新颖的差值扩展可逆数据隐藏算法

提出一种变换方向自适应的差值扩展可逆数据隐藏算法(ACD),ACD通过扩展像素对的差值嵌入数据。像素对中一为参照像素,另一为变换像素,ACD根据像素对所处区域类型的估测,自适应选择变换像素,暗区选大值像素,亮区选小值像素,否则选默认方向像素。理论分析及实验结果表明,ACD解决了预测误差扩展可逆数据隐藏算法(PEE)在暗或亮载体时灰度溢出急剧增加的问题,与采用现有灰度溢出解决方案的PEE相比,改善了载体普适性,性能更稳定。     

红外图像灰度直方图统计分析的研究

数字图像的直方图反映了其像素强度值的分布情况.作为图像处理中最简单和最有用的一种工具,直方图方法用于许多图像操作中,例如对比度拉伸、直方图均衡化等.用灰度直方图方法对150幅不同类型的红外图像进行了统计分析.结果表明,在这些图像中,大多数图像没有灰度值小于16的像素,或者此类像素数量很少.这意味着A/D数据流的低4位对红外图像质量的影响较小.     

基于融合的数据隐藏算法

本文在讨论基于融合的数字图像隐藏技术算法的基础上,提出了一种基于融合的数据隐藏算法.该算法利用一次Bézier曲线,将秘密数据隐藏在原始图像中.该算法可以在数字图像中嵌入任意形式的数字化数据,在选取适当的参数时,可以完全正确地恢复出数字化数据.该算法的特点是数据隐藏能力强,在以灰度图像为原始图像的情况下,其最大隐藏能力可以达到3bits/pixel.     

在BMP图像文件中实现数据的加密

近年来 ,在图像中加密数据是信息隐藏技术中新的研究课题 ,它以数字图像为载体 ,将所要隐藏的信息按照某种算法嵌入到数字图像中 ,并且要求 :嵌入信息后的图像与原始图像相比 ,在人的视觉上没有什么区别 ;加密数据后不会改变图像的数据量 ,即直接对载体数据的某些部分进行修改 ,而不会使图像文件增大。这里将介绍一种利用ＢＭＰ图像实现数据加密的方法。ＢＭＰ图像文件是位图文件 ,位图是指将上幅图像分割成栅格 ,栅格的每一点称为像素 ,每一个像素具有ＲＧ值 ,即一幅图像是由一系列像素点构成的点阵。ＢＭＰ图像文件的主要特点有 :①每个文…     

基于信息熵的图像置乱程度评价方法

在基于数字图像的信息隐藏算法中，如何评价图像置乱程度是一个很重要的问题。本文以图像分块信息熵与整体信息熵的比值作为置乱程度的判决标准，并同时利用各分块中互为相邻的像素差值的平均值作为加权系数进行加权平均提出一种新的图像置乱程度的评价方法，实验结果表明该评价方法可以有效地描述图像的置乱程度。     

基于编码压缩和加密的图像可逆信息隐藏算法

提出一种编码压缩和加密的图像可逆信息隐藏算 法。计算载体像素预测值与其像素值的差值, 对差值进行哈夫曼编码压缩,通过压缩数据和随机数据加密重构图像,得到载体数据。将哈 夫曼编码的码 表和秘密信息隐藏在载体数据中,实现信息隐藏。在载密数据中提取码表数据和秘密信息, 对加密压缩数 据进行解密,结合码表和预测方法恢复原始图像。实验结果表明,本文算法具有较大的隐藏 容量,不仅能 正确提取秘密信息,还能无损恢复原始图像。     

基于Logistic混沌置乱的计算机数字图像加密方法

在进行计算机数字图像传输的过程中,图像中的信息能否具备足够的安全性十分重要。由于采用传统DNA动态编码的加密方法加密后图像轮廓依然清晰,且不同区域像素灰度值变化较大,无法达到对信息的隐藏和加密效果问题,文章引入了Logistic混沌置乱技术,开展对计算机数字图像加密方法的设计研究。通过基于Logistic混沌置乱的计算机数字图像动态映射、生成混沌变参数、构建混沌图像加密体系、随机序列生成及加解密处理等提出一种全新的加密方法。通过实验证明,新的加密方法可实现对计算机数字图像中信息的全部隐藏,以期为提高计算机数字图像在传输过程中其中信息的安全性提供一定帮助。     

