基于二维局部均值分解的自适应保真项全变分图像滤噪方法

为了在滤除图像噪声的过程中既保留图像的边缘细节,又对噪声有良好的滤除效果,提出一种基于二维局部均值分解和局部高频能量的自适应保真项全变分图像滤噪算法.首先采用二维局部均值分解算法自适应地将图像分解成从高频到低频不同尺度的成分;然后将其中最高频的成分用于计算局部能量函数,求得自适应保真项参数;最后通过求解最小化能量泛函实现图像噪声滤除.实验结果表明,该算法能较好地保留图像的细节边缘,即使在强噪声下也能较好地对图像平滑区域实现滤噪,解决了其他算法在保留边缘的同时产生的阶梯效应、斑点效应以及边缘附近噪声滤除效果差等问题;且相比于自适应保真项全变分图像滤噪等典型算法,具有更好的鲁棒性与更快的处理速度.     

一种基于改进Mean Shift滤波的Retinex彩色图像增强算法

传统的中心/环绕Retinex图像增强方法在处理低对比度彩色图像时,易产生光晕现象和色彩失真。提出一种基于改进Mean Shift滤波的Retinex方法,首先采用主元分析法(PCA)将低对比度图像分解为亮度和色彩两部分,通过改进现有Mean Shift滤波方法实现光照分量的自适应增强,并对色彩通道进行恢复,最后在全局分析基础上进行图像补偿。实验结果证明,该方法能有效抑制光晕现象,并保持色彩一致性,运行速度也优于同类自适应方法。     

基于非局部总广义变分的图像去噪

针对全变分(TV)模型在去除图像噪声时容易产生阶梯效应的缺点,将二阶总广义变分(TGV)作为正则项应用于全变分模型中可以有效地去除阶梯效应,并且还能够更好地保持图像边缘纹理结构;利用非局部均值滤波算法的思想来构造非局部微分算子,将非局部微分算子应用于总广义变分模型中,综合提出了一种基于非局部总广义变分的图像去噪新模型。新模型充分利用了图像的全局信息进行去噪。实验结果显示了该模型的有效性和优越性。     

基于自适应耦合局部数字全变分的超分辨重建

如何更好地保持重建图像的边缘信息是当今超分辨率重建技术的一个重要研究课题。针对基于全变分模型的超分辨率重建方法容易产生阶梯效应的不足,利用图像局部模糊熵信息,设计一个表征图像区域结构特征的局部自适应度量函数。利用该函数对全变分模型和超数字化全变分模型进行耦合,进而提出一种基于自适应耦合局部数字全变分模型的超分辨率重建方法。实验结果表明,该方法在保持图像几何边缘结构和消除平坦区域阶梯效应方面能力较强,重建效果较好。     

保持图像亮度的自适应局部对比度增强

目前保持亮度的局部直方图均衡算法用于对比度增强时,大多以亮度均值和中值为图像的亮度分割点,这些方法能较好地保持图像的亮度,但同时也会产生局部过增强。为此提出了一种亮度误差最小的自适应局部对比度增强算法,根据亮度均值绝对误差自适应的选择最佳亮度分割点,然后用保持亮度的双直方图均衡算法对被分割的子图像进行均衡,最后用滤波器消除块效应。实验结果表明,该算法不仅保持了输入图像的亮度,同时也实现了局部对比度增强。     

