Chinese Soybean Industry：Current Status and Outlook

This paper focus on the soybean resources and their industry development in China.Due to the high demand in domestic market,it is necessary to expand the cultivation area and improve the production yields.Meanwhile,to increase the export of soybeans from overseas is also important.China has a long history in producing traditional soybean foods.After recent fifty years,the development of Chinese soybean industry has reached to a reasonable level.The current status of Chinese soybean industry has been included in the paper.It has been expected that in next five years,there will be a rapid increase in the processing of soybeans;it will become more reasonable in the scale and distribution of soybean oil factories.Emphasis will be put on the improvement of the functionalities of soybean products.Different kinds of functional soybean foods,especially the soybean proteins for particular uses will be developed by the use of modification technologies.Concern is also given to the multi-utilization of soybean resources,which not only covers the extraction of oil from soybean seeds and the processing of protein products from the meal;but also includes the recovery of the natural phyto-chemicals from soybeans which could then be exploited to novel products with more profits.     

The Chinese Textile Machinery Industry:Present Situation and Outlook

Since China joined the WTO,the Chinese textile industry has been experiencing a process of turning itself from a large textile and garment producer into a competitive and powerful player in the world.One of the keys to realize this process is to transform this traditional industry with high technology and increase the technological content and added value of traditional products.The Chinese     

Chinese consumers’ understanding and use of a food nutrition label and their determinants

This paper investigated Chinese consumers’ understanding and use of the Chinese food nutrition label and their determinants. Quantitative data were collected during March 2012 through a self-administrated structured questionnaire conducted in Beijing (n = 213) and Baoding city (n = 447). Questions assessed Chinese consumers’ use and understanding (objective and subjective) of food nutrition labels, nutrition knowledge (objective and subjective), socio-demographic characteristics, diet status, diet-health awareness, body mass index (BMI) and familiarity with food nutrition labels. A moderate degree of subjective understanding and a low degree of objective understanding of food nutrition labels were found among the participants, and 70% of the participants claimed to rarely or never use nutrition labels when shopping for food. Nutrition knowledge (objective and subjective) positively affected participants’ understanding (objective and subjective) of food nutrition labels. Familiarity with food nutrition labels had a strong positive effect on understanding of and use of food nutrition labels. Subjective nutrition knowledge and subjective understanding also played a significant and positive role in Chinese consumers’ label use. Age yielded a negative effect on both subjective and objective understanding, while education only affected participants’ objective understanding. None of the socio-demographic characteristics associated with self-reported use. Implications for future policies to improve Chinese consumers’ understanding and promote their use of food nutrition labels are discussed.     

The variety system and evolution law of ancient Chinese leno fabrics北大核心CSCD

纱罗是中国古代应用广泛的代表性丝绸品种之一,考古发现的纱罗织物品种丰富、结构多变,其特殊的绞经结构作为古代纺织技艺高水平的代表是现代传承的重点,也是创新发展的基础。本文以出土及传世纱罗实物为研究对象,从工艺和组织结构的角度对古代纱罗织物的品种进行系统研究,旨在建立中国古代纱罗织物品种体系,以探究其结构特征、演变规律,及其体现出的时代特色和社会需求。研究发现:中国古代纱罗织物大致以单层组织类品种为主,重组织类仅在明代盛行一时。其品种演变大致呈现出由简至繁,又由繁至简的发展规律,其演变本质是不断优化工艺和结构,以满足现行社会的需求。     

Similitude and metaphysics: Analysis about fashion designs of Chinese national style北大核心CSCD

