping samples the in‐scattered radiance at numerous points along the length of a single ray by performing costly range queries within the photon map. Our technique replaces these multiple point‐queries with a single beam‐query, which explicitly gathers all photons along the length of an entire ray. These photons are used to estimate the accumulated in‐scattered radiance arriving from a particular direction and need to be gathered only once per ray. Our method handles both fixed and adaptive kernels, is faster than regular volumetric photon mapping, and produces images with less noise.     

点模型曲面的调和映射参数化

利用调和映射的平面和球面中值性质,提出了确定点模型曲面参数化映射中有关权因子的两种新方法,设计了能够达到内在变形较小的相应参数化方法,并将参数化方法应用于点模型曲面上的纹理映射．实验和统计结果表明,文中方法是比较有效的点模型曲面的参数化方法．     

基于调和映射的约束纹理映射方法

传统的约束纹理映射方法大都建立在迭代优化的基础上,给出的解多为近似解．为此,提出了一种基于调和映射的约束纹理映射方法,利用该方法可以得到约束纹理映射问题的一个形式化精确解．由于调和映射具有保持映射能量最小的良好性质,因此该方法能够最小化纹理映射的形变;另外,约束的纹理映射是个大交互量的工作,埘映射效果的优化调整非常重要,提出的自适应局部邻域调整方法能够实现映射效果的实时优化．该方法鲁棒并且效率高,实验结果表明利用该方法能够取得良好的绘制效果．     

对象/关系映射的基本策略

在当前的软件开发中对象模型与关系数据模型往往结合使用，二者在技术上的差异常常在开发过程中引发许多问题。克服这个矛盾的办法便是合理的将对象模型映射为关系数据模型。本文详细介绍了对象模型映射为关系模型不同情况的各种策略，比较并分析了各策略间的优缺点。     

Methods for Volumetric Reconstruction of Visual Scenes

In this paper, we present methods for 3D volumetric reconstruction of visual scenes photographed by multiple calibrated cameras placed at arbitrary viewpoints. Our goal is to generate a 3D model that can be rendered to synthesize new photo-realistic views of the scene. We improve upon existing voxel coloring/space carving approaches by introducing new ways to compute visibility and photo-consistency, as well as model infinitely large scenes. In particular, we describe a visibility approach that uses all possible color information from the photographs during reconstruction, photo-consistency measures that are more robust and/or require less manual intervention, and a volumetric warping method for application of these reconstruction methods to large-scale scenes.     

Progressive Expectation‐Maximization for Hierarchical Volumetric Photon Mapping

State‐of‐the‐art density estimation methods for rendering participating media rely on a dense photon representation of the radiance distribution within a scene. A critical bottleneck of such kernel‐based approaches is the excessive number of photons that are required in practice to resolve fine illumination details, while controlling the amount of noise. In this paper, we propose a parametric density estimation technique that represents radiance using a hierarchical Gaussian mixture. We efficiently obtain the coefficients of this mixture using a progressive and accelerated form of the Expectation‐Maximization algorithm. After this step, we are able to create noise‐free renderings of high‐frequency illumination using only a few thousand Gaussian terms, where millions of photons are traditionally required. Temporal coherence is trivially supported within this framework, and the compact footprint is also useful in the context of real‐time visualization. We demonstrate a hierarchical ray tracing‐based implementation, as well as a fast splatting approach that can interactively render animated volume caustics.     

Monte Carlo Methods for Volumetric Light Transport Simulation

The wide adoption of path‐tracing algorithms in high‐end realistic rendering has stimulated many diverse research initiatives. In this paper we present a coherent survey of methods that utilize Monte Carlo integration for estimating light transport in scenes containing participating media. Our work complements the volume‐rendering state‐of‐the‐art report by Cerezo et al. [ CPP*05 ]; we review publications accumulated since its publication over a decade ago, and include earlier methods that are key for building light transport paths in a stochastic manner. We begin by describing analog and non‐analog procedures for free‐path sampling and discuss various expected‐value, collision, and track‐length estimators for computing transmittance. We then review the various rendering algorithms that employ these as building blocks for path sampling. Special attention is devoted to null‐collision methods that utilize fictitious matter to handle spatially varying densities; we import two “next‐flight” estimators originally developed in nuclear sciences. Whenever possible, we draw connections between image‐synthesis techniques and methods from particle physics and neutron transport to provide the reader with a broader context.     