自适应非局部数据保真项和双边总变分的图像去噪模型

针对常见去噪方法容易造成特定区域过度平滑、奇异结构残余噪声以及产生阶梯效应和对比度损失等问题,提出一种自适应非局部数据保真项和双边总变分的图像去噪模型,建立了自适应非局部正则化能量泛函和相应的变分框架。首先,对噪声图像利用自适应权值的非局部均值求得数据拟合项;其次,引入双边总变分正则化项,利用正则化系数来适度平衡数据拟合项和正则化项的影响;最后,通过能量函数最小化对不同的噪声统计快速求得最优解,从而达到降低残余噪声并纠正过度平滑的目的。通过理论分析和针对模拟噪声图像与真实噪声图像的实验结果表明,所提出的图像去噪模型能够较好地处理具有不同统计特性的图像噪声,与自适应非局部均值滤波去噪相比,所提算法的峰值信噪比（PSNR）值最多可以得到0.6 dB的改善;与全变分正则化图像去噪算法比较,所提算法的主观视觉效果明显更好,在去噪的同时图像纹理和边缘等细节信息保护得更好,PSNR值最多可以提高10 dB,而多尺度结构相似性度（MS-SSIM）指标可以提升0.3。因此,所提出的图像去噪模型可以在理论上更好地探讨如何合理处理噪声和图像内容本身的高频细节信息,在视频和图像分辨率提升等领域也具有良好的实际应用价值。     

亮度和对比度调整的内窥镜图像增强技术

为了提高医用内窥镜图像的血管和组织对比度,本文提出一种融合技术.该方法分为两部分,第1部分基于剪裁直方图的加权分布伽玛校正(AGCWHD),利用负像策略实现亮图像增强,采用截断伽玛值的方法增强暗图像,基于对比度强弱增强中等亮度图像.之后采用改进的离散小波变换的奇异值分解(DWT-SVD)技术实现亮度增强.第2部分基于Lab颜色空间对奇异值均衡图像的L分量执行对比度受限的自适应直方图均衡(CLAHE)增强局部对比度.在实验室自建的LEI＿D数据集上基于暗、中等和亮图像3类,将该方法与其他6种现有方法进行主观和客观分析,结果表明提议方法表现出良好的亮度调节和对比度增强效果,同时能够很好地保持色彩和血管及组织的边缘细节.     

去除阶梯效应和震荡提取的分片变分分解模型

为了去除在变分图像分解中TV模型结构部分出现的阶梯现象和精确地提取震荡部分,提出一个分片变分分解模型.该模型将图像的支撑集聚类为2个不同性质的区域,在平滑区域采用固定边界的Mumford-Shah模型进行分解,以去除平滑区域内的阶梯现象;再在过渡区域采用(BV,G)分解,以此来精确地提取图像的震荡部分;然后对模型存在非平凡解的条件进行了讨论;最后采用梯度下降和有限差分对模型进行交替迭代求解.理论分析和与TV模型的对比实验结果表明,文中模型能很好地去除结构分量中的阶梯现象,并且能精确地提取图像的噪声和纹理.     

含脉冲噪声模糊图像复原的自适应二阶变分模型 *

针对经典的基于L1数据保真项的总变分图像复原模型易导致阶梯效应和损失图像重要细节的缺陷,提出了一种基于L1数据保真项的二阶总广义变分(Total Generalized Variation, TGV)图像复原模型。为进一步提升含脉冲噪声模糊图像复原质量,在二阶TGV图像复原模型中引入边缘检测算子,使其在图像边缘区域减弱扩散,较好地保护图像边缘特征;在图像平滑区域增强扩散,有效地消除脉冲噪声和抑制阶梯效应。为稳定地复原降质图像,采用交替方向乘子法求解二阶变分模型。实验结果表明,提出的图像复原模型在消除噪声和模糊的同时,能成功抑制阶梯效应并保留图像的边缘结构特征。相比经典的图像复原模型,新模型在信噪比、相对误差和结构相似度等方面均取得了较好的图像复原效果。     

彩色图像乘性噪声去除的高阶变分模型

传统的变分去噪模型中,MTV模型去噪后的图像可以较好的保持图像的边缘,但会有阶梯效应。高阶TC模型可以防止阶梯效应,但是边缘保持不好。采用耦合的MTV模型和高阶TC模型相结合的方法,构造出新的混合模型,并推广到彩色图像乘性噪声去除的高阶变分模型。为提高新模型的计算效率,引入辅助变量和拉格朗日乘子设计了相应的增广拉格朗日算法。实验结果表明,新模型在处理彩色图像时能有效地避免阶梯效应,同时保持图像的边缘和细节。与实验中的传统模型相比,新模型的峰值信噪比和结构相似性指数均有提升。     

基于梯度自适应函数的彩色图像变分去噪方法

分析了彩色图像的全变分降噪模型,该模型在降噪的同时可以保持好图像的特征信息,但对于噪声较大的图像具有明显的"阶梯效应".Blomgren的基于梯度自适应函数的去噪模型只能处理灰度图像,因此提出改进的基于彩色图像的梯度自适应函数去噪模型.实验证明,改进的模型有效地解决了"阶梯效应"的发生,提高了模型的去噪能力和边缘保持能力.     

