基于后市场服务联盟的服务供应链协调策略

针对质保期内制造商和供应商组成后市场服务联盟联合向客户提供后市场服务时的后市场服务供应链协调问题,考虑后市场服务水平对产品需求的影响,建立了集中决策下供应链系统以及分散决策下制造商和供应商的利润模型。通过分析和比较集中决策和分散决策下制造商和供应商的最优决策,设计了一种基于后市场服务成本分担和收益共享的复合契约对分散决策下的服务供应链进行协调,给出了服务供应链达到协调的条件,使该契约下的制造商和供应商实现了双赢。通过算例分析,验证了后市场服务供应链协调契约的有效性。     

基于领先用户的制造商创新决策及供应链协调策略

为了分析用户参与创新对供应链最优决策的影响,在利用消费者效用函数识别领先用户需求的基础上,构建集中决策模型、分散决策模型和收益共享契约供应链模型,采用Stackelberg博弈方法求解得到均衡状态下制造商和零售商的最优定价策略、领先用户需求量和契约参数范围。通过数值仿真对分散决策模式和收益共享契约下的供应链及成员利润、价格和领先用户需求进行对比分析。研究表明,与分散决策模式相比,收益共享契约能够有效协调供应链,增加供应链利润;增加消费者创新补贴对领先用户需求的刺激不明显,但是存在一个使制造商利润最大的最优创新补贴;当消费者创新补贴一定,制造商技术吸收能力由低到高时,消费者的知识水平与批发价格和零售价格的关系从正相关变为负相关,并且分散决策模式的批发价格和契约模式的零售价格对消费者知识水平的变化更加敏感;两种模式的消费者知识水平对领先用户需求量、供应链成员利润和整体利润均为正向影响;当制造商的技术吸收能力较低时,偏向采用收益共享契约增加供应链整体利润,而且制造商的技术吸收能力将决定其利润。     

基于微分对策的生鲜食品供应链双渠道协调机制

生鲜食品具有时鲜性、易腐性、季节性等特点且消费者对质量要求较高,其供应链双渠道协调问题成为管理的一个难点。以供应商和零售商组成的二级生鲜食品供应链为对象,考虑保鲜努力因素影响生鲜食品质量,建立了微分对策模型。比较分散决策下的Nash非合作博弈、Stackelberg博弈以及集中决策下协同合作博弈情形的最优决策,设计了联合收益共享、成本共担、价格折扣契约的双渠道协调机制。研究表明,基于微分对策的联合契约能够促成生鲜食品供应链双渠道的协调。通过数值算例验证了方法的有效性。     

面向定制需求与随机产出的供应链投产量决策

针对在线定制需求,综合考虑产成品、半成品产出合格率的随机性以及各类成本和收益等,研究生产商与供应商构成的二级供应链投产量决策问题,基于博弈论分别构建分散和集中决策下各企业及供应链整体期望利润的最大化模型,基于优化理论讨论分析证明了最优解的存在性、唯一性并得到其表达式。提出批发价折扣、收益共享、产出风险成本共担综合契约协调机制,得到各契约因子及利润分配表达式。研究表明:各企业最优投产量的存在及唯一性需具备一定条件;生产商在集中决策下的最优投产量大于分散决策,供应商则恰好相反;与生产商有关的参数变化对供应商决策的影响较大,与供应商有关的参数变化对生产商决策的影响甚微。     

风险规避下产品服务供应链售前服务优化策略

针对由一个售前服务商和一个制造商组成的产品服务供应链中,供应链决策主体具有风险规避特征的合作契约设计问题,建立了服务商和制造商的效用模型,得出了分散决策和集中决策下的最优均衡解,分析了双方风险规避系数对决策主体行为的影响。对比两种决策模型发现,相对于分散决策,集中决策下的服务水平提高、服务商效用降低、制造商效用增加,据此提出一种实现供应链系统Pareto改善的收益共享契约。通过数值仿真验证了收益共享契约的有效性。     

