P92钢管道对接焊接残余应力数值模拟

为了能系统全面探究P92钢管焊条在焊接变形状态后焊缝内的焊缝热残余应力变化规律和其分布及规律情况,基于三维有限元分析及模拟分析的实验软件Abaqus建立起了实验数据库P92钢焊接模拟仿真模型的数据,研究的实验分析结果与分析模型表明,在钢管焊接变形的状态情况条件下,焊缝应力分布以及钢管焊缝受热温度影响区环向热应变分布和钢管焊缝内轴向应力变化主要体现呈拉应力,在焊缝热影响区出现了拉残余应力分布的最大值。随着距离焊缝中心距离的进一步的增加,焊接过程中拉残余的残余应力值也就逐渐减小。     

厚板埋弧焊接头焊后感应热处理应力场的数值分析

使用ANSYS软件建立厚板埋弧焊接头的热-力数值分析模型,计算焊接过程中接头的瞬态温度场和应力场分布,分析焊后感应热处理对残余应力的影响.将模拟计算所得的熔池轮廓和残余应力数据与实测厚板焊后值进行对比,验证模型的可靠性.结果表明:焊后厚板埋弧焊接头处的残余应力以拉应力为主,最大残余应力存在于焊缝处,数值为233 MPa...     

Inconel 625镍基合金管道焊接残余应力的数值模拟

以Inconel 625镍基合金管道的焊接接头为研究对象,建立了热-力学耦合的三维有限元模型,采用ANSYS软件对该合金管道环焊缝对称焊的残余应力进行了数值模拟,分析了管道外表面轴向和环向残余应力分布,并进行了试验验证;此外,还分析了预热温度对管道残余应力的影响。结果表明:该合金管道焊后外表面轴向与环向残余应力的模拟结果与试验结果在数值和分布趋势上均比较吻合,证明了模型的准确性;在焊缝及近焊缝区的管道外表面形成了轴向压应力和环向拉应力,随着距焊缝中心距离的增加,轴向压应力逐渐变为拉应力,而环向拉应力逐渐转变为压应力,并最终趋向于0;随着预热温度的升高,管道外表面轴向和环向残余应力均降低。     

焊接顺序对T形接头焊接残余应力场的影响

为了得到T形接头焊接顺序的优化方案,在确定合理的焊接热源形式以及建立有限元模型的基础上,利用单元死活技术从多道焊、分段焊与多层焊的角度对焊接顺序对T形接头焊接残余应力场的影响进行数值分析.对于多道焊来说,焊接残余拉应力出现在焊缝及其附近区域,且峰值出现在焊缝区域;相邻焊道之间采用首尾相接的方法得到的焊接残余拉应力峰值是最小的.对于分段焊来说,采用先焊两端后焊中间的方法不仅可以增加整个焊缝的焊接残余低应力区域;而且可以有效地降低先焊区域的焊接残余应力,降低效果与后焊焊段的焊接方向以及先焊焊段上的点到后焊焊段端部的距离有关.在多层焊的过程中,采用对称施焊的方法得到的焊接残余拉应力峰值是最小的.     

钛合金薄板带热沉GTAW焊的应力场

采用数值模拟和试验相结合的方法，比较钛合金常规钨极氩弧焊(CTAW)及带热沉的钨极氩弧焊，即动态控制低应力无变形(DC-LSND，dynamically controlled low stress no-distortion)GTAW焊接过程中应力场的形态与发展历史。DC-LSND焊接过程中，热沉的急冷收缩对热沉作用部位与熔池之间已凝固但仍处于高温状态的金属产生很强的拉伸作用，使焊缝中拉伸塑性变形增大，近缝区压缩塑性变形相应减小，从而导致焊缝与近缝区不协调应变减小，残余应力降低。与常规焊最大残余拉应力位于焊缝中心不同，在所选用的焊接条件下，DC-LSND焊最大残余拉应力位于近缝区，残余应力分布形态发生改变。     