Total Generalized Variation Based Denoising Models for Ultrasound Images

In this paper, we introduce a class of variational models for the restoration of ultrasound images corrupted by noise. The proposed models involve the convex or nonconvex total generalized variation regularization. The total generalized variation regularization ameliorates the staircasing artifacts that appear in the restored images of total variation based models. Incorporating total generalized variation regularization with nonconvexity helps preserve edges in the restored images. To realize the proposed convex model, we adopt the alternating direction method of multipliers, and the iteratively reweighted \(\ell _1\) algorithm is employed to handle the nonconvex model. These methods result in fast and efficient optimization algorithms for solving our models. Numerical experiments demonstrate that the proposed models are superior to other state-of-the-art models.     

基于二维变分模态分解和自适应中值滤波的图像去噪方法*

图像在采集、获取和传输过程中往往夹杂着噪声,针对几种常用方法去噪效果不理想,提出了一种新的图像去噪方法。此方法通过二维变分模态分解将图像分解为一系列不同中心频率的子模态。保留其低频模态,并对其进行自适应中值滤波处理,从而得到其去噪后的图像。实验结果表明,与其他几种常用的去噪方法相比,本文方法在滤除噪声的同时,又能较好地保留图像的边缘细节,图像也获得较好的视觉效果,此外客观评价参数也得到比较明显的改善,随着噪声强度加大去噪效果愈明显。     

结合显著性和边缘信息的水平集图像分割方法

针对 LBF 模型对初始轮廓的依赖性和对边缘的弱控制能力,研究了一种结合显著性和边缘信息 的水平集图像分割方法。首先,结合小波分析理论,基于视觉注意机制构造图像显著图;然后,利用小波分解 所描述的图像边缘信息,构造边缘检测函数,同自适应初始轮廓一起引入到 LBF 水平集模型中,并用有限差 分法进行数值求解。实验结果表明,提出的图像分割方法能有效降低初始轮廓位置对活动轮廓模型的影响,对 合成图像、自然图像均有较好的分割结果,相较于其他传统方法具有更高的演化效率和分割质量。     

Efficient Non‐linear Optimization via Multi‐scale Gradient Filtering

We present a method for accelerating the convergence of continuous non‐linear shape optimization algorithms. We start with a general method for constructing gradient vector fields on a manifold, and we analyse this method from a signal processing viewpoint. This analysis reveals that we can construct various filters using the Laplace–Beltrami operator of the shape that can effectively separate the components of the gradient at different scales. We use this idea to adaptively change the scale of features being optimized to arrive at a solution that is optimal across multiple scales. This is in contrast to traditional descent‐based methods, for which the rate of convergence often stalls early once the high frequency components have been optimized. We demonstrate how our method can be easily integrated into existing non‐linear optimization frameworks such as gradient descent, Broyden–Fletcher–Goldfarb–Shanno (BFGS) and the non‐linear conjugate gradient method. We show significant performance improvement for shape optimization in variational shape modelling and parameterization, and we also demonstrate the use of our method for efficient physical simulation.     