In this paper, case analysis method is applied to subdivide fashion design categories and design techniques of Chinese national style fashion. The subdivided styles are as follows: the minority style, design based on Hanfu and Chinese-style clothing, Chinese national chic, Chinese national Haute Couture, and conceptual designs. These styles have various design expressions and techniques. Especially, the application degrees of traditional national elements are obviously different, which is reflected in the change from similitude to metaphysics. The minority style mostly follows the style, pattern and color matching of traditional national clothing. Design based on Hanfu and Chinese-style clothing, Chinese national chic and Chinese national Haute Couture have many creative designs with different emphasis. Modified Hanfu has rich detail changes. The design based on Chinese-style clothing has stable design style, and is mostly modified in parts. Chinese national chic stresses fashion expression mode. Chinese national Haute Couture integrates nationality with internationality. Conceptual design rarely directly uses specific national elements, but expresses the understanding of traditional national culture with indirect and abstract methods. © 2017 China Silk Association. All rights reserved.     

Price Advantage of Chinese Shoes

ＴｈｅｒａｔｉｏｏｆＣｈｉｎａ′ｓｌｅａｔｈｅｒｓｈｏｅｓｅｘｐｏｒｔｓｈｏｗｓｔｈａｔａｌｔｈｏｕｇｈｍｏｒｅｔｈａｎ５０％ｏｆＣｈｉｎａ′ｓｌｅａｔｈｅｒｓｈｏｅｓｅｘｐｏｒｔｖａｌｕｅｍａｄｅｉｎｔｈｅＡｍｅｒｉｃａｎｍａｒｋｅｔ，ｔｈｅａｍ...     

Meat quality and carcass traits in relation to HGD-BstXI and HGD-HaeIII PCR–RFLP polymorphism in Chinese red cattle

We investigated the effect of homogentisate 1, 2 dioxygenase (HGD) gene on meat quality and carcass traits in 287 Chinese red cattle. The PCR–SSCP method was used to identify polymorphism of the HGD gene in the exon 1 and intron 1. Two polymorphisms were detected in intron 1 and two restriction sites for endonuclease HGD-BstXI and HGD-HaeIII have also been found. The HGD-BstXI genotypes showed significant effects on cooking loss, drip loss, net meat weight, carcass weight, and eye muscle area (P < 0.05). The HGD-HaeIII genotypes significant affected cooking loss, muscle fibre diameter, shear force, drip loss, and carcass yield ratio (P < 0.05). Moreover, we found significant effects of diplotypes on cooking loss, muscle fibre diameter, shear force, drip loss, net meat weight, carcass weight, and eye muscle area (P < 0.05).     

Lead,cadmium, arsenic,mercury and copper levels in Chinese Yunnan Pu’er tea

The Yunnan region of China produces a distinctive variety of Pu’er tea, which is consequently labeled as a Chinese geographic indication product. In this study, the safety of Chinese Yunnan Pu’er tea with regard to heavy metal content was evaluated in 30 different brands of Pu’er tea, including 150 commercial samples. Metal levels in the Pu'er tea samples followed the order: copper (12–22?µg/g)?>?lead (0.26–3.2?µg/g)?>?arsenic (0.035–0.24?µg/g)?>?cadmium (0.0059–0.085?µg/g)?>?mercury (<0.010?µg/g). Mercury was not detected in 17 of the brands of Pu’er tea. Metal-to-metal correlation studies showed that there were no significant correlation between metal pairs. Based on current safety standards, the low levels of metals detected in these Pu’er tea samples mean they are safe for human consumption.     

Antioxidant activity and components of Salvia plebeia R.Br. — a Chinese herb

The antioxidant properties of the extracts from Salvia plebeia R.Br. which was screened out of over 700 species of Chinese herbs, were tested in lard at 110°C using the Oxidative Stability Instrument. The ethyl acetate extract of the herb was re-extracted by solvents (with increasing polarity) into petroleum ether-, diethyl ether-, acetone-and-ethanol-soluble fractions. The fractions obtained were then separated according to their acidic properties. From the most active sub-fractions, namely the acidic sub-fraction of the petroleum ether-soluble fraction and the weakly acidic sub-fraction of the diethyl ether-soluble fraction, three antioxidant components were isolated and identified as royleanonic acid, hispidulin and eupatorin. The royleanonic acid was a novel compound and eupatorin was isolated for the first time from the herb. Though royleanonic acid and hispidulin prolonged the induction period significantly, their antioxidant activities were much weaker than the crude extracts, implying that synergistic effects might be responsible for the high activity of the crude extracts.     