用简化的Goertzel来实现正弦基波与谐波

通过对Goertzel算法的优化和运用查表法处理来加快其运算速度。在硬件电路的基础上,用C语言完成了实际应用的算法程序。采用Atmel公司51系列外接晶振时钟频率可高达24MHz的单片机AT89C2051-24SU,运算后输出了一定频率的正弦基波及其多次谐波组成的波形。     

变频器的谐波危害及解决措施

阐述了谐波的概念及产生原理，对变频器产生的谐波问题作了较为详细的描述，并对目前解决谐波问题的措施作了全面的分析，提出了可供参考的解决方案。     

A Subspace Method for Fast Locally Injective Harmonic Mapping

We present a fast algorithm for low‐distortion locally injective harmonic mappings of genus 0 triangle meshes with and without cone singularities. The algorithm consists of two portions, a linear subspace analysis and construction, and a nonlinear non‐convex optimization for determination of a mapping within the reduced subspace. The subspace is the space of solutions to the Harmonic Global Parametrization (HGP) linear system [BCW17], and only vertex positions near cones are utilized, decoupling the variable count from the mesh density. A key insight shows how to construct the linear subspace at a cost comparable to that of a linear solve, extracting a very small set of elements from the inverse of the matrix without explicitly calculating it. With a variable count on the order of the number of cones, a tangential alternating projection method [HCW17] and a subsequent Newton optimization [CW17] are used to quickly find a low‐distortion locally injective mapping. This mapping determination is typically much faster than the subspace construction. Experiments demonstrating its speed and efficacy are shown, and we find it to be an order of magnitude faster than HGP and other alternatives.     

地形纹理映射方法研究

三维真实感地形的生成一直是计算机图形学领域中关注的焦点,而地形纹理映射是实现它的一个不可或缺的要素。采用不同的纹理映射方法会导致地形渲染的帧频率、真实感以及对系统资源需求等特性显著不同,因而如何选择适合的纹理映射方法使得地形渲染效果最佳是开发人员必须面对问题。该文参考了各方面的研究和应用成果,针对不同的应用领域提出了真实图片法、多纹理过渡法和多纹理计算法这三种不同地形纹理映射方法,并对它们各自的优点、缺点和适用范围进行了详尽的论述。     

卫星遥感雪盖制图方法对比与分析

利用ＬａｎｄｓａｔＴＭ、ＮＯＡＡ／ＡＶＨＲＲ和中分辨率成像光谱仪（ＭＯＤＩＳ）三个平台传感器的遥感数据,分别使用训练样本监督分类、阈值数字信号统计、雪盖指数方法制作雪盖图和提取积雪面积。结果表明：不同传感器遥感图像因时相和时空分辨率的差异,提取积雪信息的有效方法有所不同。但基于反射特性的雪盖指数计算法具有普遍的实际操作性意义,即雪盖制图精度高,分类合理,是提取积雪信息的最佳技术手段|当使用监督积雪分类时,只有取得精确的信号文件,分类结果才是可信的|而阈值数字信号统计的雪的阈值确定具有很大的经验性和随机性,但对数据不完整或只有单波段时也不失为有效和简便的途径|山影补偿处理法基本可以消除地形阴影的影响|而去云后其覆盖下的积雪恢复技术值得进一步讨论。     

