一种基于时隙划分的三层卫星网络QoS路由协议

提出了一种基于低轨/中轨/高轨（LEO/MEO/GEO）卫星网络体系结构（TLSN）和时空分割思想的QoS路由协议（TDRP）,详细阐述了时空分割思想和时隙优化方法,重点研究了QoS路由的实现框架和路由算法（BDA）的实现原理.在此基础上,卫星网络体系结构和路由协议的性能得到了详细分析和仿真验证.相同负载情况下,TLSN中端到端时延和时延抖动性能明显好于LEO卫星网络;同Dijkstra算法相比,BDA算法在端到端时延、时延抖动、丢包率、吞吐量方面具有更好的QoS保证能力.     

Agent-based load balancing routing for LEO satellite networks

To ensure an intelligent engineering of traffic over entire satellite networks, a distributed routing scheme for low-earth orbit (LEO) satellite networks, agent-based load balancing routing (ALBR), is presented. Two kinds of agents are used. Mobile agents migrate autonomously to explore the path connecting source and destination, to gather inter-satellite link (ISL) cost, identifier and latitude of visited satellites. Meanwhile, stationary agents employ exponential forgetting function to estimate ISL queueing delay, calculate ISL cost using the sum of propagation and queueing delays; evaluate path cost considering satellite geographical position as well as ISL cost, finally update routing items. Through simulations on a Courier-like system, the proposed scheme is shown to achieve better load balancing, and can especially decrease packet loss ratio efficiently, guarantee better throughput and end-to-end delay bound in case of high traffic load. Furthermore, results from the implementation complexity analysis demonstrate that with the aid of agent technology, ALBR has lower on-board computation, storage, signaling requirements than other on-board routing schemes.     

Packet routing algorithm for polar orbit LEO satellite constellation network

The proliferation of Internet motivates the need of integrating IP with Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite networks that are well known for their global coverage and their ability of providing services with different QoS specifications. There is no doubt tha…     

LTE-A飞蜂窝网络自相似业务流的端到端时延边界分析

LTE-A是一种4G移动通信标准,可满足移动数据业务对传输带宽的要求。为解决移动通信网络中室内信号质量较差的问题,LTE-A标准采用飞蜂窝技术作为室内无线接入解决方案。针对LTE-A飞蜂窝网络的时延边界问题,运用随机网络演算方法分析业务流的自相似性质和MIMO信道的时变特性,构建了LTE-A飞蜂窝网络中自相似业务流的随机到达与随机服务模型。围绕所构建的到达与服务模型,运用有效带宽理论和chernoff界方法,给出了自相似业务流的端到端时延边界。NS3仿真验证表明,在信道带宽和业务流优先级等指标不同的情形下,所给出的理论端到端时延边界与仿真时延的偏差在2ms以内,较为准确有效,可为确保LTE-A飞蜂窝网络的服务质量提供依据。     

考虑任务依赖的卫星边缘计算资源分配与卸载决策算法

针对高低轨卫星网络协同边缘计算的卸载决策问题,提出了一种考虑任务依赖的联合计算资源、无线资源分配与任务调度的卫星网络边缘计算卸载决策算法。首先,将任务卸载问题建模为最小化任务延迟和能量消耗的联合优化问题;然后,将能源消耗和时延引入子任务优先级定义中,基于动态优先级进行启发式卸载策略搜索。该算法保证了子任务之间的依赖性并同时考虑了无线资源分配。仿真结果表明,与已有研究相比,该算法能缩短高低轨卫星协同计算的任务执行延迟,且能够降低低轨卫星功耗。     

An integrated protocol stack for efficient resources management in wireless networks

The area of ATM multihop radio networks has recently become an issue of interest especially with the growing interest in portable multimedia units. Multimedia communication requires a deterministic delivery of isochronous traffic with predefined QoS requirements. In this paper we propose an integrated protocol stack which provides deterministic delivery bounds and efficiently utilizes channel backwidth. By integrating the access, routing and congestion control protocols, a solution is provided which improves bandwidth utilization, maintains shortest route packet delivery and leads to congestion avoidance. A tractable approximate analytical model is developed and verified for networks with finite storage capacity. For large multihop networks the analytical solution is complemented by simulation. Evaluation shows that the proposed protocol integration yields a significant reduction in end-to-end delay, which together with bounded access time at the channel access level, provide two essential features for the support of isochronous traffic in multihop wireless environments.     

Worst-case end-to-end delays evaluation for SpaceWire networks

SpaceWire is a standard for on-board satellite networks chosen by the ESA as the basis for multiplexing payload and control traffic on future data-handling architectures. However, network designers need tools to ensure that the network is able to deliver critical messages on time. Current research fails to address this needs for SpaceWire networks. On one hand, many papers only seek to determine probabilistic results for end-to-end delays on Wormhole networks like SpaceWire. This does not provide sufficient guarantee for critical traffic. On the other hand, a few papers give methods to determine maximum latencies on wormhole networks that, unlike SpaceWire, have dedicated real-time mechanisms built-in. Thus, in this paper, we propose an appropriate method to compute an upper-bound on the worst-case end-to-end delay of a packet in a SpaceWire network.     

