基于Hough变换实现圆的快速检测方法

为了快速正确的检测出图像中的圆,在传统Hough变换圆检测的基础上,利用圆是中心对称的几何特征,提出了一种新的基于Hough变换实现圆检测的方法,该方法运用Otus阈值分割技术将测试目标从检测图形中分离出来,运用Canny边缘检测器对图像进行边缘检测,检测后对图像进行筛选,排除明显不可能为圆的图形,之后对待检测图形,以过圆心的直线为对称轴对图像上的三点进行对称选取,计算出圆心坐标值和半径值,运用Hough变换在参数空间中对值进行投票,累加计数求出峰值。实验结果表明,该方法降低了计算复杂度和对计算空间的需求,与当前应用最广的RHT,以及SHT圆检测方法相比,运行速度快、精度高,抗噪性能好。     

基于多层图像分割hough变换的零件定位模型

本文根据零件原始图像数据,先对图像进行灰度化处理,再运用Sobel算子对原始图像进行轮廓提取,接着采用几何特征对其进行识别。本文设计思想是:首先做Hough变换检测圆心位置与大圆边界,并将圆心位置存入内存;其次,为减少误差将图像分割为4部分,对每一个零件再做一次Hough变换检测,进一步检测到小圆的边界、确定小圆半径,从而最终提取零件的轮廓,同时对图像分割后的4个零件做Hough变换的直线检验;接着删除部分内容后做第3次Hough变换检测,确定中圆的边缘及半径;最后,删除大圆以内部分,做第4次Hough变换检测齿轮。针对模型验证,采集第3次及以后的Hough变换时求其几何特征可以验证第1、2次所得到的几何特征发现误差稳定在5个像素以内,说明优化模型的适用性好。     

基于有序Hough变换的快速圆检测算法

针对随机Hough变换（RHT）及其改进算法在同一圆边缘点随机抽样时命中率低且投票处理过程复杂,提出了基于有序搜索的广义Hough变换快速圆检测算法（SQHT）。该算法利用圆的几何性质和梯度方向信息来有序搜索圆边缘点集,将Hough变换的基于投票判定基元参数转变为有效确定基元三点的讨论。执行算法时,首先顺序搜寻第一边缘点并根据邻域边缘点集或图像灰度值计算其梯度值;接着在第一点所在行匹配与其梯度信息相符的第二点,根据前两点信息在第一点所在列匹配第三点;最后按照RHT算法流程确定有效基元参数,从而避免了随机抽样带来的时间不确定性。该算法具有计算速度快,检测时间可控,适用范围广泛,抗干扰性强等特点。相比于RHT算法,提出的算法在单目标圆检测情况下检测效率提高了2倍,在多目标圆（5个及以上）且有非目标边缘点情况下检测效率提高了5倍,在多圆检测方面能有效弥补了Hough变换算法的不足。     

一种基于Hough变换的快速圆检测算法

为加速轮毂轮廓圆的检测速度,提高轮毂自动化加工的效率,提出一种基于Hough变换的改进算法。该算法利用圆的先验几何特性,把采样点到三维参数空间的映射降低至二维,求得映射后距离各拟合直线最近的点,将其作为圆心点完成对轮廓圆的特征提取。实验结果表明:该算法不仅保留了传统Hough变换的优点,而且通过降低参数空间维数,使无效点带来的计算消耗大大降低,提高了检测效率,具有较高的应用价值。     

基于数字图象处理的零件几何参数检测

研究采用数字图象处理的方法测量零件的基本几何尺寸,实现零件检测的非接触测量。在常规HOUGH变换的基础上检测零件的直线边缘、安装孔和定位孔边缘,通过本文中提出的方法解决直线边缘检测中的离散点、短线段和共线不联通点的干扰问题。同时解决了孔边缘检测时的孔间干扰问题。通过实验对缝纫机用针板进行了检测,证明本文论述的方法能够检测出针板上的矩形孔的长直线边缘和轮廓的直线边缘,并剔除干扰点;并且能够检测出针板上的各圆孔边缘,而且可以检测针板的外圆轮廓,可以实现零件的几何量检测。     

基于改进Hough变换的圆形零件尺寸测量研究

分析了直方图均衡化图像预处理技术,针对标准Hough变换的不足,提出了一种结合圆的几何特性改进Hough变换的方法。该方法根据圆周上各点连线的垂直平分线交点通过圆心这一圆的几何特性,沿边缘方向进行梯度搜索,找出圆心并求解半径,有效解决了含噪声图像圆形零件边缘检测的难题。通过对轴承零件内、外径和尺寸的测量应用研究,验证了改进Hough变换圆形零件测量技术的有效性和准确性。     

改进的Hough变换在零件圆心定位中的应用

针对自动化生产线上粉末冶金零件在检测中圆心定位困难的问题,在传统Hough圆变换方法基础上作了一系列改进,该方法先对图像进行预处理,比如滤波、边缘检测等,然后进行Hough变换实现零件图像的快速定位。实践证明,该方法不但减少了图像处理的时间,而且提高了Hough圆变换在各种零件检测中圆心定位的准确性。     

基于机器视觉的手机尾插件精密测量方法研究

提出了一种基于机器视觉的小尺寸不规则零件精密测量方法和系统,方法包括图像采集、图像增强、图像配准、边缘检测、目标直线提取、相机标定和计算测量环节。针对传统尺度不变特征变换(SIFT)匹配算法完全忽略特征点之间的几何关系,对于灰度变化较平滑的图像在寻找匹配特征点对时易产生较多误匹配的问题,引入轮廓匹配获取图像几何信息、对SIFT特征点匹配进行约束,并通过随机样本一致(RANSAC)算法去除噪声点对的影响、精确估计几何变换矩阵;针对现有Hough变换拟合直线算法对非线性边缘易在Hough空间形成伪峰、影响边缘检测精准度的问题,设计了Hough空间投票权重分配新策略来抑制伪峰的产生。实验结果表明:与传统方法相比,所提出的方法特征匹配精度提高了12%,直线检测精准度提高了22%,系统测量精度达到0.015 mm。     

基于Hough变换运用形状角及梯度检测圆

介绍了一种结合轮廓线形状角及梯度信息的Hough变换检测圆的改进算法。针对广义Hough变换在检测圆时具有的计算时间长、存储空间大、准确性低等问题和不足,提出了相应的解决办法。该算法首先对图像进行平滑滤波和去噪,并采用Canny算子在抑制噪声的同时进行边缘检测,分析得到轮廓线的形状角并初步分类出形状为圆形的轮廓线;然后利用划分出的轮廓线的梯度信息大致确定圆心和半径,并运用Hough变换进行证据积累,以此来精确定位此圆的位置。实验证明,该检测算法计算量有所减少,检测性能有所提高,更加适用于随机圆的检测。     

基于小波变换的轴承内外轮廓尺寸测量

设计了一种基于小波变换的轴承内外轮廓尺寸测量方法。该方法采用了小波去噪、图像增强与小波边缘检测等算法并通过Hough变换对轴承内外轮廓提取及测量,开发了轴承视觉测量软件。通过实验测试表明该系统具有较高的测量精度,为轴承内外轮廓测量提供了一种可行、实用的方法。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.