卫星遥感雪盖制图方法对比与分析

利用ＬａｎｄｓａｔＴＭ、ＮＯＡＡ／ＡＶＨＲＲ和中分辨率成像光谱仪（ＭＯＤＩＳ）三个平台传感器的遥感数据,分别使用训练样本监督分类、阈值数字信号统计、雪盖指数方法制作雪盖图和提取积雪面积。结果表明：不同传感器遥感图像因时相和时空分辨率的差异,提取积雪信息的有效方法有所不同。但基于反射特性的雪盖指数计算法具有普遍的实际操作性意义,即雪盖制图精度高,分类合理,是提取积雪信息的最佳技术手段;当使用监督积雪分类时,只有取得精确的信号文件,分类结果才是可信的;而阈值数字信号统计的雪的阈值确定具有很大的经验性和随机性,但对数据不完整或只有单波段时也不失为有效和简便的途径;山影补偿处理法基本可以消除地形阴影的影响;而去云后其覆盖下的积雪恢复技术值得进一步讨论。     

Some Aspects of the Method of Fundamental Solutions for Certain Harmonic Problems

The Method of Fundamental Solutions (MFS) is a boundary-type method for the solution of certain elliptic boundary value problems. The basic ideas of the MFS were introduced by Kupradze and Alexidze and its modern form was proposed by Mathon and Johnston. In this work, we investigate certain aspects of a particular version of the MFS, also known as the Charge Simulation Method, when it is applied to the Dirichlet problem for Laplace's equation in a disk.     

Volumetric Reconstruction of Objects and Scenes Using Range Images

This paper reviews volumetric methods for fusing sets of range images to create 3D models of objects or scenes. It also presents a new reconstruction method, which is a hybrid that combines several desirable aspects of techniques discussed in the literature. The proposed reconstruction method projects each point, or voxel, within a volumetric grid back onto a collection of range images. Each voxel value represents the degree of certainty that the point is inside the sensed object. The certainty value is a function of the distance from the grid point to the range image, as well as the sensor's noise characteristics. The super-Bayesian combination formula is used to fuse the data created from the individual range images into an overall volumetric grid. We obtain the object model by extracting an isosurface from the volumetric data using a version of the marching cubes algorithm. Results are shown from simulations and real range finders.     

Discrete Fundamental Solution Preconditioning for Hyperbolic Systems of PDE

We present a new preconditioner for the iterative solution of systems of equations arising from discretizations of systems of first order partial differential equations (PDEs) on structured grids. Such systems occur in many important applications, including compressible fluid flow and electromagnetic wave propagation. The preconditioner is a truncated convolution operator, with a kernel that is a fundamental solution of a difference operator closely related to the original discretization. Analysis of a relevant scalar model problem in two spatial dimensions shows that grid independent convergence is obtained using a simple one-stage iterative method. As an example of a more involved problem, we consider the steady state solution of the non-linear Euler equations in a two-dimensional, non-axisymmetric duct. We present results from numerical experiments, verifying that the preconditioning technique again achieves grid independent convergence, both for an upwind discretization and for a centered second order discretization with fourth order artificial viscosity.     

Semantic Mapping Using Mobile Robots

Robotic mapping is the process of automatically constructing an environment representation using mobile robots. We address the problem of semantic mapping, which consists of using mobile robots to create maps that represent not only metric occupancy but also other properties of the environment. Specifically, we develop techniques to build maps that represent activity and navigability of the environment. Our approach to semantic mapping is to combine machine learning techniques with standard mapping algorithms. Supervised learning methods are used to automatically associate properties of space to the desired classification patterns. We present two methods, the first based on hidden Markov models and the second on support vector machines. Both approaches have been tested and experimentally validated in two problem domains: terrain mapping and activity-based mapping.     

基于幅值恢复算法的谐波分析实验

本文的研究目的就是针对三相异步电机的运行状态的监测以期对电机早期故障能够及时发现,减小故障严重后造成的巨大损失。本文采用分析定子电流的方式对运行中的电机进行现场监测,为解决故障频率与电网频率接近,且电机轻微故障时,定子电流中故障特征分量幅值过小的问题,使用一种新的谐波分析方法——幅值恢复算法,将该算法结合Fourier频谱分析,可对电机轻微故障和微弱的谐波成分做出有效的分析。