Are Chinese edible oils safe? A survey of trans fatty acid contents in Chinese edible oils

Food Science and Biotechnology - Nine different edible oil types from 7 cities in China were analyzed. Trans fatty acid (TFA) contents in edible oils were determined, TFA distribution...     

Comparison on aroma compounds in Chinese soy sauce and strong aroma type liquors by gas chromatography–olfactometry,chemical quantitative and odor activity values analysis

In order to elucidate the differences on aroma compounds in Chinese liquors with different aroma styles and the reasons, aroma compounds of Xijiu in soy sauce aroma and strong aroma type were investigated in the research. By gas chromatography–olfactometry (GC–O), aroma compounds in Chinese liquor were chosen for quantitative and odor activity value (OAV) analysis. Ethyl hexanoate, butanoic acid, 3-methylbutanoic acid, hexanoic acid and dimethyl trisulfide were considered to be the most powerful odorants in both liquor samples (aroma intensity ≥3.5) by GC–O. As important aroma compounds (OAV ≥10) in the liquors, ethyl propanoate, ethyl 2-methylpropanoate and 1-propanol were considered with much higher OAVs in soy sauce aroma type liquor, while OAVs of ethyl pentanoate, ethyl hexanoate, ethyl heptanoate, ethyl octanoate, ethyl lactate, hexyl acetate, butyl hexanoate, hexyl hexanoate and hexanoic acid were far lower in strong aroma type liquor. The OAV of ethyl hexanoate in strong aroma type liquor exceeded 50,000, which explained the reason why strong aroma liquor was considered with prominent fruity aroma. The odor differences between the liquors were mainly caused by the manufacturing practices.     

Development Policies of China Paper Industry——National Development and Reform Commission October 2007--The English translation is only for reference,and the Chinese edition prevails.

Foreword
The paper industry is an important fundamental raw material industry closely related to national economy and social development. The paper industry is characterized by capital intensive and technology intensive, as well as remarkable economy of scale. The industry offers extensive industrial association scope and huge market capacity with massive drive of forestry, agriculture, chemical, printing, packaging and machinery manufacture industries. As the natural plant fibres including wood, bamboo and reed, and recycling fibres such as wastepaper are used as the raw materials, paper is able to partially substitute such recycling resources as plastic, iron and steel, and nonferrous metals. Therefore, the industry is an important sustainable industry crucial for the national economy.     

New Target of Development for Chinese Shoemaking Industry--Brand Strategy

Ａｓｔｈｅｆｉｒｓｔｌａｒｇｅｓｔｐｒｏｄｕｃｔａｎｄｅｘｐｏｒｔｃｏｕｎｔｒｙｏｆｓｈｏｅｓｉｎｔｈｅｗｏｒｌｄ，ｏｕｒｓｈｏｅｓ－ｍａｋｉｎｇｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｙｉｓｎｏｗｅｎｔｅｒｉｎｇｉｎｔｏｔｈｅａｄｊｕｓｔｉｎｇｐｅｒｉｏｄｗｉｔｈ“ｉｍｐｒ...     