基于OPNET的LEO卫星网络协议仿真平台研究

在OPNET仿真环境下,通过对LEO卫星网络协议构架分析,合理简化协议体系结构,构建通用卫星节点模块,实现了LEO卫星网络协议仿真平台。该平台能够模拟无连接LEO卫星网络路由表的建立更新和数据包选路等过程,以及切换、长时延等一些卫星网络特性给其他协议带来的影响。最后通过对作者提出的一种路由算法进行仿真,验证了该仿真平台能够在一定精度上模拟LEO卫星网络环境。     

基于SDN的高性能QoS保障低轨道卫星星间路由算法

低轨道卫星通信系统具有全球覆盖性、移动性、可扩展性等优势,在提供全球互联网服务、灾难应急处理等方面发挥重要作用,但由于星上有限的存储和计算资源,传统路由算法不适用于低轨道卫星通信网络。结合软件定义网络架构,提出一种支持服务质量（QoS）的高性能低轨道卫星星间路由算法。根据剩余链路持续时间定义星间链路生存时间,确定每条星间链路的稳定度,缓解由于链路切换导致的业务路径重构问题。基于高轨道卫星得到的星间链路的流量状态,定义链路负载矩阵,给出星间链路负载度函数,并利用标签交换路径集合获得每条路径的负载度,避免节点拥塞,实现网络负载均衡。针对不同要求的业务服务类型定义权重因子矩阵,通过调整因子来减小瓶颈节点对路由算法的影响,满足多用户的QoS要求。仿真结果表明,在不同的QoS要求下,该算法在业务时延、系统吞吐量、网络负载均衡等方面均具有明显优势,且算法复杂度低,大幅节省了有限的星上存储与计算资源。     

基于OPNET的卫星网络路由仿真

具有星际链路的卫星网络将在今后发挥巨大的作用,而混合星座具有比单层星座更加优异的性能,双层星座GEO/LEO能够在物理上实现网络管理和业务的分离,便于对全网络的管理和集中式路由的实现。依据卫星网络运动的规律性,采用虚拟拓扑路由策略,在OPNET中对GEO/LEO双层星座进行了集中式路由的仿真;在定义链路权值时,除了传统上考虑的传播时延、排队时延外,还加上了地理因素的影响,使之更符合卫星网络的实际情况。     

卫星移动通信网络切换算法的研究

低轨卫星移动通信网络在实现全球移动通信方面具有很大优势.切换方案对于控制低轨卫星网络通信时延,提高卫星网络服务质量和链路带宽资源利用率具有重要意义.深入分析了星地链路切换和重计算路由问题,提出了一种低轨移动通信卫星链路切换算法.仿真实验表明,提出的卫星链路切换算法有较小的端到端时延、较好的稳定性和可定制性.     

Impact of queuing discipline on packet delivery latency in ad hoc networks

Delivering live multimedia streaming over ad hoc networks can improve coordination in battlefields, assist in disaster recovery operations, and help prevent vehicular traffic accidents. However, ad hoc networks often experience congestion faster than wired networks, leading to high end-to-end delays and jitter even for moderate traffic. This paper describes a partial remedy that applies to delay sensitive but loss tolerant applications such as live streaming. We find that under relatively high UDP traffic load, the Last-In–First-Out (LIFO) with Frontdrop queuing discipline achieves less than half the delay of the commonly used First-In–First-Out (FIFO) with Taildrop, while maintaining similar jitter. In low traffic situations, FIFO and LIFO have similar delays, but FIFO with Frontdrop has the lowest jitter. The results can be applied to an adaptive queuing mechanism that changes the queuing discipline at nodes function of the locally observed traffic load. The advantage of such an approach is that it does not require new protocols and does not incur any network overhead.     

LEO卫星网QoS遗传算法路由协议

为了满足多媒体应用的QoS要求,卫星路由协议应该更有效地利用网络资源,提供更好的QoS保障。为此提出了一个基于遗传算法的LEO卫星网络QoS路由协议,称为遗传卫星路由协议（GSRP）。改进了新的操作函数,如适应度函数、终止函数,以及变异率和路由表。仿真结果表明,GSRP能够实现较少CBP和HBP的可靠的点对点时延约束,以及比传统的算法更有效的负载平衡。     

Supporting real-time distributed computer-controlled systems with multi-hop P-NET networks

Fieldbus communication networks aim to interconnect sensors, actuators and controllers within process control applications. Therefore, they constitute the foundation upon which real-time distributed computer-controlled systems can be implemented. P-NET is a fieldbus communication standard, which uses a virtual token-passing medium-access-control mechanism. In this paper pre-run-time schedulability conditions for supporting real-time traffic with P-NET networks are established. Essentially, formulae to evaluate the upper bound of the end-to-end communication delay in P-NET messages are provided. Using this upper bound, a feasibility test is then provided to check the timing requirements for accessing remote process variables. This paper also shows how P-NET network segmentation can significantly reduce the end-to-end communication delays for messages with stringent timing requirements.     