核电蒸汽发生器传热管/管板接头传热管内壁的焊接残余应力分布

采用自行搭建的管道内壁残余应力测试平台,通过切割法测得核电蒸汽发生器传热管/管板接头传热管内壁的焊接残余应力,结合有限元模拟,研究了传热管内壁焊接残余应力的分布规律。结果表明:试验测得传热管/管板接头中传热管内壁近焊缝处的轴向和周向残余应力均为拉应力,随着距焊缝中心线距离的增加,残余拉应力减小并变为压应力,在距离焊缝中心线12mm处,残余压应力最大,在距离焊缝中心线21mm处残余应力减小至焊前初始应力;传热管内壁焊接残余应力分布的模拟结果和试验结果基本吻合,该有限元模型可以准确模拟核电蒸汽发生器传热管/管板接头传热管内壁焊接残余应力的分布规律。     

搅拌摩擦焊和钨极氩弧焊焊接接头的残余应力

利用X射线衍射法测量了铝合金搅拌摩擦焊和钨极氩弧焊(TIG)焊接接头表面的残余应力分布.结果表明:两种接头在焊缝区及其周围的残余应力存在着明显的变化,在平行于焊缝方向,应力呈"W"型的分布,焊缝外残余应力值迅速下降;钨极氩弧焊焊接接头残余应力的最大值位于热影响区;在热影响区,搅拌摩擦焊接接头残余应力平均值比TIG焊接接头的约低15%～25%.     

焊接顺序对6061-T6铝合金矩形焊缝焊接残余应力及变形量的影响

以热弹塑性有限元法为基础,结合热-力耦合的算法建立有限元模型,采用Abaqus软件对薄壁6061-T6铝合金矩形型材进行焊接模拟;模拟了不同焊接顺序对铝合金型材残余应力及焊接变形量的影响,得到了最优的焊接顺序。结果表明:在矩形焊接时焊缝所在平面上产生的最大残余应力为拉应力;选择对称焊接工艺可以有效降低铝合金型材焊接后的残余应力,增强焊件的焊后稳定性;从较长的焊接路径开始焊接,能够减小焊接变形量。     

焊接顺序对管道在役焊接温度和应力场的影响

采用三维弹塑性有限元方法对比分析了不同的焊接顺序对天然气管道在役焊接修复过程中的温度场和残余应力场的影响。结果表明,受修复套筒的影响,在第1和第2道焊缝焊接过程中,堆焊工艺的峰值温度、冷却时间和熔池截面尺寸显著大于角焊工艺,而第3道焊的温度场特征基本相同。随着圆周角的增加,沿圆周路径的轴向残余应力逐渐减小,环向残余应力逐渐增大,角焊工艺的残余应力略大于堆焊工艺。两种焊接工艺沿轴向路径的焊接残余应力在焊缝位置迅速由残余压应力转变为残余拉应力。     

株洲3#水轮机转子支架轮毂裂纹修复

稳定α相作用,得到细化组织晶粒。ZG20MnSi焊缝残余应力。分析裂纹形成因素及焊件本体应力分布规律。ZG20MnSi轮毂焊补热过程说明。低合金钢(ZG20MnSi)材料焊接性能;消除和减小焊接残余应力方法及内在规律;制定焊补工艺修复母材裂纹。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

Limits of topographic measurement by the scanning tunnelling and atomic force microscopes

Parameters describing the topographic character of a surface (height, surface wavelength, slope and curvature) can be derived from equivalent sinusoidal profiles. The response of a surface-measuring instrument may be modelled in terms of instrument parameters such as stylus radius, and scanning range and resolution. The performance of the instrument may then be mapped as a zone in amplitude-wavelength (AW) space to show the sinusoidal profiles it is capable of measuring. In a first-order analysis the STM and AFM are considered as equivalent to contact-stylus instruments with a notional stylus radius equal to the tip radius plus the gap. Comparisons between different instruments and types of instrument are readily made by mapping in AW space. The error arising from convolution of the sinusoidal profile with that of the finite tip may be quantified and plotted as contours in AW space.