Dietary supplementation of red ginseng, Chinese lizard’s tail, and Korean raspberry extracts alleviate oxidative stresses in aged rats

To investigate antioxidant efficacy of medicinal plants known to possess anti-aging properties, the herb preparations were fed to 10-month-old rats. The herb preparations included ethanol extracts of red ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Mayer), Chinese lizard’s tail (Saururus chinensis Hort.ex Loud), and Korean raspberry (fruits of Rubus coreanus Miquel). Plasma protein carbonyls, malondialdehyde, 8-iso-prostaglandinF2α, lymphocyte DNA damage, α-tocopherol concentration, and ferric reducing ability were measured as oxidative stress markers. The aged rats showed higher levels of malondialdehyde, 8-isoprostaglandinF2α, and protein carbonyl and lower level of α-tocopherol compared to young rats. Malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl levels were decreased in the aged rats fed diets supplemented with any of the herbal preparations. 8-Iso-prostaglandinF2α was lower in rats fed the 0.5 or 1.0% Chinese lizard’s tail- or 1% Korean raspberry extract-supplemented diet. The 1:1:1 mixture of herbal preparations decreased the level of 8-iso-prostaglandinF2α. Rats fed 1.0% Chinese lizard’s tail or Korean raspberry diets showed increased α-tocopherol level. These results indicated that the level of oxidative stress is increased in the aged animals and herbal preparations are effective in the alleviation of age-related oxidation.     

Comparison of moisture-dependent orthotropic Young’s moduli of Chinese fir wood determined by ultrasonic wave method and static compression or tension tests

Wood with distinctively different properties in the longitudinal, radial and tangential directions exhibits a strong moisture-dependent material characteristic in the elastic range. The purpose of this study was to analyze the orthotropic elastic properties of Chinese fir wood [Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook] determined at different moisture conditions using an ultrasonic wave propagation method. The results were compared with those obtained by the traditional static compression or tension tests. The results confirm that the stiffness coefficients obtained by the ultrasound without considering the complete stiffness matrix show significantly higher values than the compression or tension Young’s moduli in all the three anatomical directions at each specific MC. The differences between stiffness coefficients and Young’s moduli were significantly reduced by corrections with Poisson ratio. Only in tangential direction, the Young’s moduli with Poisson ratio correction are statistically equivalent to the Young’s moduli obtained by compression and tension.     

Eating quality of meat from European × Chinese crossbred pigs

Meat from half-Chinese crossbred pigs was compared with meat from purebred European pigs for chemical composition and eating quality. In a first experiment, purebred Pietrain pigs were compared to Pietrain × Chinese (Meishan or Jia Xin ) pigs for sensory qualities as assessed by a taste panel. In a second experiment, purebred Large Whites were compared to Large White × Meishan pigs for chemical composition and eating quality as assessed by both taste panel and consumer testing. The lipid and collagen content in the meat were higher in the Large White × Chinese crossbred pigs than in the purebred Large White pigs. In both experiments, meat from half-Chinese cross bred pigs was judged more tender, more juicy and more tasty than meat from purebred European pigs by the taste panel as well as by consumers. However, the latter judged that the overall acceptability of the meat from half-Chinese pigs was not better, probably due to the excessive amount of visible fat.     

Automated online solid-phase extraction of albendazole and its metabolites in Chinese mitten crabs followed by stable isotope dilution UPLC–MS/MS analysis

The determination of albendazole (ABZ) and its metabolites, albendazole sulfoxide, albendazole sulfone, and albendazole 2-aminosulfone in crab tissue is a complex analysis involving the extraction of trace levels of potentially unstable analytes from a solid matrix. Here, we report on an online solid-phase extraction (SPE) for automated trapping of ABZ and its metabolites in Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis H. Milne Edwards (E. sinensis), followed by stable isotope dilution UPLC–MS/MS analysis. The performance of online SPE was fully validated. Good linearity was obtained with correlation coefficients >0.99. In the analytical range, the intra-day and inter-day precision and accuracies (RSD %) were 1.44–4.62 and 3.28–6.93 %, respectively. The mean recoveries were in the range of 78.2–109.3 %. All these demonstrated that the online SPE is an excellent technique for trapping and purification of ABZ and its metabolites in crab tissue samples. Finally, this online SPE–UPLC–MS/MS strategy was successfully applied to analyze the crude extracts from several crab tissue samples.