模糊需求环境下供应链成员间的协调机制分析

为保证供应链成员获得利润,在模糊需求环境下,研究由单一供应商和零售商组成的两级供应链系统的协调机制问题。将市场需求视为模糊变量,建立不确定理论下基于可信性分布的分散决策、集中决策,以及收益共享契约和回购契约模型,并以三角模糊变量为例对模型进行优化,给出各种模型下的最优策略。最后,通过数值算例对模型中的参数进行求解,并对分析结论进行验证。研究结果表明,在模糊需求环境下,供应链系统中依然存在双重边际化效应,通过在协调机制中改变契约系数可以使供应链各成员的期望利润相比分散决策时有明显提高,并且当谈判双方达成纳什谈判解时,成员在收益共享契约下的期望利润等于其在回购契约下的期望利润。     

铁路物流中心参与的公铁联运物流服务供应链协调

为实现公铁联运参与者的共赢,对铁路物流中心参与下存在备选公铁运输企业的公铁联运物流服务供应链协调问题进行了研究。基于非合作博弈理论,分别构建了集中决策和分散决策下的博弈模型,通过对比发现分散决策下的供应链存在效率损失。利用基于增量利润和基于系统贡献度的收益共享契约,对分散决策下的供应链进行协调。研究表明:两种收益共享机制都能对供应链进行有效协调;在一定条件下,两种机制中收益共享系数具有相似特征;在第二种机制中,公铁运输企业的成本优势越大,所获利润越大。通过算例验证了相关结论。     

信息不对称及广告效应下零售商损失厌恶的供应链协调

为解决广告效应下零售商损失厌恶程度为不对称信息的供应链协调问题,运用"显示机理"构建信息不对称下供应链广告费及订货量联合决策模型,探讨收益共享契约下的供应链协调情况,并与集中决策及信息对称的模型进行对比,分析信息状态、批发价、损失厌恶程度、广告效应因子、市场价对供应链最优决策和各企业节点效用的影响。最后,采用数值分析法对上述问题进行验证。研究结果表明:若适当减小批发价,则收益共享契约能够协调信息不对称下的供应链;除协调的情况外,集中决策下的最优联合决策总优于分散决策,信息不对称时的最优订货量、广告费和供应链整体期望效用总小于信息对称时;无论在何种信息状态下,制造商期望效用与批发价负相关;随着广告效应因子的增加,最优广告费将减小,且变化趋势逐渐平缓。     

基于市场努力与再制造过程创新的闭环供应链定价及协调策略

为了研究再制造过程创新(PIR)技术在闭环供应链全环节的应用,在考虑PIR投入与销售努力的基础上,构建了与市场需求、回收价格和回收努力水平相关的回收数量函数,采用博弈论的方法给出了集中和分散决策下的均衡结果;分析了市场努力、PIR投入和消费者环保意识对供应链最优决策的影响;以集中式下的最优决策为目标,建立了基于两部定价和"收益共享一成本共担"的协调机制,有效实现闭环供应链协调.     

考虑零售商双渠道和回收品质量的闭环供应链定价与协调

为研究零售商双渠道结构和回收品质量对闭环供应链最优决策的影响,构建了包含一个制造商、一个零售商和一个第三方组成的闭环供应链模型,在双渠道闭环供应链基础上,考虑零售商线上和线下渠道并存以及回收品存在质量差异的情况,在零售商主导的前提下,利用Stacke1berg博弈理论求得集中决策与分散决策下的供应链成员最优定价和利润.结果 表明:分散决策下的闭环供应链没有达到Pareto最优,采用利润共享费用分担契约实现供应链协调后,供应链中各主体企业的利润得到提高,供应链整体利润达到集中决策水平;回收品质量不会影响正向供应链中的定价决策,但与逆向供应链中的回收价格、回收数量和供应链的整体利润正相关.最后通过数值分析验证了结论和协调机制的有效性.     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.