Image thresholding by variational minimax optimization

In this paper we introduce an adaptive image thresholding technique via minimax optimization of a novel energy functional that consists of a non-linear convex combination of an edge sensitive data fidelity term and a regularization term. While the proposed data fidelity term requires the threshold surface to intersect the image surface only at places with large image gradient magnitude, the regularization term enforces smoothness in the threshold surface. To the best of our knowledge, all the previously proposed energy functional-based adaptive image thresholding algorithms rely on manually set weighting parameters to achieve a balance between the data fidelity and the regularization terms. In contrast, we use minimax principle to automatically find this weighting parameter value, as well as the threshold surface. Our conscious choice of the energy functional permits a variational formulation within the minimax principle leading to a globally optimum solution. The proposed variational minimax optimization is carried out by an iterative gradient descent with exact line search technique that we experimentally demonstrate to be computationally far more attractive than the Fibonacci search applied to find the minimax solution. Our method shows promising results to preserve edge/texture structures in different benchmark images over other competing methods. We also demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed method for delineating lung boundaries from magnetic resonance imagery (MRI).     

基于域滤波的自适应Retinex图像增强

为了提高低照度图像的亮度和对比度,提出了一种新的基于Retinex理论的彩色图像增强方法。首先,基于Retinex理论,提出对HSV空间V分量进行域滤波估计图像光照分量,然后将V分量与光照分量相除得到反射分量的方法。之后,采用自适应Gamma校正对光照分量进行亮度提升,然后采用CLAHE对其进行对比度增强。最后,将亮度校正光照分量与反射分量相乘得到增强后的V分量,并将增强后的图像转化为RGB空间图像,达到彩色图像增强的目的。本算法可以获得更自然的增强效果,能抑制亮度较大像素点的增强,很好地突出图像中的细节信息,克服了图像增强中增强图像对比度低、颜色失真、过增强及光照突变处出现光晕现象等缺点。本算法对多种图像有效,例如高动态(HDR)图像、非均匀光照图像及低曝光图像。通过验证,本算法得到的结果相比于传统方法视觉效果更佳。     

Image fusion with morphological component analysis

Image fusion can produce a single image that describes the scene better than the individual source image. One of the keys to image fusion algorithm is how to effectively and completely represent the source images. Morphological component analysis (MCA) believes that an image contains structures with different spatial morphologies and can be accordingly modeled as a superposition of cartoon and texture components, and that the sparse representations of these components can be obtained by some specific decomposition algorithms which exploit the structured dictionary. Compared with the traditional multiscale decomposition, which has been successfully applied to pixel-level image fusion, MCA employs the morphological diversity of an image and provides more complete representation for an image. Taking advantage of this property, we propose a multi-component fusion method for multi-source images in this paper. In our method, source images are separated into cartoon and texture components, and essential fusion takes place on the representation coefficients of these two components. Our fusion scheme is verified on three kinds of images and compared with six single-component fusion methods. According to the visual perceptions and objective evaluations on the fused results, our method can produce better fused images in our experiments, compared with other single-component fusion methods.     

Unsupervised change detection in SAR images using curvelet and L1-norm based soft segmentation

In this article, we propose a novel unsupervised change detection method for synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images. First, we generate a difference image as a weighted average of a log-ratio image and a mean-ratio image, which has the advantage of enhancing the information of changed regions and restraining the information of unchanged background regions simultaneously. Second, we propose a variational soft segmentation model based on non-differentiable curvelet regularization and L1-norm fidelity. Numerically, by using the split Bregman technique for curvelet regularization term and reformulating the L1-norm fidelity as weighted L2-norm fidelity, we get an effective algorithm in which each sub-problem has a closed-form solution. The numerical experiments and comparisons with several existing methods show that the proposed method is promising, with not only high robustness to non-Gaussian noise or outliers but also high change detection accuracy. Moreover, the proposed method is good at detecting fine-structured change areas. Especially, it outperforms other methods in preserving edge continuity and detecting curve-shaped changed areas.     

图像平滑的自适应保真全变分模型

提出一种自适应保真的全变分平滑模型,证明其解的稳定性。结合各向同性和全变分的优点,利用扩散系数构造保真项,从而增强图像边缘,该模型根据图像的梯度信息确定门限值进而选择合适的图像平滑方法。在去除噪声和保持边缘的同时避免了“阶梯”效应,实验结果表明,该模型能有效地去除噪声,提高图像的峰值信噪比。