基于差值扩展和余数调整的可逆数据隐藏

将Tian差值扩展技术应用于彩色图像,提出一种基于预测误差差值扩展(PEDE)和余数调整的彩色图像可逆数据隐藏算法。针对传统差值扩展技术存在过分修改像素灰度值、须嵌入定位图等缺点,首先利用色彩分量间的相关性减小差值,并将差值扩展量分散到2个色彩分量中;其次,由2个色彩分量中像素的预测平均值决定可用于扩展嵌入的差值,对不能用于扩展嵌入的差值则用可逆对比图RCM变换嵌入数据,无需保存溢出定位图;最后,对直方图平移技术进行改进,实现嵌入容量和失真控制,提取端在提取信息时可无损地恢复原始图像。实验结果表明,与其他算法相比,本文算法在同等嵌入率下可取得更好的图像质量,算法复杂度更低。     

二层减法聚类图像颜色迁移算法

提出了一种图像自动颜色迁移方法,利用二层减法聚类将图像分成一定数量的子块,通过灰度差值直方图方法提取子块纹理特征,建立目标图像与源图像间子块的最佳对应关系,选取各子块数据点密度较大的像素组成子块的样本块,在对应源图像样本块中查找目标样本块的最佳匹配像素,完成样本块间颜色迁移,进而根据已上色的样本块完成目标图像的全局颜色迁移.该算法既适用于彩色图像间颜色迁移也适用于灰度图像上彩色.     

基于单向差值扩展的彩色图像可逆数据隐藏

针对Tian差值扩展算法存在过分修改像素值、须嵌入定位图等缺点,提出一种基于单向差值扩展的彩色图像可逆数据隐藏算法。利用色彩分量间的相关性减小差值,并用较小的差值扩展量扩展单个色彩分量的像素值,扩展方向由上溢和下溢像素的数量决定;采用预先调整像素值的方法避免像素溢出,少量的调整信息即可代替定位图,嵌入容量大幅提高;提取端根据临界像素值的顺序定位调整像素的位置,用调整信息恢复调整像素,因此不需要嵌入定位图,在提取信息的同时可无损地恢复原始图像。实验结果表明,本文算法在保证图像质量的同时,嵌入容量有很大的提高。     

基于插值预测和块分类的低失真可逆数据隐藏

提出一种基于插值预测和块分类模型的低失真可 逆数据隐藏算法。首先,对原始图像 进行插值预测, 得到预测误差图像;然后根据误差图像建立直方图,使得产生的直方图更陡峭,峰值点出现 频率更大;接 着对误差图像进行分块,利用块分类模型,在隐藏块内利用直方图平移隐藏信息,尽可能地 减少平移点的 数量;最后,相应地修改原始像素的灰度值,得到低失真的隐秘图像。实验结果表明,本文 算法不仅可以实现可逆数据隐藏,而且隐藏效果较好,有效载荷较高。     

Image steganographic scheme based on pixel-value differencing and LSB replacement methods

In order to improve the capacity of the hidden secret data and to provide an imperceptible stego-image quality, a novel steganographic method based on least-significant-bit (LSB) replacement and pixel-value differencing (PVD) method is presented. First, a different value from two consecutive pixels by utilising the PVD method is obtained. A small difference value can be located on a smooth area and the large one is located on an edged area. In the smooth areas, the secret data is hidden into the cover image by LSB method while using the PVD method in the edged areas. Because the range width is variable, and the area in which the secret data is concealed by LSB or PVD method are hard to guess, the security level is the same as that of a single using the PVD method of the proposed method. From the experimental results, compared with the PVD method being used alone, the proposed method can hide a much larger information and maintains a good visual quality of stego-image.     

Adaptive data hiding in palette images by color ordering and mapping with security protection

Palette images are widely used in multimedia and Internet applications. In this paper, a new method for data hiding in palette images with security protection by color ordering and mapping, as well as parameter randomization, is proposed. First, image pixels are classified as data embeddable or nonembeddable, and only the former ones are used to embed secret data. The proposed idea of data hiding is based on the use of a new type of color-ordering relationship, from which a color-mapping function is defined with binary values as output. When a secret data bit is to be embedded, a data-embeddable pixel is selected, and its color is adjusted to make the output of the color-mapping function equal to the secret bit value. The embedded secret data can be extracted correctly and quickly from the resulting stego-image by merely inspecting the outputs of the color-mapping function. Indetectability of the secret information embedded by the proposed method is also analyzed and confirmed. Furthermore, a number of possible security enhancement measures based on parameter randomization in the data-embedding process are proposed to protect the hidden data in the stego-image. The randomization effect is created by the use of a secret key and a number of random number-generating functions. The proposed data hiding method was tested with a variety of palette images. The experimental results show that secret data can be embedded and extracted successfully without producing visual artifacts in the cover image. A good balance between stego-image quality and data-embedding capacity can be achieved, which proves the efficiency and feasibility of the proposed method for practical applications.     