基于IP网络规划与设计的抖动模型的研究

提出了一个典型的模型,该模型考虑到包延时的相关性和串联队列的相关性,这对端到端的抖动有重要影响。针对一个单队列的Poisson流量分布的抖动,给出了一个非常易于计算的公式,然后推广到基于串联队列的标记流的端到端抖动。通过模拟实验可以发现,模型的分析值和模拟值基本吻合,在大流量背景下更为精确,更重要的是对于抖动而言该值是可信的,这样就可以用于网络设计过程中。     

非完美感知条件下认知网络的性能分析

通过对非理想频谱感知下的认知无线电网络(CognitiveRadioNetwork,CRN)建模,分析了认知网络的主要性能参数。由于漏检的存在,可能造成主次级用户业务之间的碰撞,从而引起用户业务的中断或阻塞;另一方面,由于虚警,认知用户将放弃接入可用的空闲频段,从而降低了频谱资源的利用率,无论哪种情形都将导致系统的QoS性能降低。通过将认知网络建模成一个二维马氏链,推导了系统的主要QoS参数。结果表明,尽管误检的存在,认知网络仍能显著提高频谱资源利用率;而主用户的QoS需求也可以通过控制认知业务的接入量来得到保证。     

Fair resource allocation and stability for communication networks with multipath routing

Multipath networks allow that each source-destination pair can have several different paths for data transmission, thus they improve the performance of increasingly bandwidth-hungry applications and well cater for traffic load balancing and bandwidth usage efficiency. This paper investigates fair resource allocation for users in multipath networks and formulates it as a multipath network utility maximisation problem with several fairness concepts. By applying the Lagrangian method, sub-problems for users and paths are derived from the resource allocation model and interpreted from an economic point of view. In order to solve the model, a novel rate-based flow control algorithm is proposed for achieving optimal resource allocation, which depends only on local information. In the presence of round-trip delays, sufficient conditions are obtained for local stability of the delayed algorithm. As for the end-to-end implementation in Internet, a window-based flow control mechanism is presented since it is more convenient to implement than rate-based flow control.     

低轨卫星通信网络中动态位置更新管理方案

移动性管理是LEO(低轨卫星(low earth orbit))卫星网络通信系统中的一个重要问题.提出了LEO网络中一种改进的基于移动的位置更新和寻呼方案.在这种方法中我们引入了"元小区"概念,它由两个相邻波束组成.首先阐述了基于"元小区"模型的位置管理策略,然后推导了基于移动的动态位置管理的数学模型,并利用该模型分别计算了LEO网络中单位呼叫的位置更新和寻呼代价.通过元小区方案和普通小区的在各种网络参数环境下的性能比较证明了"元小区"方法的有效性和健壮性.最后为了进一步减小"元小区"方法中的寻呼代价,提出了强制更新策略,它强制移动终端在穿越两颗卫星覆盖区的边界时进行位置更新操作.     

Resource allocation and admission control for the provisioning of quality of service in networks of static priority schedulers

This paper, proposes an analytical method for the resource allocation and admission control of traffic flows with statistical Quality-of-Service (QoS) guarantees in a Static Priority service discipline, in the case of both isolated nodes and end-to-end paths comprising multiple schedulers. The statistical QoS targets for each service class are expressed in terms of a delay bound and delay violation probability. Moreover, we assume that traffic admits a linear variance envelope; therefore, the method accounts for Leaky-Bucket-regulated traffic, for general Markov-Modulated Poisson Process sources and Markov-Modulated Fluid Process sources and, in general, to the wide class of sources for which the variance of the cumulative generated traffic can be upper bounded by a linear function of time. Under these assumptions, the resource allocation problem is solved analytically by deriving the closed-form expression of the minimum capacity to be allocated in the network in order to guarantee concurrently the QoS of all traffic flows across all service priorities. Moreover, the closed-form analytical solution of the admission control problem is obtained by deriving the expression of the maximum number of flows that is possible to accept, in all priority levels, knowing the link capacity, with differentiated statistical QoS constraints on delay for each priority level. Furthermore, by exploiting the bounded-variance network calculus, a novel framework for the calculation of statistical end-to-end delay bounds, we iterate our formulas, derived for the isolated node, to multi-node paths and, in turn, we provide analytical closed forms for the performance evaluation of end-to-end delay.     

LEO/MEO双层卫星网络的性能分析

基于模型方法和软件仿真方法,对一种低轨/中轨(LEO/MEO)双层卫星网络进行了性能分析.首先建立了双层卫星网络的广义随机Petri网(GSPN)模型,通过对模型进行分析和合理简化, 采用SPNP4.0软件进行了网络性能分析.然后, 将分析的结果与采用OPNET软件对LEO/MEO双层卫星网络模拟的结果进行比较, 验证了模型分析方法的正确性, 同时得到了一些新的结论.