Spatial-domain image hiding using image differencing

A method to embed a secret image into a cover image is proposed. The method is based on the similarity among the grey values of consecutive image pixels as well as the human visual system's variation insensitivity from smooth to contrastive. A stego-image is produced by replacing the grey values of a differencing result obtained from the cover image with those of a differencing result obtained from the secret image. The process preserves the secret image with no loss and produces the stego-image with low degradation. Moreover, a pseudorandom mechanism is used to achieve cryptography. It is found from experiment that the peak values of signal-to-noise ratios of the method are high and that the resulting stego-images are imperceptible. Even when the size of the secret image is about a half of the cover image     

一种基于小波对比度和LSB的密写

为了提供较大的秘密信息嵌入量和保持良好的载密图像质量,依据人眼对变换剧烈及较暗区域均不敏感的视觉特点,提出了一种基于小波对比度和最低比特位替换(LSB)的图像密写方法.该方法先将载体图像分成固定大小的小块,对每一小块进行小波分解后计算小波对比度.然后,根据该块小波对比度绝对值之和确定该块可以嵌入的位平面层数.最后,采用LSB密写技术逐层嵌入秘密信息.实验结果表明,该密写方法能嵌入较多的信息和保持良好的载密图像质量,并且可直接从载密图像中提取秘密信息.     

Reversible data hiding scheme using reference pixel and multi-layer embedding

This paper presents a lossless data hiding scheme. The proposed scheme is based on the pixel difference histogram shifting to spare space for data hiding. Pixel differences are generated between a reference pixel and its neighbors in a pre-assigned block. After the difference histogram shifting, a large number of data can be embedded into the cover image, and multi-layer embedding is used to improve the hiding capacity. Different from previous works based on histogram shifting the proposed scheme can extract the hidden data and recover the exact original cover image with no extra information except the length of hidden data and the stego-image itself. Experimental results show that the average pure payload among eight commonly used grayscale images is up to 1.08 bits per pixel (bpp) while keeping low distortion.     

A transcoding-resistant video watermarking algorithm based on corners and singular value decomposition

The singular value decomposition (SVD) mathematical technique provides an elegant method for extracting algebraic features form an image. When a small change is added to singular values, great variance of image doesn’t occur, and singular values in an image are less affected if general image processing is performed. Because singular value matrix of an image has good stability, the watermark can be embedded to this matrix without causing large variation in the stego-image. The reason of causing block effects and flicker in the traditional watermarked video using SVD is firstly analyzed in this paper. Based on the feature of SVD and that human eyes are not sensitive to the changes in corner area of each frame of video, we embed watermark into blocks with corner inside using quantization index modulation. We analyze the validity of the proposed algorithm about synchronizing error, block effects, and flicker. The experiment shows that the proposed approach has an excellent robustness against transcoding and some normal attacks, such as adding noise, re-encoding and so on without causing any block effects and flicker. The result also shows that the correct rate of extracting watermark can achieve 98 % per second.     

多光谱图像变换域统计量移位鲁棒无损信息隐藏

为了提高鲁棒无损信息隐藏算法容量,利用多光谱图像谱段间的相关性及其小波变换高频系数分块均值的稳定性,提出一种变换域统计量移位的鲁棒无损信息隐藏算法。首先,在光谱方向采用Karhunen Loêve变换(KLT)去相关,然后对得到的KLT本征子图像进行离散小波变换,将小波HH高频系数分块均值作为统计量,通过其直方图移位来隐藏秘密信息,最后将浮点数变换和像素溢出引起的误差嵌入含密图像中以便对恢复的载体图像进行误差补偿。实验结果表明：在图像质量和以往算法相当的情况下,该算法的隐藏容量增加了1倍,并且能抵抗噪声攻击;而与最新算法相比,在隐藏容量相同时,该算法抗JPEG2000压缩倍数平均提高23.9%,误码率平均降低了44.8%。     

基于边缘匹配和模函数的安全密写算法

 为了提供较大的可调信息嵌入量和保持载密图像良好的视觉质量,提出一种新的密写算法.根据人类视觉特性,利用像素的3个相邻像素的最大像素值与最小像素值的差值,将图像分为平滑区、过渡区和边缘区;根据模数循环的特点,应用具有安全特性的模函数以某一嵌入方案在3个区域中的像素自适应地嵌入不同的信息比特数.选择不同的嵌入方案可以得到不同的嵌入量和载密图像视觉质量.实验结果表明,本文算法在保持高嵌入率的同时仍保持较好的载密图像视觉质量,且安全性好.     

基于图像块动态参照像素的无损信息隐藏算法

提出了一种基于动态参照像素和多层嵌入的图像无损信息隐藏方法,其能在保持较小图像失真的同时,实现大容量的信息嵌入,且机密信息提取后能完全恢复原载体图像.特别地,与其他基于直方图移位的算法不同,本文方法提取机密信息和恢复载体图像不需要除机密信息长度之外的任何其他信息.实验结果表明了该算法的有效性.